考研外语2025年英语二阅读专项训练试卷（含答案）

考研外语2025年英语二阅读专项训练试卷（含答案）考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______模拟试卷PartADirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theriseoftheso-called"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,thegigeconomyencompassesawiderangeofactivities,fromride-sharingandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesign.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andUpworkconnectserviceproviderswithcustomers,facilitatingthisflexibleyetoftenprecariousformofwork.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyoffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstochoosetheirownhours,projects,andoftenworkremotely.Thisflexibilityisparticularlyappealingtothosewhovalueautonomyandwishtobalanceworkwithothercommitments,suchaseducationorcaregiving.Furthermore,thegigeconomyprovidesopportunitiesforpeopletoearnincomewithouttheneedfortraditionalemployment,includingtheunemployed,underemployed,andthoseinremotelocations.However,criticspointoutthatthelackofjobsecurityandbenefits,suchashealthinsuranceandretirementplans,posessignificantriskstogigworkers.Thetransientnatureofgigworkmeansthatincomecanbeunpredictable,makingfinancialplanningchallenging.Moreover,gigworkersoftenlacktheprotectionsaffordedtotraditionalemployees,suchasminimumwageguarantees,overtimepay,andtherighttounionize.Theseconcernshaveledtogrowingcallsforgreaterregulationtoprotectgigworkers'rightswhilestillpreservingtheflexibilitythatthegigeconomyoffers.Thefutureofthegigeconomyremainsuncertain,butitsimpactonthelabormarketisundeniable.Astechnologycontinuestoevolveandchanginglifestylesdemandmoreflexibleworkarrangements,thegigeconomyislikelytocontinueitsgrowthtrajectory.Whetherthisgrowthwillbenefitworkers,employers,orsocietyasawholeisaquestionthatremainstobeseen,andonethatwillrequireongoingdebateandpotentiallynewmodelsofworkandregulation.Questions:1.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofthegigeconomymentionedinthepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whatisoneofthemainadvantagesofthegigeconomy?3.Whataresomeoftherisksassociatedwithgigworkthatcriticshighlight?4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutthefutureofthegigeconomy?Passage2Climatechangeisarguablyoneofthemostpressingchallengesfacinghumanitytoday.Itseffectsarefar-reachingandincluderisingglobaltemperatures,meltingicecaps,morefrequentandsevereweatherevents,anddisruptionstoecosystems.Thescientificconsensusisoverwhelming:humanactivities,particularlytheburningoffossilfuels,deforestation,andindustrialprocesses,aretheprimarydriversofclimatechange.Theconsequencesofinactionaredire.Risingsealevelsthreatencoastalcommunitiesandlow-lyingareas,potentiallydisplacingmillionsofpeople.Moreextremeweatherevents,suchashurricanes,droughts,andwildfires,cancausesignificanteconomicdamageandlossoflife.Furthermore,climatechangeexacerbatesexistingproblems,suchaspovertyandresourcescarcity,disproportionatelyaffectingvulnerablepopulationsindevelopingcountries.Addressingclimatechangerequiresamultifacetedapproach.Onthetechnologicalfront,investinginrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower,improvingenergyefficiency,anddevelopingcarboncapturetechnologiesarecrucialsteps.Policy-wise,governmentsneedtoimplementmeasuressuchascarbonpricing,subsidiesforgreentechnologies,andregulationstoreduceemissions.Additionally,individualactions,thoughsmallerinscale,collectivelycontributetoalargerimpact,fromreducingenergyconsumptionandwastetosupportingsustainablepractices.Whilethechallengeisimmense,thereishope.Therapidadvancementofgreentechnologiesandthegrowingawarenessoftheissueamongthepublicandpolicymakersofferapromisingpathforward.However,thepaceofchangemustaccelerateifwearetoavoidtheworstimpactsofclimatechange.Collaborationacrossborders,sectors,andgenerationsisessentialtoforgeasustainablefuturefortheplanet.Questions:5.Whatistheprimarycauseofclimatechangeaccordingtothepassage?6.Whataresomeofthepotentialconsequencesofclimatechange?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemaincomponentsofaddressingclimatechange?8.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessarytoeffectivelycombatclimatechange?Passage3Theconceptof"well-being"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,movingbeyondtraditionalmeasuresofeconomicsuccesslikeGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)toencompassabroaderrangeoffactorsrelatedtoindividualandsocietalhealth.Well-beingistypicallyunderstoodasapositivestateofbeing,characterizedbyhappiness,lifesatisfaction,andtheabsenceofnegativeemotions.Itencompassesvariousdimensions,includingphysicalhealth,mentalhealth,socialrelationships,andpersonalresilience.Researchinthefieldofpositivepsychologyhasidentifiedseveralkeyfactorsthatcontributetowell-being.Strongsocialconnections,characterizedbymutualsupport,trust,andbelonging,areperhapsthemostcrucial.Engaginginmeaningfulactivitiesthatalignwithone'svaluesandtalentsalsoplaysasignificantrole.Additionally,practicessuchasmindfulness,gratitude,andself-compassionhavebeenshowntoenhancewell-being.Physicalhealth,includingregularexerciseandabalanceddiet,isanotherimportantcomponent.Thepursuitofwell-beingisnotwithoutchallenges.Modernsocietyoftenemphasizescompetition,materialism,andconstantproductivity,whichcanunderminewell-being.Thepressuresofwork,financialworries,andsocialcomparisoncanleadtostress,anxiety,andasenseofburnout.Furthermore,systemicissuessuchasinequalityandsocialinjusticecannegativelyimpactwell-beingonabroaderscale.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresbothindividualeffortsandsocietalchanges.Ultimately,well-beingisasubjectiveanddynamicstatethatvariesacrossindividualsandcontexts.However,byrecognizingitsimportanceandactivelyengaginginpracticesthatfosterwell-being,individualscanleadmorefulfillingandmeaningfullives.Societycanalsoplayarolebypromotingwell-beingasacorevalueandcreatingenvironmentsthatsupportmentalandphysicalhealth.Questions:9.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheconceptof"well-being"?10.Whataresomeofthekeyfactorsthatcontributetowell-beingasidentifiedbypositivepsychologyresearch?11.Whatchallengesdoesthepursuitofwell-beingfaceinmodernsociety?12.Whatistheauthor'sfinalmessageaboutwell-being?Passage4Thedigitalrevolutionhasfundamentallytransformedhowweaccess,consume,andshareinformation.Theinternet,smartphones,andsocialmediaplatformshavemadeknowledgemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore,democratizingaccesstoinformationandempoweringindividualsinunprecedentedways.However,thisrevolutionhasalsobroughtaboutnewchallenges,includingthespreadofmisinformation,privacyconcerns,andthepotentialfordigitaldivides.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsofthedigitalrevolutionhasbeenoneducation.Onlinelearningplatforms,digitaltextbooks,andeducationalappshaveexpandededucationalopportunities,allowingstudentstolearnattheirownpaceandaccessresourcesfromanywhereintheworld.Theabilitytocollaborateandcommunicateonlinehasalsotransformedhowstudentsandeducatorsinteract.Despitethesebenefits,concernsremainaboutthequalityofonlineeducation,thedigitalliteracyofstudents,andtheneedforeffectiveonlineteachingstrategies.Thedigitalrevolutionhasalsoreshapedtheworkplace.Remoteworkhasbecomemorefeasible,allowingemployeestoworkfromhomeandcompaniestoaccessaglobaltalentpool.Digitaltoolsandtechnologieshaveincreasedproductivityandefficiency,enablingbusinessestooperateandinnovateinnewways.However,theriseofautomationhasalsoraisedconcernsaboutjobdisplacementandtheneedforworkerstoadapttonewrolesandskillrequirements.Aswecontinuetonavigatethedigitalrevolution,itisessentialtoaddressitschallengeswhileharnessingitsopportunities.Promotingdigitalliteracy,ensuringequitableaccesstotechnology,anddevelopingethicalframeworksfordigitalengagementarecrucialsteps.Bydoingso,wecancreateafuturewherethebenefitsofthedigitalrevolutionaresharedwidely,contributingtoamoreinformed,connected,andprosperoussociety.Questions:13.Whathasbeenthemostsignificantimpactofthedigitalrevolutiononeducation?14.Howhasthedigitalrevolutionreshapedtheworkplace?15.Whataresomeofthechallengesassociatedwiththedigitalrevolution?16.Whatstepsarenecessarytoensurethebenefitsofthedigitalrevolutionaresharedwidely?PartBDirections:Youarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsbasedonthefollowingoutline.YourcompositionshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplearechoosingtoworkfromhome.Thistrendhasbroughtaboutvariouschangesanddiscussions.Somepeoplebelieveitoffersconvenienceandflexibility,whileothersareconcernedaboutpotentialdrawbacks.Writeyourcompositionbydiscussingboththeadvantagesanddisadvantagesofworkingfromhomeandgiveyourownopinion.PartCDirections:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan80words.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinsustainableliving,whichreferstolifestylesthataimtoreduceone'senvironmentalimpact.Thisincludespracticessuchasreducingconsumption,reusingproducts,recyclingwaste,andconservingenergy.Themotivationbehindsustainablelivingistominimizethedepletionofnaturalresourcesandmitigatetheeffectsofclimatechange.Proponentsarguethatindividualactions,thoughsmall,cancollectivelymakeasignificantdifference.Theyencouragepeopletoadoptamoreconsciousandresponsibleapproachtotheirdailylives,fromthefoodtheyeattotheproductstheypurchase.Whilethetransitiontoafullysustainablelifestylecanbechallenging,thelong-termbenefitsfortheplanetandfuturegenerationsareundeniable.Governmentsandbusinessesalsoplayacrucialroleinpromotingsustainablepracticesandcreatingamoresustainablefuture.---试卷答案PartAQuestions:1.C*解析思路：*文章第一段明确指出，“thegigeconomy”的核心特征是“short-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs”，即短期合同或自由职业，而非永久性工作。选项C（短期合同或自由职业的工作形式）与原文信息最符合。2.A*解析思路：*文章第二段首句即提出，“Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyoffersunparalleledflexibility”，即支持者认为零工经济提供了无与伦比的灵活性。选项A（无与伦比的灵活性）直接对应原文观点。3.B*解析思路：*文章第三段重点阐述了批评者的观点，即“lackofjobsecurityandbenefits,suchashealthinsuranceandretirementplans”（缺乏工作保障和福利，如健康保险和退休计划）是零工工作的主要风险。选项B（缺乏工作保障和福利）概括了原文的核心风险。4.D*解析思路：*文章最后一段指出，“Thefutureofthegigeconomyremainsuncertain,butitsimpactonthelabormarketisundeniable”以及“Whetherthisgrowthwillbenefitworkers,employers,orsocietyasawholeisaquestionthatremainstobeseen”。作者认为零工经济的未来尚不确定，其影响不可否认，但这个增长是否会惠及工人、雇主或整个社会，则是一个尚待解决的问题。选项D（其未来尚不确定，且其影响是整体性的，但最终影响如何仍有待观察）最能体现原文的辩证观点。Passage2Questions:5.A*解析思路：*文章第二段明确说明，“Thescientificconsensusisoverwhelming:humanactivities,particularlytheburningoffossilfuels,deforestation,andindustrialprocesses,aretheprimarydriversofclimatechange”。即科学界的共识是，人类活动，特别是燃烧化石燃料、森林砍伐和工业过程，是气候变化的主要驱动因素。选项A（人类活动，特别是燃烧化石燃料、森林砍伐和工业过程）与原文信息一致。6.C*解析思路：*文章第三段列举了气候变化的潜在后果，包括“risingsealevelsthreatencoastalcommunitiesandlow-lyingareas,potentiallydisplacingmillionsofpeople”、“Moreextremeweatherevents,suchashurricanes,droughts,andwildfires,cancausesignificanteconomicdamageandlossoflife”以及“climatechangeexacerbatesexistingproblems,suchaspovertyandresourcescarcity”。选项C（海平面上升威胁沿海社区、极端天气事件造成破坏、加剧贫困和资源稀缺问题）概括了原文提到的多个后果。7.B*解析思路：*文章第四段阐述了应对气候变化的方法，包括“technologicalfront,investinginrenewableenergysources...improvingenergyefficiency...”、“policy-wise,governmentsneedtoimplementmeasuressuchascarbonpricing...regulationstoreduceemissions”以及“individualactions,fromreducingenergyconsumption...supportingsustainablepractices”。选项B（技术投资、政策实施和个人行动）概括了原文提到的三个主要组成部分。8.A*解析思路：*文章最后一段指出，“Thepaceofchangemustaccelerateifwearetoavoidtheworstimpactsofclimatechange”以及“Collaborationacrossborders,sectors,andgenerationsisessentialtoforgeasustainablefuture”。作者强调需要加快变革速度，并且需要跨边境、跨领域、跨代际的合作。选项A（需要加快变革速度并加强跨领域合作）最能体现原文的核心建议。Passage3Questions:9.C*解析思路：*文章第一段定义了“well-being”，指出它“istypicallyunderstoodasapositivestateofbeing,characterizedbyhappiness,lifesatisfaction,andtheabsenceofnegativeemotions.Itencompassesvariousdimensions,includingphysicalhealth,mentalhealth,socialrelationships,andpersonalresilience”。即幸福感，生活满意度以及没有负面情绪的积极状态，包括身体健康、心理健康、社会关系和个人韧性等各个方面。选项C（一种积极的状态，包括幸福感、生活满意度、身体健康、心理健康、社会关系和个人韧性等多个方面）最能概括原文定义。10.E*解析思路：*文章第二段列举了积极心理学研究的发现，包括“Strongsocialconnections...areperhapsthemostcrucial”、“Engaginginmeaningfulactivitiesthatalignwithone'svaluesandtalentsalsoplaysasignificantrole”、“practicessuchasmindfulness,gratitude,andself-compassionhavebeenshowntoenhancewell-being”以及“Physicalhealth,includingregularexerciseandabalanceddiet,isanotherimportantcomponent”。选项E（强大的社会联系、有意义的活动、正念等实践以及身体健康）概括了原文提到的几个关键因素。11.D*解析思路：*文章第三段讨论了追求幸福感的挑战，指出“Modernsocietyoftenemphasizescompetition,materialism,andconstantproductivity,whichcanunderminewell-being”以及“thepressuresofwork,financialworries,andsocialcomparisoncanleadtostress,anxiety,andasenseofburnout”。此外还提到“systemicissuessuchasinequalityandsocialinjusticecannegativelyimpactwell-beingonabroaderscale”。选项D（现代社会强调竞争、物质主义和持续生产力，导致压力、社会比较以及系统性不平等和歧视问题）概括了原文提到的主要挑战。12.B*解析思路：*文章最后一段总结道，“Ultimately,well-beingisasubjectiveanddynamicstatethatvariesacrossindividualsandcontexts.However,byrecognizingitsimportanceandactivelyengaginginpracticesthatfosterwell-being,individualscanleadmorefulfillingandmeaningfullives.Societycanalsoplayarolebypromotingwell-beingasacorevalueandcreatingenvironmentsthatsupportmentalandphysicalhealth”。即幸福感是主观且动态的，但通过认识其重要性并积极参与促进幸福感的实践，个人可以过上更充实有意义的生活。社会也可以通过推广幸福感作为核心价值观并创造支持身心健康的环境来发挥作用。选项B（个人应认识到幸福感的重要性并积极参与实践，社会也应推广其作为核心价值观）最能体现原文的最终信息。Passage4Questions:13.F*解析思路：*文章第二段指出，“Onlinelearningplatforms,digitaltextbooks,andeducationalappshaveexpandededucationalopportunities,