高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析

高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解TheatersofthePast

TheGreekTheater

TheatersdevelopedinmanypartsofGreece.AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.Duetothis,actorsplacedemphasisonexaggerated(夸张的)actionandspeech.And,colorfulsymbolicmasksandcostumeswereused.

TheMedievalTheater

TheMedievaltheaterstartedinchurches.That'swhymedievalplayswereaboutBiblestories.Atfirst,itbecameacustomforpriests(牧师)toactoutbriefscenesduringChristmasandEaster.Theseactsattractedlargecrowds.Finallythechurchrefusedtoallowprieststoparticipateinanysucheventsagain,soordinarypeoplebegantheseperformancesoutside.Performancesweresetinthetownsquare,withseveralstagesettingsaroundit.

TheElizabethanTheater

TheEngland'stheaterdevelopedrapidlyintheyearsfollowingthedefeatoftheSpanishNavy.ThedominantfeatureofElizabethantheaterwasthestage.Ithasthreeparts:Theforestageforoutsidescenes;theinnerstageforscenesinsideabuilding;anupperstageorbalconyforvariouspurposes.Thereasonforthisdesignisthattherewerenoscenechanges,orbreaksduringtheplay.Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.Thisledtoamorepoeticscript,andpoetsbecamethemainsourceofscriptwriting.

TheRestorationTheater

Someoftheplaystoldsadstories,butthemajorityoftheplayswerereallyfunny.Manyspecializedmachineswereusedtocreatethescene.Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters(百叶窗)werepaintedwiththescene.（1）WhywereancientGreektheatersbuiltonhills?A.Toholdalargeaudience.B.Tobuildabigandstrongstage.C.Tohaveabettersoundeffect.D.Toemphasizeexaggeratedperformances.（2）Inwhichtheatercouldactors'voicesandspeechhelpcreatescenes?A.TheGreekTheater.B.TheMedievalTheater.C.TheElizabethanTheater.D.TheRestorationTheater.（3）WhatisspecialabouttheRestorationTheater?A.Colorfulmaskswereused.B.Thestagewassmartlydesigned.C.Mostofitsplaysweresorrowful.D.Ordinarypeopleweretheperformers.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个古代的剧院。（1）考查细节理解。根据TheGreekTheater部分中的“AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.”古希腊的剧院建在自然开阔的地方，建在形状方便的山上。这使得一大群人可以一次欣赏一场演出，可知，希腊剧院建在山上是为了让更多的观众可以一起欣赏演出。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据TheElizabethanTheater部分中的“Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.”布景用得很少，所以演员们不得不通过他们的声音和对话来创造一个场景，可知，在TheElizabethanTheater,演员的声音和言语能帮助创造场景。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据TheRestorationTheater部分中的“Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters(百叶窗)werepaintedwiththescene.”舞台是一个非常聪明的想法，因为舞台两侧的大背板上都画着场景)可知，在TheRestorationTheater舞台设计非常巧妙。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解Welcometothe2017UKFestivalAwards

TheUKFestivalAwards&Conferenceisanopportunitytorecognizethehardwork,visionandcreativityofthenation'sbelovedfestivalindustry.

Throughoutthedayoftheevent,theConferenceinvitesnumerousindustryinsiders(行家)todiscusstheissuesmostrelativetothesector,reviewingitsimmediatepastandportendingtothefuture.Theevening'sAwardspresentawiderangeofhonorsacrosscategoriesthataredecidedviaacombinationofpublicvotingandprofessionaljudgments.Sincelaunchingin2004ithasevolvedintoamajoreventatTheRoundhouseinLondon,givingtheindustryachancetocollectivelycelebrateandfondlyreflectupontheachievementsofthepastyear.

Withagourmetdinner,galaawardsceremonyandafter-showparty,itattractsover1,000ofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthebusiness.

Alongwithitssisterevents,theUKFestivalConferenceandtheEuropeanFestivalAwards,TheUKFestivalAwards&ConferenceisownedandproducedbyFestivalAwardsLtd,anindependentcompanyfoundedintheUK.

AwardsincludeBestMajor,Medium-SizedandSmallFestival,BestFamilyFestival,BestOverseasFestival,BestUseofNewTechnology,andofcourse–BestToilets.

Asthefestivalseasonisapproaching,wethoughtit'dbeagoodtimetoreleaseourfreeUKFestivalMarketReportfor2015/2016.Wegatheredthedatainourannualcensus(人口普查)

undertakeninthepreparationstageforlastyear'sUKFestivalAwards.ThelatestUKFestivalMarketReportcanbedownloadedbelow.

IncludedintheReportisabunchofrelatedinformationaboutfestivalgoers:wherethey'refrom,howtheyliketopurchasemusic,whattheyeat,theirattitudestowardsticketprices,howreceptivetheyaretodifferentformsofadvertising,whytheygotofestivalsinthefirstplace,wheretheysleep,andmuchmore.

Wehopeyoufindtheinformationuseful.（1）Whichphraseistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“portending”inparagraph2?A.

gettingdown

B.

addingup

C.

givingway

D.

lookingforward（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.

AnannualcensusisconductedandreleasedintheFestivalB.

TheFestivalAwardsLtd,isresponsiblefornotlessthanthreeevents.C.

Thegalaawardsceremonyattractsonly1.000influentialbusinessmen.D.

Publicvotingplaysaleadingroleindecidingavarietyoffestivalhonors.（3）Wheremostprobablywillyouseethispassage?A.

Inamagazine.

B.

Inanewspaper.

C.

Onawebsite.

D.

InaTVprogram.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了the2017UKFestivalAwards。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Throughoutthedayoftheevent,theConferenceinvitesnumerousindustryinsiders(行家)todiscusstheissuesmostrelativetothesector,reviewingitsimmediatepastandportendingtothefuture.”在活动的当天，会议邀请了许多业内人士来讨论与该行业相关的最重要的问题，回顾其过去的过去，并展望未来。根据reviewingitsimmediatepast和tothefuture.可知划线词的意思是“展望未来”，故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段“Alongwithitssisterevents,theUKFestivalConferenceandtheEuropeanFestivalAwards,TheUKFestivalAwards&ConferenceisownedandproducedbyFestivalAwardsLtd,anindependentcompanyfoundedintheUK.”和第五段中的“AwardsincludeBestMajor,Medium-SizedandSmallFestival,BestFamilyFestival,BestOverseasFestival,BestUseofNewTechnology,andofcourse–BestToilets.”可知，TheFestivalAwardsLtd负责不少于三项活动。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“ThelatestUKFestivalMarketReportcanbedownloadedbelow.”可知，这篇文章最有可能来自一个网址。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

InKorea,itisrudetowearshoesinsidesomeone'shousebecauseitisconsidereddirty.InSaudiArabia,youshouldnotbringfoodtosomeone'shousebecausetakingfoodordrinksuggeststhatyouthinkthehostcannotaffordthemeal.Moreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldaretravellingabroadtostudy,togoonvacation,ortowork,andwhileitcanbeagreatwaytolearnaboutothercultures,theremaybetimeswhentravelersaccidentallyannoytheirhost.

Thesamegesturecanhaveverydifferentmeaningsindifferentcountries.ThegesturemeaningOKintheUnitedStatesmeanssomethingcompletelydifferentinBrazilasEllaYaodiscovered.EllahadtravelledtoBraziltostudyandwaslivingwithahostfamily.Duringdinner,herhostaskedEllaifshewasenjoyingthemeal.Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.

WhiletravellinginThailand,ElizabethBrownlearnedthattherearedifferencesinfoodintheUnitedStatesandThailand.Shestoppedatasmall,family-ownedrestaurantinChiangMaiandorderedspringrolls.Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.Shecomplainedtotheserver.Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy(佳肴)insomecountries.

Allthesemistakescanbeavoidedwithsomeresearchonculturaldifferencesbeforeyougoabroad.However,ifyoudoaccidentallyannoysomeone,quicklyapologize,andlearnfromyourmistake.（1）ForwhatreasondidEllamakeherhostangry?A.

Shespokewithhermouthfull.

B.

Herhostmisunderstoodhergesture.C.

Shedidn'tlikethemealherhostprepared.

D.

Herhostdidn'tlikeusingbodylanguage.（2）WhathappenedtoElizabethBrowninaThairestaurant?A.

Sheateaninsect.

B.

Shewasbadlytreated.C.

Shearguedwiththeserver.

D.

Shelearnedinsectsarewelcomethere.（3）Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Whatmatters

B.

WheninRome

C.

Howtobepolite

D.

Whymakemistakes【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】这是一篇关于风俗文化的文章。文章介绍了在韩国穿着鞋子在家里是不礼貌的和OK这个手势在美国和巴西的不同以及泰国的饮食文化，告诉我们为了避免误会一定要学会你所想去国家的文化即入乡随俗，如果我们不小心触碰到了他们的文化要立刻道歉并改正。（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.可知，她因为嘴里有东西故用手势表示OK，但这个手势在主人所在国家是非常粗鲁的意思，所以主人生气是因为误会了她，故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy(佳肴)insomecountries.可知，昆虫在一些国家也是佳肴，故选D。注意A项错误，文章是说Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.她发现有只昆虫在春卷里，并没有提到她吃了昆虫。（3）主旨大意题。本文讲了不同国家有不同的风俗，并告诉我们要入乡随俗，故B项“WheninRome,DoastheRomansDo”即入乡随俗，适合作文章题目。4．阅读理解

Visitorsmustpresentallcarrieditemsforinspectionuponentry.Afterinspection,allbags,backpacks,umbrella,parcelsandotheritemsasdeterminedbysecurityofficersmustbeleftatthecheckrooms,freeofcharge,closetoeachentrance.Alloversizedbags,backpacksandluggagemustbeleftatthecheckroomsnearthe4thStreetentranceofeithertheEastorWestBuilding.Theseitemswillhavetobex-rayedbeforebeingaccepted.Itemsofvalue,suchaslaptopcomputers,camerasandfurcoats,maynotbeleftinthecheckroomsbutmaybecarriedintothegallery.Weregretthatthemuseumdoesn'thaveenoughspaceforvisitorsitemslargerthan17*26inchesinthegallery.

Additionalsecurityproceduresandchecksmaybetakenaccordingtothedecisionofthegallery.

*Forthesafetyoftheartworksandothervisitors,nothingmaybecarriedonavisitor'sback.Softfront-babycarriersareallowed,butchildrenmaynotbecarriedonshouldersorinachildcarrierwornontheback.Wheelchairsareavailablefreeofchargeneareachcheckroom.

*Smokingisprohibited.Foodanddrinkarenotpermittedoutsidethefoodserviceareas.Unopenedbottledwatermaybecarriedonlyinavisitor'sbag.Cellphonesmaynotbeusedinthegallery.

*Animals,otherthanserviceanimals,arenotpermitted.

*Skateboardingisprohibited.

*Picture-taking(includingvideo)forpersonaluseispermittedexceptinthespecialexhibits.

*Pleasedon'ttouchtheworksofart.（1）Accordingtothetext,whichitemcanbecarriedintothegallery?A.

umbrella

B.

package

C.

Ipad

D.

suitcase（2）Wheninthegallery,whatcanvisitorsdo?A.

Theycancarryopenedbottledwaterintheirbags.

B.

Theycandrinkinsidethefoodserviceareas.C.

Theycantakepicturesforpersonaluseanywhere.

D.

Theymustpayiftheyusewheelchairsforthechildren.（3）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Thepolicesofthegallery

B.

TheartworksofthegalleryC.

Thelocationofthegallery

D.

Thehistoryofthegallery【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了参观博物馆的一些规定。比如，游客携带的物品需要在入口处接受检查；过大的物品不允许带入博物馆；此外，除了服务犬外其他动物不允许进入等等。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Afterinspection,allbags,backpacks,umbrella,parcelsandotheritemsasdeterminedbysecurityofficersmustbeleftatthecheckrooms,freeofcharge,closetoeachentrance.“可知，伞、背包和手提包等都不可以带进国家美术馆。故选C。(2)考查推理判断。根据带星号要点的第二点“Foodanddrinkarenotpermittedoutsidethefoodserviceareas.“可知，不允许饮食服务区以外的食品和饮料，可推知可以饮用饮食服务区内供应的饮料，故选B。(3)考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了艺术展上，参观者需要注意的事项，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

GuesswhatformerAustralianPrimeMinisterKevinRudd,FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergandUnitedStatespresidentDonaldTrump'sgranddaughter,ArabellaKushner,haveincommon?TheybothstudyChineseasasecondlanguage.

AlthoughChineseisknownasoneofthehardestlanguagestolearn,alotofpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsarestudyingitwithhopesofbigbenefits.

Nov2sawmorethan120people,comingfrom105countries,competeinthefinalsofthe12th"ChineseBridge"ChineseProficiencyCompetitionforforeignsecondaryschoolstudents.HeldinZhengzhou,Henanprovince,thefinalswasmainlymadeupofspeechcontestsandtalentshows.ThecontestantsalsovisitedtheShaolinTemple,LongmenGrottoesandotherhistoricalsitesinHenan.

WhilereasonsforlearningChineseweredifferent,acommononewasinterestinthecountry'srichcultureandrapiddevelopment.

Raissa,17,fromtheUnionoftheComoros,developedastrongemotionalconnectionwithChinaafterhergrandmotherwascuredbydoctorsoftheChinesemedicalteaminAfricathreeyearsago.ThisledhertolearnChineseatalocalConfuciusInstitute.

FascinatedbyChineseculture,thecompetitorhastakenpartinactivitiesontraditionalChinesemedicineandfolkartsduringherfirsttriptoChina."MydreamistostudymedicineinChinasothatIcouldcurepatientsliketheChinesedoctorsdid,"shesaid.

ForFeketeMarcellZoltan,17,fromtheHungarian-ChineseBilingualSchool,studyingChinesemaysecurehimafuturejobasaHungariandiplomat(外交官)toChina."Aftergraduationfromhighschool,IwouldliketofurthermystudiesinChina,"hesaid.

RobertDavis,directoroftheChinese-languageprograminChicago'spublicschoolsystem,maygiveyouahint."Chineseisn'tthenewFrench.It'sthenewEnglish,whichiswidelyusedallovertheworld."hetoldCGTN.（1）WhyareMarkZuckerbergandArabellaKushnermentionedinparagraphone?A.ToshowChineseispopular.B.Tointroducethemtothereaders.C.TotellthereaderstheyloveChina.D.TostresstheimportanceoflearningChinese.（2）TheunderlinedwordFascinatedinparagraph6canbereplacedby______.A.AttractedB.EmployedC.InspectedD.Appreciated（3）WhatisthecommonreasonforthecompetitorstolearnChinese?A.It'seasytolearn.B.Theywanttobecomeadoctor.C.Theyhopeforagoodjobaftergraduation.D.TheyhaveinterestinChinesecultureandrapiddevelopment.（4）WhatisRobertDavis'attitudetolearningChinese?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Indifferent.D.Upset.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“TheybothstudyChineseasasecondlanguage.”以及上文可知，前澳大利亚的首相KevinRudd,脸谱CEOMarkZuckerbergand川普的孙女ArabellaKushner,是为了突出他们都在学汉语，从而表明汉语很流行，所以选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的“FascinatedbyChineseculture,thecompetitorhastakenpartinactivitiesontraditionalChinesemedicineandfolkartsduringherfirsttriptoChina.”可知是由于被中国文化吸引，参赛者参加各种有关中医以及民间艺术的活动，所以fascinated表示吸引，故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段“WhilereasonsforlearningChineseweredifferent,acommononewasinterestinthecountry'srichcultureandrapiddevelopment.”可知这些参赛者们学习汉语的共同原因是他们对中国文化和发展感兴趣，所以选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Chineseisn'tthenewFrench.It'sthenewEnglish,whichiswidelyusedallovertheworld.”可知他认为汉语将会像英语一样在全世界广泛应用，所以他对学习汉语的态度是支持的，所以选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

MoreandmorepeopleinAmericaarecelebratingtheIndianholidayDiwali.DiwaliisHindifor"rowoflights".ItisthemostimportantholidayinIndia.

Manypeoplearoundtheworldarebeginningtocelebrateitaswell.TheUnitedStatesisoneoftheplaceswherethefestivalisbecomingmorecommon.DiwalicelebrationscannowbefoundatAmericanlandmarkslikeDisneylandinCaliforniaandNewYorkCity'sTimesSquare.Theyarealsoheldinmanyparksandmuseums.

NeetaBhasincreatedtheTimesSquareevent.ShesaidIndianimmigrantshavefoundgreatsuccessinAmerica.But,shesaid,manyAmericansstilldonotknowmuchaboutIndia.So,shedecidedtoact."Ifeltit'sabouttimethatweshouldtakeIndiatomainstreamAmericaandshowIndia'srichculture,heritage,artsandvarietytotheworld,"shesaid,"andIcouldn'tfindabetterplacethanTimesSquare."

BhasincametotheUnitedStatesfromIndia40yearsago.SheispresidentofASBCommunications,themarketingfirmbehindDiwaliatTimesSquare.Tensofthousandsofpeopleattendtheevent,nowinitsfourthyear.

InIndia,Diwaliisafive-dayharvestfestivalheldjustbeforetheHinduNewYear.TheexactdateschangefromyeartoyearbutDiwaliisalwaysinthefall.Celebrationsincludelightingoillampsorcandlescalled"diyas".

ADiwalicelebrationwilllightupDisneyCaliforniaAdventureParkinAnaheimthisyear.VisitorscanwatchperformancesoftraditionalIndiandancesandtakepartinaBollywooddanceparty.TheeventispartofaFestivalofHolidaysprogramatthethemeparktoshowculturaltraditionsfromaroundtheworld.TheprogramtakesplaceonNovember10ththroughJanuary7th.

SanAntonio,Texas,alsoholdsaDiwalicelebration.Anditisoneofthenation'slargestcelebrations,withmorethan15,000peopleinattendanceeachyear.VisitorscanenjoyIndiandance，foodandfireworks.OrganizersalsoplantofloathundredsoflightedcandlesintheSanAntonioRiver,alongthecity'sfamousRiverWalk.（1）WhichisthemainsymbolintheIndianholidayDiwali?A.

Dances.

B.

Lamps.

C.

Food.

D.

Clothes.（2）WhydidNeetaBhasinsetuptheTimesSquareevent?A.

TomaketheAmericanculturericher.B.

Tocreateanewbusinessforthefirm.C.

TomakeIndianculturebetterknownintheUS.D.

ToshowtheachievementsofIndianimmigrants.（3）WhatdoweknowaboutDiwali?A.

ItisheldinautumninIndia.B.

ItlastsfivedaysinAmerica.C.

Ithasbeenheldfor40yearsinAmerica.D.

IthappensfromNovember10thtoJanuary7thinIndia.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.

DiwaliismainlycelebratedinDisneyParks.B.

ManyAmericancitiescompetetoholdDiwali.C.

IndianHolidayDiwalilightsupAmerica,too.D.

DiwalihasbecomethemostimportantholidayinIndia.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，Diwali在印度语中意为"排灯节"。它是印度最重要的节日。越来越多的美国人庆祝印度的Diwali。（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Celebrationsincludelightingoillampsorcandlescalled‘diyas’.”可知，theIndianholidayDiwali的主要标志是Lamps。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“NeetaBhasincreatedtheTimesSquareevent.ShesaidIndianimmigrantshavefoundgreatsuccessinAmerica.But,shesaid,manyAmericansstilldonotknowmuchaboutIndia.”可知，NeetaBhasin成立了theTimesSquare的活动是为了让印度文化在美国更广为人知。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“InIndia,Diwaliisafive-dayharvestfestivalheldjustbeforetheHinduNewYear.TheexactdateschangefromyeartoyearbutDiwaliisalwaysinthefall.”可知，Diwali在印度的秋天举行。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“MoreandmorepeopleinAmericaarecelebratingtheIndianholidayDiwali.DiwaliisHindifor‘rowoflights’.ItisthemostimportantholidayinIndia.”可知，IndianHolidayDiwali也照亮了美国。它在美国越来越受欢迎。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.

Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardpatternsintowhichtheyreporteachday'sevents.Inotherwords,thereisatraditionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe"standardpatterns"ofthenewsroomseemforeigntomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.

RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey'relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.

Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite(精英),sotheirworktendstoreflectthetraditionalvaluesofthiselite.Thealarmingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn'trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyconflictofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.

Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiums(讨论会)andacredibilityprojectdevotedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassprejudicesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.（1）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

Needsofthereadersallovertheworld.B.

Causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers.C.

Originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.D.

Aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject.（2）Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe______.A.

quitetrustworthy

B.

somewhatconflicting

C.

veryinformative

D.

rathershallow（3）Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir______.A.

workingattitude

B.

traditionallifestyleC.

worldoutlook

D.

educationalbackground（4）Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits______.A.

failuretorealizeitsrealproblem

B.

tendencytohireannoyingreportersC.

likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting

D.

prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，为了解释为什么大众不信任报纸信息，专门做了一个叫新闻可信度项目，结果却是相当得肤浅，大众对报刊的不信任不在于单词拼写错误，语法不对，而是新闻记者和普通读者之间世界观的冲突。（1）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述，为了解释为什么大众不信任报纸信息，专门做了一个叫新闻可信度项目，结果却是相当得肤浅，大众对报刊的不信任不在于单词拼写错误，语法不对，而是新闻记者和普通读者之间世界观的冲突，因此本文解释了大众不信任报纸的原因，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,”可知，很悲伤的是，这个项目结果却是很多肤浅的发现，比如事实性的错误，单词拼写和语法错误等，因此可知，作者对这个项目的结果很失望，觉得发现很肤浅，故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Thealarmingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn'trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyconflictofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.”可知，对新闻媒体不信任不在于信息的不准确和匮乏，而是记者和读者之间世界观的冲突，故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassprejudicesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.”可知，新闻媒体似乎没有抽出时间去关注文化和阶级的偏见，而这些问题是之前很多读者就一直在抱怨的，故可知，报刊行业依然没有让人满意在于没有认真去关注问题，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行分析推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

ThomasCheathamhadplannedtostudyLatinduringhistimeatHebronHighSchoolinTexas.ButwhenhelearnedthattheschooldistrictwasgoingtoofferaMandarin(普通话)class,hequicklychangedhismind.

"IthoughtMandarinwouldbemorebeneficialthanLatin,"saidCheatham,whoisnowinhissecondyearofstudyingthelanguage.

HespeaksMandarintoorderfoodatChineserestaurantsandcanreadsocialmediapostsfromhisChinese-speakingfriends.Whileit'sadifficultlanguagetomaster,thehighschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksitwillbeimportantforhiscareer."Chineseisagoodlanguagetoknow,especiallywithChinabecomingagrowingpower,"hesaid.

Manyexpertsagreethatproficiency(熟练)inalanguagespokenbyabillionpeopleworldwidewillgiveAmericanstudentsanedgeintheglobaleconomy.

"PeoplearelookingatChinaasournexteconomiccompetitor,andinterestinMandarinisgrowingfast,"saidMartyAbbott,directoroftheAmericanCouncil(议会)ontheTeachingofForeignLanguages."We'reseeingitinallpartsofthecountry."

Abbottpredictsthatasmanyas100,000studentsarenowstudyingMandarininpublicandprivateschoolsthroughouttheUS.ShesaidtheUSgovernmenthasdesignated(指定)Mandarinasan"importantneeds"languageandprovidesprofessionaldevelopmentprogramsforteachers."Ourgovernmentwantstoincreaseourlanguageabilityfornationalsecurityandeconomiccompetitiveness,"Abbottadded.

Atthesametime,theChinesegovernmentisspreadingknowledgeoftheChineselanguageandculturethroughConfuciusInstitutessetupinmanyUSstates.Forexample,theConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofTexasinDallashasbeenthehomeofaConfuciusInstitutefor10years.ItsponsorsConfuciusClassroomsat21localpublicandprivateschools,wheretensofthousandsofstudentsarelearningMandarin.（1）WhydidThomasCheathamdecidetostudyMandarininsteadofLatin?A.

MandarinwaseasiertolearnthanLatin.B.

Mandarin