高考英语二轮复习（全国版）阅读理解与阅读七选五之体裁微解-应用文

第5讲体裁微解——应用文

I题型分析

1一""""二_____________________________________

应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品

说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异（如图示、表格等），措辞简洁明了，直极了

当，其目的是向读者传输信息。主要具有以下特点：

选材信息量大，文句精炼，形式灵活，用最少的篇幅传达最大量的信息。

生活化，实用化，多样化。如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启事、招生

内容

招聘等。

标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类题目符号使文章结构更加

形式

鲜明。

语言人名、地名、专用名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完整。

其命题角度主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、

命题

类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。

I解题策略

1_________________________________________________________

高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，也应该在整体把握文

章结构的前提下，重点注意细节信息，细节题题干都是相应原文的变形（如同义句改写，词性

转换等），因此，要想找到答案就一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。

做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可以达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要

特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心

或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：

策略指导技法解读

先题后文先读题目，了解考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。

根据题干关键词找到文中答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下；问题与原文相

题干定向

同，对号入座，通过同义替换、归纳事实等方法确定答案。

生词模糊遇到生词，如无关答题，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。

信息补全对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。

r感悟真题,体验技法」

（2022•全国甲・A）

TheatresandEntertainment

StDavidysHall

StDavid'sHallistheawardwinningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingatthevery

heartofCardiff'sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2；000-seatconcerthalLStDavid*sHall

ishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.ltpresentsliveentertainment,includingpop,rock,folk,

jazz,musicals,dance»worldmusic,filmsandclassicalmusic.

TheHayes,CardiffCFlOIAH

www.sldavidshaHcardin.co.uk

TheGleeClub

Everyweekendthisis“Wales“premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorder

forbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.ltishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn'tbeenonthe

stagehere.Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstart

here.

MermaidQuay,CardiffBay,CardiffCF105BZ

www.glee.co.uk/cardiff

ShermanCymru

ShermanCymru'stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2O12.This

specialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren*artists,writersandanyone

elsehavetheopporiunity（8l会）todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapacked

programmeoftheverybesttheatre,dance,familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestofthe

world.

SenghennyddRoad,CardiffCF244YE

www.shermancymru.co.uk

NewTheatre

TheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicals,danceandchildren'sshows

formorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK's

touringshows,theNewTheatreisCardiff,soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.Besuretopaya

visitaspartofyourstayin（hecity.

ParkPlace,CardiffCF103LN

www.newthcatrccardiff.co.uk

语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了威尔士首府的四家剧院及其特色。

21.WhereistheWelshPromsCardiffhosted?

A.AttheNewTheatre.

B.AttheGleeClub.

C.AlShermanCymru.

D.AtStDavid'sHall.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据StDavid1sHall部分中的“SiDavid'sHallishometotheannual

WelshPromsCardiff"可知，Cardiff的WelshProms活动在StDavid'sHall举办、。故选D。

22.WhatcanpeopledoattheGleeClub?

A.Watchmusicals.

B.Enjoycomedies.

C.Seefamilyshows.

D.Docreativethings.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据TheGleeClub部分中的“Ifyouarclookingforthebestcomedieson

tourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere.M可知，人们可以在TheGleeClub欣赏喜剧。

故选Bo

23.WhichwebsitecanyouvisittolearnaboutCardiff'soldestsurvivingtheatre?

A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk

B.www.shcrmancymru.co.uk

C.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff

D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据NewTheatre部分中的“PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwith

(hepickoftheUK*stouringshows,theNewTheatreisCardiffrsoldestsurvivingtraditional

theatre.v及其下面的网址“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，选A。

随堂演练

1I__________________________________

A

Paraglidingisakindofflying,butinsteadofthewingbeingmadeofmetal»woodorplastic,

i(ismadeofnylonorpolyester.Thewingisattached(oaharnessbylineswhereapilotsi(s>similar

toaparachute.

Isitsafe?

Paraglidingisassafeassailinganddeep-seadiving.Thebigadvantageisthatit'sprobablythe

slowestformofaviation,soifyoudocrash,you'11hitthegroundquitegently!It'saveryrelaxing

sportasyou'remostlysittingdown.Yet,you'IIprobablyexperiencepaininsomemusclesyou

didn'tknowyouhadwhilelearning,butmanyofthosewillbeduetothewalkupthetraininghill

tolaunch.

WheredoIlearn?

Therearelotsofschools,mainlybasedinlandbyappropriatehillsormountainstandthereare

alsoschoolsonthecoastnearspectacularcliffs.Theseareveryattractive»thoughtheprospectof

landingintheseaseemstodiscouragebeginners!Ittakessevendaystogetyourbasiclicense：then

you*rcfreetoflyindependentlyatsitesacrossthecountry.

WhatdoIneed?

Pilotsnormallywearwarmclothesincasetheygetveryhighup,andahelmetincasethey

stumbleonlanding.Intermsofgear,schoolssupplybasictraining,canopies»harnesses>

etc.However»you'11probablywanttobuyyourownmoresophisticatedequipment,whichyou'

IIbeabletochoosemuchbetteronceyou'vetriedsomeoutonyourcourse.

Whocandoit?

There'snoupperagelimitprovidedyourinstructorjudgesyoucapable,buttheyoungestis

14.Anybodywithgoodeyesightandgoodbalanceisapotentialparagliderpilot.

Flyingaparagliderisagreatsport.Wchopetoseeyouintheairwithusthisseason!

语篇解读本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了什么是高空滑翔及学习高空滑翔的一些信息。

1.WhichwouldbethebestheadingforparagraphI?

A.Whatisparagliding?

B.Whoinventedparagliding?

C.Howisparaglidingspecial?

D.Whyisparaglidingpopular?

答案A

解析段落大意题。根据第一段可知，本段主要描述了什么是高空滑翔。故选A。

2.Accordingtothepassage,paraglidingis.

A.excitingbuttiring

B.sateandrelaxing

C.attractivebutexpensive

D.fastandchallenging

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据Isitsafe?部分的“Paraglidingisassafeassailinganddeep-sea

diving."及“It'saveryrelaxingsportasyou,remostlysittingdownZ,可知，高空滑翔是一项

既安全又放松的运动。故选B项。

3.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.Fitpeopleofanyagecantakeupparagliding.

B.Mostparaglidingschoolsaresituatedby（hesea.

C.Pilotsneedtobuybasicequipmentontheirtrainingcourse.

D.Learnerscanflyontheirownafteratleastaweek5straining.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据WheredoIlearn?部分的“Itlakessevendaysto...thenyou,refreeto

flyindependently可知，需要经过至少一周的训练，学员才可以独立飞行。故选D。

B

（2022•河南中原名校联盟适应性联考）

★LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL

Grades：Preschool—Grade8

LCDS.org・703-777-3841

Award-winningschoolfeaturesalowstudent-teacherratio（比率）.Coursesincludeart,

STEM（Scicncc,Technology,Engineering,Mathematics）,computerprogramming,languages,

athleticstinstruments,BYOT（BringYourOwnTechnology）：one-to-oneprograminfourththrough

eighthgrades.lt'sfamousforitsuniquefieldtrips.

★NYSMITHSCHOOL

Grades：3years-Grade8

N・703-552-2912

Top10intheworld,fun,award-winningprogram,upto4gradelevelsofdiversification（多

样化）inreadingandmathclasses,dailyscience,computers,logic,foreignlanguages,much

more.I:9ratio.Minimal（最少的）homework.Hands-onexperimentallearning,agreatattraction

forstudentsacrossthecountry.2014TommyAwardfromT.ItorthespecialachievementofNysmith

Alumni.

★FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS

Grades：6—12

FusionTysonsC•866-461-8039

FusionAcademyisaprivatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallclassesareone-to-one：one

studentandoneteacherperclassroom.Here，positiverelationshipsunlockstudents'

potential.Schedulingispersonalized,andnohomeworkgoeshome.ComesoontoTysons,Virginia,

andachieveschool&lifebalance.

★RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMY

Grades：6—12,Postgraduate

,540-636-5484

R-MAisacollcgc-prcpboardingschoolwithAirForceJROTC,devotedtodeveloping

studentsofacademicachievement,leadership,andresponsiblecitizenship.Withsmaller

classes-onaverage»14—17studentsperclass—studentsatR-MAfindthemselvesbuildingtheir

confidencebecauseourteacherscareabouteachsludeni.Graduatingclasseshavea100%college

acceptancerateandaverageover$56.6millionincollegescholarshipsofferseachyear.

语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文聿主要介绍了四所学校的情况，包括年级、联系方式和学校

特电等信息。

4.WhatmakesLCDSdifferentfromtheothers?

A.Fieldtrips.

B.Avarietyofcourses.

C.One-to-oneclasses.

D.Award-winningprograms.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据★LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL部分中的“Wsfamousfor

itsuniquefieldtrips."可知，它以独特的实地考察旅行而闻名。由此可知，LOUDOUN乡村走

读学校与其他学校的不同之处在于它提供实地考察旅行。故选Ao

5.WhyisNYSMITHSCHOOLpopularamongstudents?

A.Ithasnohomework.

B.Itistheworld'sbestschool.

C.ItisafrequentwinneroftheTommyAward.

D.Ilgivesthemachance(olearnfromexperience.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据★NYSMITHSCHOOL部分中的“Hands-onexperimentalIcaming,a

greatattractionforstudentsacross(hecountry.M可知，动手实脸学习，对全国各地的学生有很

大的吸引力。由此可知，NYSMITH学校之所以吸引学刍，是因为它给了他们一个从经脸中

学习的机会。故选D。

6.Whichschoolspecializesinpersonalizededucation?

A.LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL.

B.NYSMITHSCHOOL.

C.FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS.

D.RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMY.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据★FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS部分中的“FusionAcademyisa

privatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallclassesarcone-to-one...Schedulingispersonalized,and

nohomeworkgoeshome.”可知，FusionAcademy是一所以立中学和高中，所有班级都是一对

一的。日程安排是个性化的，回家没有家庭作业。由此可知，FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS

学校擅长个性化教育。故选C。

强化练(十一)应用文

A

Thesedestinationsmarchtothebeatoftheirowndrum.Soputonyourdancingshoesandhead

tothesesweet-soundingcities.

NewOrleans

IntheI9lhcentury,s'avesgatheredonSundaystoplaydrums,dance,andsinginCongo

Square.ThoselivelyrhythmsofAfricaranheadonwiththesoundsofEuropetocreatejazz,a

typicalAmericanartformthathasinspiredgenerationsofAmericansandspreadarour.dthe

globe.Butthisisn*tsuit-wearing»head-nodding»politejazz.NewOrleansjazzsweepsyouoffyour

feetandmakesyoujumpandclapandsingalong.

Chicago

LargenumbersofAfrican-AmericanslefttheSouthinsearchofbelteropportunitiesduring

1916—1970andChicagoattractedscoresofthesepeople,whobroughtwiththem(hesoundofthe

MississippiRiver.Here,itchangedintosomethingsadandsymphonic：blues.Blueswasnotbornin

Chicago,butitwasherethati(foundanewvoiceandbegantospreaditsmessagearoundthe

world.

Memphis

Memphisisthebirthplaceofrockandroll.ItwashereinSunStudiosinthesummerof1951

thatIkeTurnerandhisbandtheDeltaCatsrecorded“Rocket88"，widelyregardedasthefirst

rockandrollsong.But,likesomanygreatthings,ithappenedbyaccidentthattheguitarist*s

loudspeakerbrokedownduring(herecording,creatingauniqueguitarsoundthatwouldbecomea

hallmarkofthemusic.Peopledidn'tknowhowtoclassifyil,buttheyknewtheylovedit.Thcrest

ishistory.

NewYorkCity

NewYorkisoneoftheworld*sgreatestcitieswhereyoucanlistentoallkindsofmusic.But

toexperienceatrueNewYorkstateofmind,youhavetoleavetheshinylowersandBroadway

showsofManhattanandheadtoHarlem,theBronx,Brooklyn,andQueenstoexplorethecity'

ship-hophistory.

语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了爵士、布鲁斯、摇滚及嘻哈乐的起源及特色。

1.WhatdoNewOrleansjazzandChicagoblueshaveincommon?

A.Theysoundverysad.

B.Theyhavesimilarorigin.

C.Theyhappenedbyaccident.

D.Theyareplayedontheguitar.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据、e\vOrleans一节中的第二句及Chicago一节中的第一、二句可推

断，爵士及布鲁斯音乐的起源很相似：都是源于美国。故选B。

2.Whenwasrockandrollbom?

A.In（he19thcentury.

B.Inthelate19thcentury.

C.Intheearly20thcentury.

D.Inthemid-20thcentury.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据Memphis一节中的第二句可知，摇滚乐是在20世纪中期诞生的。

故选D。

3.WhatareHarlemandQueensknownfor?

A.Blues.B.Jazz.

C.Hip-hop.D.Rockandroll.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据NewYorkCity一节中的第二句可知，哈莱姆区和皇后区以唯哈文

化而著名。故选C。

B

Scientificeducationaltoyscandevelopkid'sreasoning,problem-solvingandcriticalthinking

capacityandimprovetheirhand-eyecoordination（协调）.Butthemostpowerfulthingisthatthe

childrenwillassociatelearningwithfun.Thatmeanstheywillgrowintoadultswithathirstfor

knowledgeandahighlydevelopedsetofskillsforlearning.Herearesomeofthebest：

•ScienceKit

Youcanguaranteetwothingsifyoubuyyourkidsone：alotoffunandalotofmess.lt*sa

20-piecekitthatteachesthebasicsofchemicalreactions.ltsrecommendedforkidsaged6and

above»withadultcompany.Youdon'thavetobeascientist,sincethereisanactivitybookwith

instructionsfbrpossibleexperiments.

•MiniTerraKit

Youdon'thavetowaitforthesuntocomeouttoteachkidsaboutthenaturalworld.This

all-inclusivekitisaminiaturegardenthatsimulatesanaturalenvironmentbyusingapowerful

LEDlight.ltincludesaterrariumjar,light-upjarlid,MicroUSBcharger,andallthenatural

ingredientstogetstarted.ltalsohasasimpleinstructionbookletthatyoucanworkthroughwith

yourkids.

•GravityRun

Thisclassicisnotjustaboutbuildingastructureandwatchingthemarblesgoupand

down.Thegamesaredesignedtorkidsaged8十todevelopspatialawareness,planning,and

reasoning.With60challenges(beginnertoexpert),thisaward-winninggamecanbeenjoyedbyall

thefamily.Theexpertlevelsareactuallyquitechallenging,sobepreparedforsomefailures.

WeRoKit

Thisprize-winningrobottoyfeaturesover840pieces,aWeRoMoveHuh,InteractiveMoto,

andaDistanceSensor.Youcanbuikiitinto5completelydifferentrobots,meaningendlessfunfor

thekidsandevenadults.Oncethey'vebuiltthecharacteroftheirchoice,theycanprogrammeitto

performcountlesstasksincludingwalkingandtalkingonitsown.

语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种有助于培养孩子们思维和动手能力的玩具。

4.Whatisthegreateststrengthofscientificeducationaltoys?

A.Trainingyoungscientists.

B.Stimulatinglearningdesire.

C.Developinghand-eyeccordination.

D.Buildingupproblem-solvinghabits.

答案B

解析细节理解题。从首段第二句可知，科学教育玩具的最大优势是将玩和学联系起来，即

激发孩子的学习欲望。故选B。

5.Whichtoysuitskidswhoenjoygrowingplants?

A.ScienceKit.B.MiniTerraKit.

C.GravityRun.D.WeRoKit.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据MiniTerraKit部分的前三句可知，MiniTerraKit这个玩具可以让

孩子接触自然世界。因此适合喜欢植物的孩子。故选B。

6.WhatisspecialaboutWeRoKit?

A.Ilhasdifferentlevels.

B.Itistheonlyprize-winner.

C.Itrequiresparentalguidance.

D.Itinvolvesprogrammingskills.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据WeRoKit部分的第三句可知，WeRoKil的特别之处在于它涉及编

程技能。故选D。

C

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OurgroupwillgatherinAmsterdamandspendthefirstnightintheancientDutchcityof

Haarlembeforepickingupthewell-traveledNordzccroutcbikeroutc.Thisprotected»coastalpath

windsitswayalongthecoastoftheNorthSeafbrnearly300miles,pastwindmillsandover

banks.We?11makeourwaythroughcharmingDutchandBelgiantownsandcrosstheborderinto

France.OnceinFrance,we'11ridequietcounti-yroadsthroughsmallvillages,enjoyingthemany

delightsofruralFrenchlifealongourway.We,11continuesouthtoChantillyandtakeatraininto

spendadayintheCityofLight.

RuralFrance,GermanysBlackForest&theBodensee

FromParis,wecontinueeastthroughthevineyard（葡萄园）coveredhillsoftheChampagne

region,intothegreenvalleysofAlsace-Lorraine,andthenontoStrasbourg,rightonFrance's

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