Unit 3 Grammar and usage 课件 2025-2026学年牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册

XB4Unit3CareersandskillsGrammarandusageLead-inLead-inWhystartyourownbusiness?♥Newlifestyle♥Incomepotential♥Pursuingapassion♥Turningagoodideaintoreality♥RealizingyourfullpotentialontheworkmarketReadthearticleonpage34andfillinblanks.RunningyourownbusinessAdvantagesDisadvantagesItcanbeasourceofpersonalgrowth.Youwillbeabletobetterprovideforyourselfandyourfamily.Theeconomywillbenefitifyouachievecommercialsuccess.Youhavetodealwithdemandingworkschedules.Itcomeswithgreatresponsibilities.Makesureanyloansyouhavearerepaidontime.Observethefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlinedparts.1.Ithinkit'sinteresting.2.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.3.Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.4.Itisnotknownwhatcausedthewildfire.5.Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．astheobjectasthesubjectasthesubjectastheappositiveStep1:Lead-inPleaseworkoutthefunctionoftheunderlinedpart

ineachsentence.Theseclausesfunctionasnouns,andtheyarecallednoun

clauses.asthepredicative什么是名词性从句？

名词性从句是在复合句中起名词性作用的句子，可作句子的主语，宾语，表语，同位语。名词性从句1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句分类：Position主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句谓语动词/介词

系动词抽象名词找谓语动词→判断句式（简单句，并列句，复合句）找从属连词→区分主句和从句判断从句类型二、练习，并观察从句的位置。1）Theradioforecastthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.______从句，位置:______后面2)I’minterestedinwhothatmanis.______从句，位置:______后面3)WefinditimportantthatwepracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.

______从句，位置:________后面宾语动词宾语介词宾语动词it为形式宾语4)Iheardthenews

thatourteamhadwon.

________从句，位置:_________后面

总结2：__________从句一般位于名词之后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。这样的名词有：news,fact,idea,view,suggestion,promise,truth,doubt,belief等。5）Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.

________从句，位置:_________后面6）Thatourclasswonthegameistrue.

______从句，位置:_____________________同位语名词同位语表语系动词主语谓语动词之前引导词不作成分作主语、表语和定语作状语SubjectclauseObjectclauseAsyoustarttomakeplansforwhatyouwanttodowithyourfuture.PredicativeclauseAppositiveclauseItisnosurprisethatbeingone’sownbossisappealingtomanypeople.Also,youwillneedtomakesure(that)anyloansyouhavearerepaidontime.Anotheradvantageisthatyouwill......youmightaskaquestionwhetheryoushouldstartyourownbusiness.AExploringtherulesAExploringtherulesnounthat名词性从句关于连接词连接代词VS连接副词连接代词：who,

whose,

whom,

what,

which本身有词义，在从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、表语、宾语或定语等。连接副词：

when,

where,

why,

how。本身有词义，在从句中充当句子成分，作状语。Step2.连接代词和连接副词的选择1.Tomeagerlyfinishedup_____wasleftinthebowl.2.________willgoisnotimportant.3.Thesenseofsmellcantellpigeons________waytheyshouldgo.4.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s_______youleftit.5.Ihavenoidea________hefoundmyhome.1.连接代词与连接副词既具有___________，又起___________，同时在从句中充当___________.使用的原则是缺什么填什么。2.判断从句中缺______________________成分,就选用___________；从句中不缺成分，则选_____________________________。疑问含义连接作用各种成分Whowhatwherehowwhich

主语/宾语/表语/定语连接代词连接副词/that/if/whether注意：用什么连接词连接从句主要看含义，同时分析句子成分帮助解题。1.—Iwonder______Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.2.Iknow_________walletitisbecausethereisanIDcardinsideit.3.__________oneofthethreecandidateswillbesenttotakepartinthegameisstillunderdiscussion.4.Iamnotsure___________Ishouldgoonadiet5.Doyouknow_________thedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishlie?做题步骤：找从句，看主句；分析从句是否缺必要成分；分析句意。howwhoseWhichwhetherwhere连接词的选用方法

1.分清是哪种名词性从句；2.分析该从句的句子成分:a.如果句子成分齐全则选用连接词that,if,whether;b.如果缺少主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分则选用连接代词;c.如果缺少状语则选用连接副词.3.根据从句所需的具体意义来确定。

用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空：1.Themonitoralwaysthinksof_______hecandoforhisclassmates.

2.

That

is

________

mygrandpa

used

to

live.

3.

That’s

_______he

refused

my

invitation.

4.

I

am

very

interested

in

______

he

has

improved

his

English

in

such

a

short

time.5.

________

we

need

is

more

time.

6.

Please

tell

me

_________you

are

waiting

for.

7.

I

don’t

know

_________

he

will

agree

to

the

plan

or

not.8.Manyteachersholdtheview____teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.whatwherewhyhowWhatwhomwhetherthat1.Iknow________heisanhonestboy.2.Iwanttoknow__________heisanhonestboy.1.that

还是if/whether?总结：1.that和if/whether都不做成分。2.that无意义，引导的名词性从句说的______。if/whther

表“______”的意思，后面的名词性从句指的是

不确定的事，有疑问。thatif/whether事实是否Step3.连接词的选择练习：1.Thereisnodoubt_________theywillcometohelpus.2.Nobodyknows___________itwillraintomorrow.3.Iwonder___________hewillcometomorrow.4.______we’llholdameetingisdecided.5._________we'llholdameetingisnotdecided.thatwhether/ifwhether/ifThatWhther3.what还是that?对比并分析：1._______hesaidhurthismother.2.______ourclasswonthegamemadeusexcited.WhatThatwhat引导主语从句,做said的宾语that引导主语从句,不做任何成分1.what在名词性从句中，充当主语、宾语、表语，表“什么，...的（东西/事情）”。2.that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。练习：①Theschoolisnolonger________itusedtobe.

＝Theschoolisnolongertheone________itusedtobe.②Finallyhetolduseverything________hehadseen.

＝Finallyhetoldus________hehadseen.③Theyarrivedin______wasonceaschool.

④Don'tcare________othersthinkaboutyou.⑤_______thefamoussingerwillcometoourschoolnextweekexcitesallofus.⑥Ithink_______impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.whatthatthatwhatwhatwhatThatwhat①Iwanttoknow______hehastoldyou.②_________madethecallisnotimportant.③____________helikeswillbegiventohim.④_________makesthematterworseisthatitbeginstorain.总结：__________________是指具体的人或物，有特指的含义；_______________________表示任何一个人或事物，有泛指的含义whoWhoeverWhateverWhatwho，whatwhoever,whatever4.what/who与whatever/whoever?1.Idon’tthink_________sheiscoming.2.Itisapity________hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_________heiscareless.4.Thenews________ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.(that)thatthatthat5.that省略还是不省略?that可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that和第一个宾语从句的that可省略名词性从句关于语序1.名词性从句的语序1）Doyouknowwherewillthepartybeheld?()Doyouknowwherethepartywillbeheld?()引导词在从句之______，其他一定用陈述语序：_____________________________________________翻译下列句子我写信感谢你为我所做的一切FT首引导词+主语+谓语+其它I’mwritingtothankyouforwhatyouhavedoneforme.名词性从句形式主语，形式宾语例1.Itisapitythattheydidn’tgetmaried.例2.Itissplendidthatyoupassedtheexam.例3.Itissaidthathehasbeentheremanyyears.例4.Itseemsthattheyhavemadethesamemistakes.Itbe+名词词组(ashame/anhonor/nowonder)+thatItbe+adj(

likely/obvious/ture/natural)+thatItbe+过去分词（thought/expected/announced)+thatIt

seems/appears/happens

+that2.用it作形式主语的主要句型3.用it作形式宾语的主要句型1）动词think,make,feel,consider＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句①Theyconsiderittheirdutythattheyshouldkeeptheclassroomcleanallthetime.②WethinkitnecessarythatweshouldpractisespokenEnglisheveryday.③Let'smakeitarulethatwemustn'tspeakChineseinEnglishclass.3.用it作形式宾语的主要句型2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋宾语从句①Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.②Shedwon’tlikeitifyouarrivelate.3)动词短语seeto/dependon/relyon＋it＋从句Youmaydependonitthathewillturnupintime.名词性从句虚拟语气4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气1)主语从句句型：Itisimportant/necessary/vitalthat...;Itissuggested/required/requested/demandedthat...句型中，谓语常用

“(should＋)动词原形”。1）重要的是他应该知道这个案件。__________________________________________________________________2）有人建议会议延期召开。___________________________________________________________________

Itisimportantthathe(should)knowaboutthiscase.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.在表示建议(suggest,advise,recommend)、要求(demand,insist,require)和命令(order,command)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语部分常用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。注意:suggest（暗示，表明）和insist（坚持说）后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。2)宾语从句的虚拟语气①老师建议我们现在应该休息一下。___________________________________________________________②Thebossinsistedthatthewomanemployee_____(be)innocentandthatshe__________(pay)equally.bepaidwasTheteachersuggestedthatwe(should)havearestnow.3)表语从句中的虚拟语气主语是表示“建议、命令、要求、计划（suggestion,advice,proposal,order,command,request）”等的名词时，表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setoffearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。We’dbetteraccepthissuggestionthatwe(should)startrightnow.我们最好接受他的建议，立刻动身。在名词suggestion,order,demand,command,request,desire,proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。3)同位语从句中的虚拟语气5.宾语从句的时态(1)主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用不同的时态。①I’msurethatshe________(win)thematch.②Canyoutellmewhathe________(do)yesterday?(2)主句是过去时态时，宾语从句要和主句一致，用过去时的相应时态。①Shesaidshe___________(finish)readingthenovelinthreedays.②Shesaidshe___________(finish)readingthenovelthreedaysbefore.willwindidwouldfinishhadfinished(3)宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实，格言，科学真理时，从句时态不受主句限制，用一般现在时。①Theteachersaidthesun_____(be)biggerthanthemoon.②Myteachertoldushigh-speedtrainswerefirstinventedinChinaandthatthey__________(travel）300kilometersperhour.iscantravel6.表语从句中的常见句型①Thereasonisthat.；含义为“__________.”；常与定语从句搭配，构成：Thereasonwhyisthat,②Itisbecause；含义为“____________”，because后接的是“it”发生的原因。③That'swhy；含义为“_____________________，why后接的是“that”导致的结果。④That'swhere;含义为“___________________”。原因是...这是因为...这就是为什么...这就是...的地方练习：完成下列句子①Thereason______heisabsentfromschoolis_____heisill.＝Heisill.That's_____heisabsentfromschool.＝Heisabsentfromschool.That's________heisill.②Thereason____________hegavewas______hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.Thereason_____hedidn’tcometoschooltodaywas_____hewasill.③That's_______theproblemlies.That's_______theproblemliesinwhythatwhybecausethat/whichthatwhythatwherewhat7.同位语从句和定语从句的区别1)TheforeignerexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChinaagain.这位外国人表达了再次来中国的希望。2)I’llrememberthehopethattheforeignerexpressedtome.我将记住那位外国人对我表达的希望。3)WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪听说我不能来？4)Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficultto