【英语】英语阅读理解(教育文化)专项含解析

【英语】英语阅读理解(教育文化)专项含解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建议)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Children.（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.B.Sleephours.C.Thephysicalactivitytime.D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，因为这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。所以本文的目标读者是父母们，而不是研究人员、老师或儿童。故选C。（2）考查主旨大意。本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼。根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告诉父母们如果他们这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，满足三个要求的人认知能力最好，接下来是满足睡眠时间以及屏幕消遣限制时间，最后是满足屏幕消遣限制时间。据此推断，体育锻炼对认知能力影响最小。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建议父母们给孩子设立睡眠规则，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是确保孩子在卧室里有足够的睡眠时间。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

Hobbiesingeneralarebecomingsomethingofthepast.Ourlivesarealreadyfilledwithclasses,homework,working,relationshipsandsleeping.Whenwedohaveasparemoment,itisalltooeasytospenditontheendlessentertainmentandmediathatarerightatourfingertips.

Idonotdoubtthattherearesomepeoplewhocouldbecomeagreatwriterormusician.Ionlyfearthatsomanypeoplearebusypursuingtheireducationandtheircareers,buttheyneverevenseethepotential(潜能)theyhave.Thenextgreatphotographerorsingercouldbegoingtocollegerightnow.Buttheymightnotevenknowtheyhaveagiftforphotographingorsingingifthey'veneverpickedupacameraoraguitar.

Ofcourse,thefinalgoalofpursuinganewhobbyshouldn'tbetobecomerichandfamous.Formostpeople,ahobbyisjustsomethingtheyenjoydoingforthepurposeofthethingitself.Suchhobbiesarestillveryuseful.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohaveahobbyarelesslikelytohavestressandmorelikelytohavemoremeaningfullives.

Mostimportantly,ahobbyisjustsomethingyoudotomakeyouhappy.Ihatetobreakittoyou,butweallhavealonglifetimeofworkandstressaheadofus.Itwillmakethingsmucheasierifwecanpracticethepianoormakesomecollectionsafterwork.

Sure,it'snoteasytostartanewhobbywhilegoingtoschool,butitwilllikelynevergeteasierthanitisrightnow.Sothinkaboutthethingthatyouhavealwayswantedtotrybutweretooembarrassedorbusyorwhatever.Youneverknow,youmightbecometheworld'snextgreatpeople.Ifnot,you'llatleastbealittlemorewell-rounded,moreinterestingandlessstressed.（1）WhatdoesParagraph1mainlyshow?A.

Allpeopleshouldlearntorelax.B.

Today'speoplehavelittletimeforhobbies.C.

Peopleinthepasttooktheirhobbiesseriously.D.

People'sliveshavebeennegativelyaffectedbymedia.（2）Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhobbies?A.

Theymaytakeuptoomuchtime.B.

Theycanhelpusenjoyabetterlife.C.

Theysometimescanbringusstress.D.

Theyshouldmakeusfamousoneday.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.

Weshouldstartahobbynow.B.

Startinganewhobbyisn'teasy.C.

We'dbetterdevelopahobbyatschool.D.

Developingahobbywillgeteasierastimegoesby.（4）What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.

Tointroducesomehelpfulhobbies.B.

Toencourageustohaveahobby.C.

Totellushowtocreateahappylife.D.

Totellushowtofindourpotential.【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者认为现在的人没什么时间来培养兴趣爱好，但有一个兴趣爱好非常重要。（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要是讲现在的人太忙，没什么时间培养兴趣爱好，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“"Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohaveahobbyarelesslikelytohavestressandmorelikelytohavemoremeaningfullives."可知，拥有兴趣爱好可以让我们的生活变得更好，故选B。（3）考查句义猜测。根据划线句子以及"Sothinkaboutthethingthatyouhavealwayswantedtotrybutweretooembarrassedorbusyorwhatever."可知，这里是讲现在就是培养兴趣爱好的最好时机。故选A。（4）考查写作意图。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲培养兴趣爱好非常重要，我们应该有兴趣爱好，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，句义猜测，写作意图和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

ItishardtosaythefirstdayofschoolintheUnitedStatesbecausewhenthefirstdayofschoolisandwhathappensonthefirstdayofschoolusuallyaredifferentbydistricts(地区).

ThefirstdayofschoolformanyschooldistrictsindifferentstatesisonthedayafterthefirstMondayinSeptember.Insomeotherschooldistricts,schoolbeginsinmid-to-lateAugust.Forexample,theDenver,Coloradoschoolsgobackinmid-AugustandschoolsinCleveland,OhiostartbackusuallyoneweekbeforethefirstMondayinSeptember.TheBoston,Chicago,NewYorkCityandSanDiegoschoolsstartbackontheTuesdayorWednesdayafterthefirstMondayinSeptember.

SchoolsinCleveland,OhiousedtostarttheschoolyearonthedayafterthefirstMondayinSeptember,butinthe1976-1977and1977-1978academicyears,theschoolyearwasaffectedbyseveralbadsnowstorms,extremecold.Inthe1978-1979schoolyear,theOhioDepartmentofEducationmovedthestartoftheyeartolateAugust,oneweekbeforethefirstMondayinSeptember.Thiswentintoeffectinthe1980-1981schoolyear.

InmostschooldistrictsinUtah,theschoolyearstartsbetweenAugust25andAugust30,andgoesuntilthelastweekofMayorthefirstweekinJunenextyear.

InAmericanhighschools,thefreshmenclassusuallygoesbackoneortwodaysbeforetherestoftheschoolbodyforanorientation(迎新)period.Anorientationperiodhelpsthefreshmengetfamiliarwiththeirnewschool,itsrules,andsurroundings.

Insomeschools,thefreshmenclasseshavetheirphotographstakenforidentificationpurposes.Somehighschoolshavetriedtomakethefirstweekofschoolfunforincomingfreshmen.（1）Accordingtothepassage,whichschoolsstarttheirschoolyeartheearliest?A.

SchoolsinDenver.

B.

SchoolsinCleveland.C.

SchoolsinNewYorkCity.

D.

SchoolsinBoston.（2）WhydidtheOhioDepartmentofEducationchangethestartoftheschoolyear?A.

Becauseofsomepoliticalevents.

B.

Becauseoftheentranceexaminations.C.

Becauseoftheincreasingnumberofstudents.

D.

Becauseoftheextremeweather.（3）HowmanymonthsdoestheschoolyearlastinschoolsinUtah?A.

Aboutsevenmonths.

B.

Abouteightmonths.C.

Aboutninemonths.

D.

Abouttenmonths.（4）Thearticleisprobablytakenfrom________.A.

abookaboutone'slifestory

B.

anofficialwebsiteofeducationC.

anadvertisementinanewspaper

D.

asportsmagazine【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国开学第一天的日期没有明文规定，因地区而异。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”Forexample,theDenver,Coloradoschoolsgobackinmid-AugustandschoolsinCleveland,…MondayinSeptember.“可知，丹佛的学校在八月中旬开学,克里夫兰的学校通常在9月的第一个星期一之前开始。波士顿，芝加哥，纽约和圣地亚哥的学校在9月的第一个星期一之后的周二或周三开始。综上所述，丹佛的学校开学最早。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"butinthe1976-1977and1977-1978academicyears，theschoolyearwasaffectedbyseveralbadsnowstorms，extremecold"可知俄亥俄州的学校受到暴风雪的影响，因而开学日发生了变化。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”InmostschooldistrictsinUtah,theschoolyearstarts…nextyear.“可知犹太州学年从8月25日到8月30日开始，一直持续到5月的最后一周或明年6月的第一周，持续时间为九个月左右，故选C。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了美国学校开学第一天的日期的内容，应属教育类，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Thenexttimeyouattendasocialfunctionorgotoaplacewherepeoplemeetandinteract,takenoteofthenumberofpeoplewhohaveadoptedthesamegesturesandposture---thewayyousitorstand--ofthepersonwithwhomtheyaretalking.This"carboncopying"isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.Bythismethod,oneisnon-verbally(非语言的)sayingtotheother,"Asyoucansee,Ithinkthesameasyou,soIwillcopyyourpostureandgesture."

Thisunconscious(无意识地)mimicryisquiteinterestingtoobserve.Take,forexample,thetwomenstandingatthehotelbar.Theyhavemirroredeachother'sgesturesanditisreasonabletoassumethattheyarediscussingatopicuponwhichtheyhavethesamethoughtsandfeelings.Ifonemanuncrosseshisarmsandlegsorstandsontheotherfoot,theotherwillfollow.Ifoneputshishandinhispockettheotherwillcopyandthismimicrywillcontinueforaslongasthetwomenareinagreement.

Thiscopyingalsooccursamonggoodfriendsorpeopleofthesamesocialpositionanditiscommontoseemarriedcoupleswalk,stand,sitandmoveinverysimilarways.Peoplewhoarestrangers,however,tryhardtoavoidholdingmutual(相互的)positions.Thesignificanceofcarboncopyingcanbeoneofthemostimportantnon-verballessonswecanlearn,forthisisonewaythatotherstellusthattheyagreewithusorlikeus.Itisalsoawayforustotellothersthatwelikethem,bysimplycopyingtheirgestures.

Ifanemployerwishestodevelopimmediatefriendlinessandcreatearelaxingatmospherewithanemployee,heneedstocopytheemployee'sposturetoachievetheend.Similarly,anup-and-comingemployeemaybeseencopyinghisboss'sgesturesinanattempttoshowagreement.Usingtheknowledge,itispossibletoinfluenceaface-to-faceencounterbycopyingthepositivegesturesandposturesoftheotherperson.Thishastheeffectofputtingtheotherpersoninareceptiveandrelaxedframeofmindandhecan"see"thatyouunderstandhispointofview.（1）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

CarbonCopying---ShowingAgreement

B.

DevelopingNon-verbalCommunicationC.

HowtoavoidCarbonCopying

D.

ProperSocialBehavior（2）Whatis"carboncopying"accordingtothepassage?A.

Toadoptidenticalgestureofothers.

B.

Torepeatwhatothershavesaid.C.

Toshowagreementwithothers.

D.

Tomockothers.（3）InwhichofthefollowinggroupsiscarboncopyingNOTfrequentlyseen?A.

Marriedcouples

B.

Peoplenotfamiliarwitheachother.C.

Goodfriends.

D.

Peopleofthesamesocialposition.（4）Whatshouldanemployerdotocreatedarelaxingatmosphereforanemployee?A.

Bepolite.

B.

Avoidcopyingtheemployee'sgesture.C.

Behelpful.

D.

Copythegestureoftheemployee.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了"carboncopying（复制）"现象，是指一个人通过模仿另一个人的姿势和手势，来告诉另一个人自己赞同他的想法和态度。同时列举这种现象经常发生的场所，以及如何利用这些知识来让对方处于一种接受和放松的心态，"看到"你理解他的观点。（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“This‘carboncopying’isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.”这种"复制"是指一个人告诉另一个人他同意他的想法和态度。以及文章主要围绕"carboncopying"是通过模仿另一个人的姿势和手势来表达自己对他的赞同所展开的，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This‘carboncopying’isameansbywhichonepersontellstheotherthatheisinagreementwithhisideasandattitudes.Bythismethod,oneisnon-verballysayingtotheother,‘Asyoucansee,Ithinkthesameasyou,soIwillcopyyourpostureandgesture.’"这种"复制"是指一个人告诉另一个人他同意他的想法和态度。通过这种方法，一个人不用语言就能对另一个人说:"你看，我和你想的一样，所以我会模仿你的姿势和手势。"可知"carboncopying"是指采用和别人相同的手势。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Peoplewhoarestrangers,however,tryhardtoavoidholdingmutualpositions.“然而，陌生人会尽量避免持有共同的立场。可知彼此不熟悉的人们不常看到"复制"现象。故选B。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”Ifanemployerwishestodevelopimmediatefriendlinessandcreatearelaxingatmospherewithanemployee,heneedstocopytheemployee'sposturetoachievetheend.“如果雇主希望与雇员建立直接的友好关系，营造轻松的氛围，他需要模仿雇员的姿势来达到目的。可知雇主可以通过模仿雇员的动作，为雇员创造一个轻松的气氛。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,fourthingsarenecessary.First,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearitspoken.Secondly,wemustbeabletospeakitourselves,withconfidenceandwithouthesitation(犹豫).Thirdly,wemustdomuchreading.Finally,wemustbeabletowriteit.Wemustbeabletomakesentencesthatarecorrectingrammar.

Therearenoshortcutstosuccessinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisagreathelp,butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.Itisnotmuchlearningbyheartlonglistsofwordsandtheirmeanings,studyingthedictionaryandsoon.Wemustlearnbyusingthelanguage.

Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.（1）Themostimportantthingstolearnaforeignlanguageare

.A.

understandingandspeaking

B.

Listening,speaking,readingandwritingC.

writingandunderstanding

D.

memorizingandlistening（2）SomeonehearsandwritesEnglishverywell,buthespeaksitverybadly.Thisisbecause

.A.hedoesn'tunderstandthelanguagewhenhehearsitspokenB.hedoesn'thaveagoodmemoryC.healwaysrememberslistsofwordsandtheirmeaningsD.heoftenhesitates(犹豫)topractisespeakingit（3）Onecanneverlearnaforeignlanguagewellby

.A.doingmuchpracticeB.studyingthedictionaryC.learningthroughuseD.usingthelanguage（4）Whichisthemostimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage?A.goodmemory.B.Speaking.C.Practice.D.Writing.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学习一门语言的基本方法和根本方法。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Inordertoknowaforeignlanguagethoroughly（完全地），fourthingsarenecessary.“为了完全了解一门外语，要做好四个方面的准备，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Secondly，wemustbeabletospeakitourselves，withconfidenceandwithouthesitation.“第二，我们必须要自己会说，带着自信而且毫不犹豫。推断有些人说不好，是因为在说这方面，他有犹豫要不要练习说这门语言，故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”Agoodmemoryisagreathelp，butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.“好的记忆力是会很有帮助，但是光从语法书上记忆语法规则是不够的；以及第三段中的”Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized，wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.“如果我们对于记点语法规则就很满足，但在并不是真正在学语言。我们必须通过使用它来学这门语言。所以选B。（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.“练习非常重要。我们必须尽可能地练习说和写一门语言，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Stressisoneofthemostcommoncausesofhealthproblemsinmodernlife.Toomuchstressresultsinphysical,emotional,andmentalhealthproblems.

Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.Stresscanaffecttheheart.Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.Stresscanaffecttherespiratory(呼吸的)system.Itcanleadtoasthmaandcauseapersontobreathetoofast,resultinginalossofimportantcarbondioxide.Stresscanaffectthestomach.Itcancausestomachachesandproblemsofdigestingfood.Theseareonlyafewexamplesofthewiderangeofillnessesandsymptomsresultingfromstress.

Emotionsarealsoeasilyaffectedbystress.Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.Theymayhavepanicattacksandfeeltiredallthetime.Whenpeopleareunderstress,theyoftenoverreacttolittleproblems.Forexample,anormallygentleparentunderalotofstressatworkmayyellatachildfordroppingaglassofjuice.Stresscanmakepeopleangry,moody,ornervous.

Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.Depression,anextremefeelingofsadnessandhopelessness,canbetheresultofcontinuedandincreasingstress.Alcoholismandotheraddictionsoftendevelopasaresultofoveruseofalcoholordrugstotrytorelieve(释放)stress.Ifstressisallowedtocontinue,thenone'smentalhealthisputatrisk.

Itisobviousthatstressisaseriousproblem.Itattacksthebody.Itaffectstheemotions.Untreated,itmayeventuallyresultinmentalillness.Stresshasagreatinfluenceonthehealth,ourfeelingsandourminds.So,reducestress:stoptheworldandrestforawhile.（1）Whatphysicaleffectsdoesstressresultin?A.Overreactingtolittleproblems.B.Makingbloodpressurelow.C.Sufferingfromdepression.D.Increasingthepulserate.（2）Whichonebelongstotheemotionalproblem?A.Alcoholabuse.B.Drugaddiction.C.MuchAnxiety.D.Heartbeatmissing.（3）Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Stresscausingmentalproblems.B.Stresscausingphysicalproblems.C.Stresscausingemotionalproblems.D.Stresscausingpanicattacks.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在现代社会中，压力是很多健康问题的原因之一。作者分析了压力可能会给大家带来的身体方面的问题、情绪方面以及精神方面的问题。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.”压力对身体有很多影响。可知，这一段主要将压力对身体可能带来的影响；以及“Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.”它能加速脉率，使心脏停止跳动以及能造成高血压，可知，加速脉率是压力可能对身体造成的影响之一。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.”压力大的人常常感到焦虑。可知，焦虑是压力可能对人的情绪带来的影响之一。所以焦虑属于情感问题。故选C。（3）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的“Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.”长期压力能带来很多严重的精神疾病，可知，本段主要讨论压力可能带来的精神问题。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isgainingglobalpopularity.Accordingtoagovernmentwhitepaper,TCMhasbeenintroducedin183countriesandregionsaroundtheworld.

Westerners'understandingofTCM,however,maybelimitedtoacupundure，cuppingandmassage(针灸，拔罐和按摩).Forinstance,thepurple,injury-likemarksleftonUS.swimmerMichaelPhelps'backfromcuppingforthepurposeofrelaxinghismusclesandreducingpainbecamethecenterofattentionduringtheRioOlympicsin2016.

Asamatteroffact,ChineseherbsplayamoreimportantroleingettingridofdiseasesandkeepingthebodyingoodconditionintheTCMtreatmentsystemthanphysicaltreatment.Itisthereforedishearteningtoknowthat-while103WorldHealthOrganizationmembercountrieshavegivenapprovaltothepracticeofacupuncture，notmanyrecognizeChineseherbalmedicineTCMfallsfarbehindWesternmedicineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmentofChineseherbs.

Herbs,aremadeintopills,powderandsoup,andthekindofherbsuscd1theirqualityandquantity,andtheprocessingoftheingredientsjointlydeterminetheeffectivenessoftheprescription.ComparedwithWesternmedicine,whichhasstandardizeddrugproductionprocessesandtreatmentmethods,TCMlacksstandardization,withthechemicalcompositionandfunctionsofitsmedicinesbeingunclearandtheireffectsbeingunstable.Fortunately,standardizationhasimprovedinrecentdecades,withanincreasingnumberoffactoriesproducingpatentedTCMdrugs.

AnotherfactorthathaspreventedthedevelopmentofTCMprescriptiondrugsisthelackofcreativity,WhileWesternmedicine-makingcompaniescomeupwithnewproductseveryyear,TCMdrugproducerstendtomakemedicinesaccordingtoprescriptionshandeddownfromthepast.ChinesechemistTuYouyour'swinningthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineforherresearchintomalaria(疟疾）treatmentmaydrivecreativitytosomeextentinChina'sTCMindustry.However,thecurrentstateofaffairscannotbechangedwithinashorttime.（1）TheauthormentionstheexampleofMichaelPhelpsinordertoshow

.A.hewasinjuredinhisswimming.B.cuppingisakindofimportantTCMtreatment.C.westernersknowalittleaboutTCM.D.westernersattachgreatimportancetoTCM.（2）Whydon'tsomemembercountriesofWIIOrecognizeChineseherbalmedicine?A.BecauseChineseherbscangetridofdiseasesB.BecausetheyonlyapprovethepracticeofacupunctureC.Becausewesternmedicine15moreeffectiveD.BecausemedicinemadeoutorChineseherbsdevelopsslowly（3）ComparedwithWesternmedicine,whatisthemainweakpointofTCM?A.Themethodsofprocessingherbs.B.Theeffectivenessofprescription.C.Lackinginstandardization.D.Itsunstablefunctions.（4）ThelackofcreativityinTCMreferstothefactthat

.A.medicine-makingcompanieslackcreativity.B.prescriptionsaregotfromthepast.C.Westerncompaniesaremoreexperienced.D.medicine-makingcompanieslackdrivingforce【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了传统中医的特点。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Westerners'understandingofTCM,however,maybelimitedto

acupundure，cuppingandmassage.”可知，举菲尔普斯的例子就是为了证明西方人对传统中医有一些了解，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“notmanyrecognizeChineseherbalmedicineTCMfallsfarbehindWesternmedicineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmentofChineseherbs.”可知，有一些WHO的成员国不承认中国的草药是因为用中草药制成的药物治疗效果缓慢，故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ComparedwithWesternmedicine,whichhasstandardizeddrugproductionprocessesandtreatmentmethods,TCMlacksstandardization”可知，与西医相比，中医的缺点是缺乏标准化，故选C。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“WhileWesternmedicine-makingcompaniescomeupwithnewproductseveryyear,TCMdrugproducerstendtomakemedicinesaccordingtoprescriptionshandeddownfromthepast.”可知，中医缺乏创造性指的是中医的处方是从过去传承下来的，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

Parentswhohavebooksinthehomeincreasethelevelofeducationtheirchildrenwillattain(获得),whetherrichorpoor,accordingtoa20-yearstudyledbyMariahEvans.

Foryears,educatorshavethoughtthestrongestpredictor(预示物)ofattaininghighlevelsofeducationwashavingparentswhowerehighlyeducated.But,thestudyshowedthatthedifferencebetweenbeingraisedinabooklesshomecomparedtobeingraisedinahomewitha500-booklibraryhasasgreataneffectonthelevelofeducationachildwillattainasthedifferencebetweenhavingparentswhoarebarelyliterate(有文化的)andhavingparentswhohaveauniversityeducation.

Beingasociologist,Evanswasparticularlyinterestedtofindthatchildrenofless-educatedparentsbenefitthemostfromhavingbooksinthehome.Whatkindsofinvestmentsshouldwemaketohelpthesekidsgetahead?Theresultsofthisstudyindicatethatgettingsomebooksintotheirhomesisaninexpensivewaythatwecanhelpthesechildrensucceed.Evanssaid,"Evenalittlebitgoesalongway.Havingasfewas20booksinthehomestillhasasignificantimpactonmotivatingachildtoahigherlevelofeducation,andthemorebooksyouadd,thegreaterbenefitthechildrenget."

Theresearcherswerestruckbythestrongeffecthavingbooksinthehomehadonchildren'seducationalattainmentevenaboveandbeyondsuchfactorsaseducationleveloftheparents,thefather'soccupationortheeconomiclevelofthecountry.

Havingbooksinthehomeistwiceasimportantasthefather'seducationlevel,andmoreimportantthanwhetherachildwasbroughtupinadevelopingcountryoradevelopedcountry.Surprisingly,thedifferenceineducationalattainmentforchildrenborninadevelopedcountryandchildrenborninadevelopingcountrywasjust2years,lessthantwo-thirdsoftheeffectthathaving500ormorebooksinthehomehadonchildren.（1）Inthepasteducatorsheldapointofviewthat______.A.

childrenwhosefamilyhadalibrarywouldpossiblyattainhighlevelsofeducationB.

childrenwhowereborninpoorfamiliesstudiedharderthanthoseinrichfamiliesC.

childrenwhoseparentsarehighlyeducatedwouldattainhighlevelsofeducationD.

parents'levelofeducationhadnothingtodowiththeirchildren'slevelsofeducation（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"motivating"inParagraph3mean?A.

Makingsomebodywant