安徽建筑大学《大学英语》2024-2025学年期末试卷（A卷）

安徽建筑大学《大学英语》2024-----2025学年期末试卷（A卷）专业

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题号一二三四五六七八九十成绩复核签字得分登分签字说明：本试卷共100分；答题要求：按要求答题考生须知:1.姓名、学号、系、专业、年级、班级必须写在密封线内指定位置。2.答案必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷上，字迹要清晰，卷面要整洁，写在草稿纸上的一律无效。一、词汇与语法（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。）SectionA词汇辨析（10小题）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最符合句意的一项。Thestructuralengineermustensurethatthebuildingsfoundationcan______thetotalloadoftheupperfloors.A.sustainB.reserveC.purchaseD.modifyGreenbuildingdesignaimstoreduceenvironmental______throughouttheconstructionprocess.A.impactB.benefitC.sourceD.balanceThearchitectpresentedthree______designsfortheclientsreviewbeforefinalizingtheplan.A.conceptualB.numericalC.accidentalD.primitiveProper______ofinsulationmaterialsisessentialforenergyefficiencyinhigh-risebuildings.A.installationB.decorationC.demonstrationD.calculationThecontractorisresponsibleforcoordinatingall______tocompletetheprojectontime.A.subcontractorsB.participantsC.spectatorsD.pedestriansBIMtechnologyhasgreatlyimprovedcollaborationandreducederrorsinmodern______projects.A.constructionB.educationC.medicineD.agricultureThe______ofthenewbridgewillstartnextmonthafterthesitepreparationisfinished.A.excavationB.invitationC.inspectionD.inventionSteelstructuresarewidelyusedinlong-spanbuildingsduetotheirhighstrengthandgood______.A.flexibilityB.curiosityC.creativityD.activityQualitycontrolinspectorswillcheckthe______ofconcreteusedinthefoundationworktomorrow.A.integrityB.popularityC.minorityD.similarityThe______ofthebuildingincludesheating,ventilation,andairconditioningsystems.A.HVACB.GDPC.CEOD.GPSSectionB语法应用（10小题）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thearchitect______onthepreliminarydesignforthreeweeksbeforesubmittingittotheclient.A.worksB.hasworkedC.workedD.willworkIfwe______BIMtechnologyearlier,wewouldhaveavoidedtheconstructionerrors.A.adoptedB.hadadoptedC.adoptD.willadoptThenewofficebuilding,______roofiscoveredwithsolarpanels,setsagreenbuildingexample.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.whatConstructionworkersarerequired______safetyhelmetswhenworkingontheconstructionsite.A.wearingB.towearC.wearD.wornThenumberofsustainablebuildingsinthecity______significantlyoverthepastfiveyears.A.hasincreasedB.increasedC.isincreasingD.willincreaseThisisthemostchallengingprojectourengineeringteam______everundertaken.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.willhaveThemeetingwaspostponed______thekeyengineerwasstuckintraffic.A.becauseB.althoughC.unlessD.untilBytheendofnextyear,we______theconstructionofthenewlibrary.A.completeB.willcompleteC.havecompletedD.willhavecompletedItisimportantthattheconstructionplan______approvedbythesafetyinspectorfirst.A.beB.isC.wasD.willbeNotonly______designthebuildingbutalsosupervisetheconstructionprocess.A.thearchitectdoesB.doesthearchitectC.thearchitectwillD.willthearchitect二、阅读理解（本大题共3篇短文，每篇5小题，每小题2分，共30分。）Passage1BIM(BuildingInformationModeling)isadigitalrepresentationofthephysicalandfunctionalcharacteristicsofafacility.Asasharedknowledgeresourceforinformationaboutafacility,BIMservesasareliablebasisfordecisionsduringitslifecyclefrominceptiontodemolition.BIMtechnologyintegratesarchitecture,engineering,andconstruction(AEC)processesbyprovidingasingleplatformforallprojectstakeholders.Architectscancreate3Dmodelswithdetaileddesigndata,whileengineerscananalyzestructuralstabilityandenergyefficiencydirectlywithinthemodel.Contractorsbenefitfromimprovedcoordination,asBIMhelpsidentifypotentialconflictsbetweendifferentsystems(suchasMEPandstructuralcomponents)beforeconstructionbegins.StudiesshowthatprojectsusingBIMreducereworkby20-30%andshortenconstructionschedulesby10-15%.Additionally,BIMsupportssustainabledesignbyenablingperformanceanalysisofmaterialsandenergyuse,helpingprojectteamsmeetgreenbuildingstandards.AstheAECindustrycontinuestodigitize,BIMhasbecomeanessentialtoolformodernconstructionprojects.WhatisthemainfunctionofBIMaccordingtothepassage?A.TocreateartisticdesignsforbuildingsB.ToprovideadigitalbasisforlifecycledecisionsC.ToreplacetraditionalconstructionmethodsD.TotrainconstructionworkersefficientlyHowdoesBIMbenefitcontractors?A.ByreducingthecostofbuildingmaterialsB.BysimplifyingthedesignapprovalprocessC.ByidentifyingpotentialsystemconflictsearlyD.Byincreasingthespeedofon-siteconstructionWhatpercentageofreworkcanbereducedbyusingBIM?A.10-15%B.20-30%C.30-40%D.40-50%WhichaspectofsustainabledesigndoesBIMsupport?A.HistoricalpreservationofoldbuildingsB.PerformanceanalysisofmaterialsandenergyC.RecruitmentofgreenbuildingexpertsD.Promotionofeco-friendlyconstructioncompaniesWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThehistoryofbuildinginformationmanagementB.TheapplicationandbenefitsofBIMtechnologyC.ThechallengesofdigitalizingconstructionprojectsD.ThecomparisonbetweenBIMandtraditionaldesigntoolsPassage2Shallowfoundationsarewidelyusedinconstructionwhenthesoilnearthegroundsurfacehassufficientbearingcapacity.Unlikedeepfoundations,whichtransferloadstodeepersoillayers,shallowfoundationsdistributethebuildingsweightoveralargeareanearthesurface.Commontypesofshallowfoundationsincludespreadfootings,matfoundations,andstripfootings.Spreadfootingsareusedtosupportindividualcolumns,whilestripfootingscarrytheloadofwalls.Matfoundations,alsoknownasraftfoundations,covertheentireareaunderabuildingandaresuitableforstructuresonweaksoil.Thedesignofshallowfoundationsrequirescarefulconsiderationofseveralfactors.Engineersmustassessthesoilsbearingpressuretoensureitcansupporttheappliedloadwithoutexcessivesettlement.Theyalsoneedtoaccountforenvironmentalfactorssuchasgroundwaterlevelandseismicactivity.Properlydesignedshallowfoundationsarecost-effectiveandeasytoconstruct,makingthemapopularchoiceforlow-risebuildingsandsmallstructures.Whatisthekeydifferencebetweenshallowanddeepfoundations?A.ThematerialusedinconstructionB.ThedepthofsoiltheyrelyonC.ThecostofinstallationD.ThetimerequiredforconstructionWhichtypeofshallowfoundationissuitableforsupportingwalls?A.SpreadfootingsB.MatfoundationsC.StripfootingsD.RaftfoundationsWhyarematfoundationsusedonweaksoil?A.TheycovertheentirebuildingareaB.TheyaremadeofstrongermaterialsC.TheytransferloadstodeeperlayersD.TheyreduceconstructiontimeWhatfactormustengineersconsiderwhendesigningshallowfoundations?A.ThebuildingsdecorativestyleB.ThelocalweatherconditionsC.ThesoilsbearingpressureD.ThenumberofconstructionworkersWhatistheadvantageofshallowfoundations?A.Theyaresuitableforhigh-risebuildingsB.Theyarecost-effectiveandeasytoconstructC.TheycanwithstandstrongearthquakesD.TheyrequirelesssoilinvestigationPassage3Sustainableconstruction,alsoknownasgreenbuilding,focusesonminimizingtheenvironmentalimpactofbuildingsthroughouttheirlifecycle.Thisincludesdesign,construction,operation,maintenance,anddemolition.Withgrowingconcernsaboutclimatechange,sustainableconstructionhasbecomeapriorityintheglobalarchitectureandengineeringindustry.Keyprinciplesofsustainableconstructionincludeenergyefficiency,waterconservation,andtheuseofeco-friendlymaterials.Energy-efficientbuildingsreducerelianceonfossilfuelsbyincorporatinginsulation,solarpanels,andefficientHVACsystems.Waterconservationmeasuressuchaslow-flowfixturesandrainwaterharvestingsystemshelpreducewaterconsumptionbyupto40%.Theuseofsustainablematerialsisanothercriticalaspect.Recycledsteel,reclaimedwood,andlow-VOC(volatileorganiccompound)paintsarecommonlyusedtominimizeenvironmentalharm.Additionally,sustainablebuildingsoftenfeaturegreenspacessuchasrooftopgardens,whichimproveairqualityandreduceurbanheatislandeffect.Beyondenvironmentalbenefits,sustainableconstructionalsoofferseconomicadvantages.Energy-efficientbuildingshaveloweroperatingcosts,andgreencertificationscanincreasepropertyvalue.Forconstructionprofessionals,masteringsustainableconstructionpracticesisessentialforcareerdevelopmentintodaysindustry.Whatisthefocusofsustainableconstruction?A.MaximizingbuildingheightandsizeB.MinimizingenvironmentalimpactC.ReducingconstructiontimeD.LoweringinitialconstructioncostsHowdoenergy-efficientbuildingsreducerelianceonfossilfuels?A.ByusingmoretraditionalmaterialsB.ByincorporatinginsulationandsolarpanelsC.ByincreasingthenumberofwindowsD.ByreducingthebuildingsfloorareaWhatpercentageofwaterconsumptioncanbereducedbywaterconservationmeasures?A.Upto20%B.Upto30%C.Upto40%D.Upto50%Whatisanexampleofasustainablematerialmentionedinthepassage?A.High-VOCpaintsB.RecycledsteelC.PlasticpipesD.ConcreteblocksWhateconomicadvantagedoessustainableconstructionoffer?A.LoweroperatingcostsB.FasterconstructionspeedC.FewerbuildingregulationsD.Easiermaintenanceforworkers三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分。）ReadthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwiththebestchoicefromA,B,CandD.Theconstructionindustryisundergoingadigitaltransformation,withnewtechnologieschanginghowprojectsaredesignedandbuilt.Onekeytechnologyisprefabrication,whichinvolvesmanufacturingbuildingcomponentsoff-siteandthenassemblingthemontheconstructionsite.Thismethodoffersseveraladvantagesovertraditionalon-siteconstruction.First,prefabricationimprovesconstruction______(36).Componentsareproducedincontrolledfactoryenvironments,reducingerrorsandrework.Studiesshowthatprefabricatedbuildingshave50%fewerdefectsthanthosebuilton-site.Second,itspeedsupprojectschedules.Factoryproductionandon-sitepreparationcanhappen______(37),cuttingconstructiontimeby20-30%.Environmentalbenefitsarealsosignificant.Prefabricationreducesconstructionwastebyupto90%becausematerialsaremeasuredandcutwithprecisioninfactories.Italsolowerscarbonemissions,asfactoryproductionismoreenergy-efficientthanon-sitework.Forconstructioncompanies,prefabricationrequiresashiftinworkflow.Theyneedtocollaboratecloselywithdesignersearlyintheprocesstoensurecomponentsare______(38)foroff-siteproduction.Workersalsoneedtrainingtooperatenewequipmentandassembleprefabricatedparts.Despitethesechallenges,thefutureofprefabricationlookspromising.Asdemandforsustainableandefficientbuildingsgrows,moreconstructionprojectswill______(39)thistechnology.Infact,theglobalprefabricatedbuildingmarketisexpectedtogrowby15%annuallyoverthenextfiveyears.Forarchitectureandengineeringstudents,learningaboutprefabricationandotherdigitaltechnologiesis______(40)fortheirfuturecareers.Theseskillswillhelpthemadapttotheevolvingneedsoftheconstructionindustry.A.qualityB.quantityC.safetyD.locationA.separatelyB.simultaneouslyC.sequentiallyD.randomlyA.suitableB.expensiveC.decorativeD.fragileA.avoidB.adoptC.abandonD.adjustA.unnecessaryB.optionalC.essentialD.temporary四、翻译（本大