2026年中考英语复习难题速递之阅读理解-科普知识（2025年10月）

第1页（共1页）2026年中考英语复习难题速递之阅读理解—科普知识（2025年10月）一．阅读理解（共20小题）1．（2025•杭州模拟）Waterisimportanttoalllivingthingsbutsomeareasintheworldareshortofwateralot.Soweshouldtrytoprotectandsavewater.AgroupofstudentsfromZhejiangUniversityhavesuccessfullydevelopedan"airhand﹣washingmachine".Themachineusesaninfraredrayinductionsystem（红外线感应系统），whichcanfeelthepresenceofourhands.Ifitfeelstherearehands，thewaterwiththeairwillcomefromthetap.Andithasbeenproventhatitisnearlyaseffectiveasatraditionalhand﹣washingmachine.Itusesonlytenpercentofthewaterthatregularhand﹣washingmachinedoes.Thestudentshaveevensetupacompanytointroducetheproducttothepublic.LiQizhang，amemberoftheteamthatdevelopedthemachine，toldareporterthatamodeloftheirmachinehadalreadybeenplacedinaclassroombuildingattheuniversityanditworkedwell.In2014，astudentcalledChenPuyangfirstthoughtoftheideawhilehewaswashinghishands.Washingone'shandsusesalotofwater，Chenthought.Woulditbepossibletoreplacethewaterwithair？Othersmaynotgivethequestionasecondthought.However，forChenandLi，whowerestudyingfluidmechanics（流体力学）atthetime，thiswasconsideredtobeanexcellentidea.SoonChen，Liandseveralclassmatesstartedontheproject.Afterayearofresearch，theteammadeagravity﹣driven（重力驱动）hand﹣washingmachinesuccessfully.（1）Theunderlinedword"presence"meansinParagraph2.A.形状B.存在C.距离D.影响（2）Theunderlinedsentenceinthe4thparagraphmeansA.otherpeoplemaynotspendasecondthinkingaboutthequestionagain.B.otherpeoplemaythinkitisimpossibletouseairinsteadofwater.C.otherpeoplemaynotthinkorworryaboutthequestionatall.D.otherpeoplemaythinkthereisnoanswertothequestion.（3）Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.theairhand﹣washingmachinewillbeexpensiveB.youcanwashyourhandscleanwithoutanyelectricityC.thestudentsdevelopedthemachinebytheknowledgeoffluidmechanicsD.youcanbuythe"airhand﹣washingmachine"（4）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthe"airhand﹣washingmachine"？A.Acompanywassetuptoproducethemachine.B.Itdoesn'tneedanywaterwhenyouwashyourhands.C.TheideaofthemachinecametoChen'smindsuddenly.D.ItwasinventedbytwostudentsfromZhejiangUniversity.2．（2025•杭州模拟）InacityofChina，olderpeoplearegoingbacktoschoolforaveryspecialclass.Itisacoursecalled"MakeFriendswithAI".AyoungteachernamedLiXiaoyistartedthisclasstohelppeoplelikeherowngrandfatherusemoderntechnology.AI，orArtificialIntelligence（人工智能），islikeaveryclevercomputerprogram.LiteachesherstudentshowtotalktoanAIchatbot（聊天机器人）ontheirphones.Thischatbotcananswerquestionsandhelpwithmanydailytasks.Formanyoftheolderstudents，itistheirfirsttimetolearnaboutAI，andtheyareveryexcited.Liknowsthatteachingolderpeopleisdifferentfromteachingyoungstudents.Shemustbeverypatientandmoveslowly.Ineverylesson，sherepeatstheinstructionscarefully.Shealsousessimplelanguageinsteadofdifficulttechwords.Forexample，whenshewantsthemtoopenamenu，shetellsthemtofindandclickthethreedots（点）onthescreen.Shealsoteachesthemtomakethewordsontheirphonebiggersotheycanreadmoreeasily.Hergoalistomakeeveryonefeelcomfortableandshowthemthattechnologycanbefriendlyandnotfrightening.Thestudentslearnmanyusefulthings.TheypracticeaskingtheAIfordeliciousrecipes（食谱），planningafuntriptoanothercity，orgettingsimplehealthadvice.SomestudentsevenchatwiththeAIwhentheyfeelabitlonely.It'slikehavinganewfriendwhoisalwaystheretotalkto.Thestudentslovewhattheycando.One68﹣year﹣oldmannowusesAItomakebeautifulonlinepostcardsfromhisoldholidayphotos.Anotherstudentputsanimated（动画的）animalsintohertravelvideos.Thisspecialclasshelpsthecommunity'solderpeoplefeelhappyandconnectedtotheworldtoday.（1）Whatisthewriter'spurposeofwritingthistext？A.Togiveadviceonhowtobecomeateacher.B.Tointroduceausefulclasstoolderpeople.C.Toshowdifferentkindsoftechnologyclasses.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"frightening"inparagraph2mean？A.Scary.B.Convenient.C.Modern.（3）HowdothestudentsfeelaboutlearningtouseAI？A.Worriedthatitistoodifficult.B.Happywiththenewskillstheyhave.C.Boredbecauseitisnotveryuseful.（4）Whatdoesthewritersuggestabouttechnologylearningforolderpeople？A.Itmainlyopensanewworldfortheold.B.Itistooexpensiveformostoldpeople.C.Itisapieceofcakeforoldpeople.3．（2025秋•海淀区校级月考）【1】Inrecentyears，artificialintelligencechatbotsandassistanttools—suchasDeepSeek，ChatGPT，Claude，andGemini，amongothers—haverapidlyappeared.Thesetechnologiesarebeingwidelyused；forinstance，DeepSeekhasalsoshownimpressivegrowthbyrapidlygainingasignificantuserbase.ThishasmadeitclearthatAItoolsareamongthefastest﹣growingapplicationsever.【2】TheglobalresponsetoAItoolsvariesgreatly.Someuniversitieshavebannedthem，withsomepeoplewarningthattheycouldencouragemorestudentstocheat，especiallyinexams，whileothersregardthemasablessingratherthanacurse，welcomingAItoolsbecause"theygivepeopleachance"tofocuslessontasksthattechnologycanperformequallywell.【3】AItoolsandtheAIrevolution（重大变革）willdefinitelyhaveafar﹣reachinginfluenceonhighereducation，anddiscussionsanddebatesarecontinuingontheopportunitiesandchallengestheywillcreate.【4】ThefirstworryisthatAItoolscouldchangethefundamental（根本的）trainingstructureofhighereducation.Forexample，Chinesestudentsusuallytake16yearstoearnabachelor'sdegreeandmorethan20yearstogetaPhDinalmostanyfield.ButthissystemisatriskofbeingreplacedwithAI，givingrisetounimaginableproblems.【5】ThesecondconcernisthatAItoolsmaychangehowweteachinschoolsanduniversities.Forinstance，astudentdependingontraditionaltextbookstolearnknowledgewillbeatagreatdisadvantageagainstanAIchatbotwhichhasin﹣depthknowledge.Inaddition，theteacher﹣student﹣basedteachinginuniversityclassesorthediscussion﹣basedmodelinsomegraduate﹣levelcoursesmaybelessinformation.andattractivefortheyoungergeneration.【6】ThethirdworryisthatAImaychangeboththetraditionalandnontraditionalresearchmethods.PeoplearediscussingwhetherandtowhatextentAIshouldbeinvolvedinorcontributetoascientificarticle.Suchdiscussionswillhelphumanexpertstopavethefuturepathofhighereducation.【7】Liketherolesplayedbymosttechnologicaladvancesandgroundbreakinginnovationsinhistory，AIshouldbeandwillbecomeapowerfultoolforthedevelopmentofhighereducationworldwide.Therefore，embracing（拥抱）AIasearlyaspossibleisadvisable.【8】Highereducationinstitutions（机构）shouldgetprepared.Theycanstartbyofferingrelatedcoursessuchasalgorithms（计算程序）andtraining，becausebyunderstandinghowitworks，studentscanavoidblindlyfollowingtheanswersAItoolsgiveandquestionthem，sotheycouldimprovestudents'criticalthinkingability.Thisistheactualpurposeofhighereducation.Also，studentswithbetterunderstandingofAIaremorecompetitivewhenitcomestogettingagoodjob，asanincreasingnumberofjobsarebeingdonebybots—someincooperationwithhumans.【9】Besides，AI﹣powerededucationtechnologiescanbeadoptedbytheseinstitutionstopersonalizethelearningexperienceofeachstudent.Inthisway，studentscanreceiveclassesofdifferentlevelsbasedonhisorherstrengthsandweaknesses.Andprofessorsandlecturersaresavedfromdoingboringtaskssotheycanconcentrateonteachingandresearching.【10】InsteadofsimplybanningAItoavoidcheating，highereducationshouldalsodevelopbetterunderstandingofit.Bymakinggooduseofit，theeducationsystemwillbecomemuchmoretransparentandthushelpfightplagiarism（剽窃）andothersimilarbehaviors.【11】SincewecannotavoidAI﹣poweredapplicationsfromenteringthefieldofhighereducation，weshouldcelebratethearrivalofthem.Let'smakecollectiveeffortstoensuretheyhaveapositiveinfluenceonsocietyandthefutureofeducation.ButdespiteAIhelpingmakelearningmuchmoreinterestingandenjoyable，humansneedtoworkveryhardtowintheracewithtechnology.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutAItools？A.Theyarebannedinalluniversitiestostopstudentsfromcheating.B.Theyhelpstudentstakelessthan20yearstogetaPhDinanyfield.C.Universitystudentsdependmoreonthemthanontraditionaltextbooks.D.Professorscansavetimeandfocusontheirteachingwiththehelpofthem.（2）Whataretheparagraphs7﹣10mainlyabout？A.WhatworriesthatAIbringstohighereducation.B.WhatchangesthathighereducationbringstoAI.C.HowtouseAItoimprovehighereducation.D.Howtomakestudentsbemorecompetitive.（3）Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage？A.TocallonpeopletowelcomeAIandtrytomakethemostofit.B.ToprovidewaystoavoidthenegativeinfluenceAIwillhave.C.TodiscussthebenefitsandrisksAItechnologywillhave.D.Tointroducesomeusefulartificialintelligencechatbots.4．（2026•武鸣区校级模拟）Thinkingisgoodforthebrain.Ithelpsusdothingslikemakingplansandmanagingourfeelings.Speakingoutloudislikeshowingthequietinner（内在的）speech.Itcanhelpusdobetterindifferentareaslikeschool，sportsandwork.However，itcanbereallyawkwardifsomeoneseesyoutalkingtoyourself.Butdon'tfeelbadaboutit!Talkingtoyourselfactuallyhasalotofbenefits.Talkingtooneselfcanbringself﹣confidence.A2009studyinvited72tennisplayerstotakepartinsomematches.Researchersputtheplayersintotwogroups：thefirstgroupsaidnothingwhileplaying，andthesecondgrouptalkedtothemselveswhileplaying.Theyfoundthattheself﹣talkersfromsecondgroupshowedmoreconfidenceandplayedbetterthanthoseinthesilentgroup.Talkingtoyourselfcanalsohelpusmanagebadfeelings."Whenwetalktoourselvesaswetalktoafriend，wecanseethingsdifferentlyfromafriend'sangle（角度），"saidJasonMoser，ateacherfromMichiganStateUniversity，US.Thiscanhelpusseethingsmorewisely，especiallywhenwe'refeelingsadorangry.Self﹣talkalsohelpsimprovememory.Researcherstested4differentwaystomemorizethings：readingsilently，readingaloud，listeningtosomeoneelsereadandlisteningtoarecordingofoneselfreading.Thosewhoreadoutloudmemorizedtheinformationthebest，researcherssaidintheirstudy.It'sbecausetheinformationislikelytobecomealong﹣termmemoryifreadoutloud.根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。并将字母标号在答题卡上涂黑。（1）Accordingtothepassage，howmanybenefitsdoestheself﹣talkhave？A.2B.3C.4（2）What'stheunderlinewordawkwardmeaninParagraph1？A.自豪的B.难过的C.尴尬的（3）Whatcanthinkinghelpus？A.Itcanhelpussleepwell.B.Itcanhelpusmanageourfeelings.C.Itcanhelpusmoreactiveintheclass.（4）Whyisreadingaloudgoodformemory？A.Becauseitcanmakemorepeopleknowtheinformation.B.Becauseitcanhelptomemorizethingsveryquickly.C.Becauseitcanhelptohavelong﹣termmemory.（5）What'sthestructureofthispassage？A.B.C.5．（2025秋•海淀区校级月考）Plantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis（光合作用）tocreatetheirownfoodfromCO2andwater.That'swhyplantsgrowinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.Butthisprocessisn'tparticularlyefficient（高效的）andonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlightactuallyendsupintheplant，accordingtoanewsrelease（新闻稿）fromtheUniversityofCalifornia，Riverside.Nowscientistsattheuniversityhavefoundawaytobypass（绕开）theneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandtocreatefoodbyusingartificialphotosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowincompletedarkness"Withourapproachwesoughttoidentifyanewwayofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnormallyimposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis，"co﹣authorRobertJinkerson，aUCRassistantprofessorofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaidinthenews.Theresearcherswhodevotedto（致力于）artificialphotosynthesisusedatwo﹣stepelectrocatalyticprocesstoturnCO2，waterandelectricityintoacetate（醋酸盐），whichtheplantorganisms（有机体）consumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer（电解装置）tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.Experimentsshowedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate."Wewereabletogrowfoodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiologicalphotosynthesis，"saidElizabethHann，aco﹣leadauthorofthestudy."Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethodofturningsolarenergyintofood，ascomparedtofoodproductionthatreliesonbiologicalphotosynthesis，"shesaid.Byeliminating（消除）theneedforsunlight，thepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregionwithless﹣thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless，accordingtoNewAtlas.Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere，includinginspaceandonotherplanets."Imaginesomedaygiantvessels（容器）growingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians？"co﹣authorMarthaOrozco﹣Cardenas，directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.Whilethismaybeyearsoff，thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvalueinfeedingahungryplace'wherethepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpact（影响）ontheplanet.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dormant"inParagraph1mostprobablymean？A.Fresh.B.Resting.C.Healthy.D.Normal.（2）WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout？A.Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.B.Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.C.Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.D.Thewiderangeofapplications（应用）ofartificialphotosynthesis.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A.Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.B.Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.C.Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.D.Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.6．（2025秋•罗湖区校级月考）Thefollowingsaretheintroductionsofthreecutting﹣edge（先进的）newproducts.ProductNameKeyFeaturesUsesSmartDoorLock﹣Fingerprint/password/faceunlock﹣Built﹣incamera﹣Voicecallfunction﹣Noneedforphysicalkeys﹣Safeforfamilyuse﹣ConvenientforpeoplewhooftenlosekeysSatellitePhone﹣Workswithout4G/5Gnetwork﹣Stablesignalinwildareas﹣72﹣hourlongbatterylife﹣Outdoortripslikecampingorhiking﹣EmergencyhelpinplaceswithnomobilecoverageSmartTranslationPen﹣Supports80languagetranslations﹣ReadsEnglishtextsaloudclearly﹣Lightenoughtocarryinapencilcase﹣HelpingstudentswithEnglishhomework﹣Talkingwithlocalpeopleduringinternationaltrips（1）GrandmaLialwaysforgetstobringherkeyswhenshegoesout，Whichproductcansolvehertrouble？A.SatellitePhoneB.SmartTranslationPenC.SmartDoorLockD.Alloftheabove（2）WhyistheSatellitePhonesuitableforpeoplegoinghiking？A.ItallowsuserstounlockdoorswithoutkeysB.Itcanworkevenwherethere'snomobilenetworkC.IthelpsreadEnglishtextsaloudinoutdoorareasD.Itissmallenoughtoputinapencilcase（3）Mr.Chenoftentravelstoforeigncountriesandneedstocommunicatewithlocalresidents.Whichproductshouldhechoose？A.SmartDoorLockB.SatellitePhoneC.SmartTranslationPenD.Noneoftheabove（4）WhatadvantagedoestheSmartTranslationPenhaveoverasimpletranslator？A.Itcanlast72hourswithoutchargingB.ItprovidesemergencyhelpinwildareasC.StudentsfinditreallyhelpfulD.Ittakesphotostostoretranslationrecords（5）Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage？A.ToexplainhowtorepairthreecommontechproductsB.TointroducetechproductsthatmakedailylifeeasierC.TocomparethepricesofdifferenttechinventionsD.Totellreadershowtouseasatellitephonecorrectly7．（2025秋•新华区校级月考）Inrecentyears，Chinahasmadehugeprogressinscienceandtechnology（技术），whichhashelpedthecountrygrowandimproveinmanyways，andalsobenefited（有利于）thewholeworld.OnJanuary17，2025，anewbridgecalledHuajiangGrandCanyonBridgewasbuiltsuccessfullyinGuizhouProvince，inthesouthwestofChina.Withadeckheightof625metersabovethewaterandamainspan（跨距）of1，420meters，thebridgehasbecomethehighestbridgeintheworld.AreusablerocketcalledZQ﹣3wastestedatJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterinGansuProvinceonSeptember11，2024.Therockettookoffandlandedvertically（垂直地），goingup10kilometersintotheair.AprivatecompanycalledLandSpacedevelopstherocket.Averylargetunnelboringmachine（TBM，盾构机）rolledofftheproductionlineinChangsha，CentralChina'sHunanProvinceonOctober31，2024.ThisTBMhasarecord﹣breakingexcavationdiameter（挖掘直径）of16.64meters.ItwassenttoJiangsuProvincetostarttestingforHaitaiYangtzeRiverTunnel.OnJanuary15，2025，Chinafinishedbuildingofthemainpartofitssecondhomegrownlargecruiseship，AdoraFloraCity.Thisshipisevenbiggerthanthefirstone，AdoraMagicCity，anditcancarry5，232passengerswhenfullyloaded.Itstotallengthhasincreasedby17.4meters，reaching341meters，andthenumberofcabins（舱室）hasrisenby19toatotalof2，144.Italsohasa16﹣storyupperstructure.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。（1）WhenwasHuajiangGrandCanyonBridgebuiltsuccessfullyinGuizhouProvince？A.OnSeptember11，2024.B.OnOctober31，2024.C.OnJanuary15，2025.D.OnJanuary17，2025.（2）WherewasZQ﹣3tested？A.InGuizhouProvince.B.InGansuProvince.C.InHunanProvince.D.InJiangsuProvince.（3）HowmanypassengerscanAdoraFloraCitycarrywhenfullyloaded？A.2，144.B.1，420.C.5，232.D.5，332.（4）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsisright？A.Thenewbridgeisthelongestbridgeintheworld.B.AdoraFloraCityisshorterthanAdoraMagicCity.C.ZQ﹣3wasmadeatJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter.D.TheTBMhasthelargestexcavationdiameterof16.64meters.（5）Wheremightthispassagecomefrom？A.Anewsreport.B.Apostcard.C.Astorybook.D.Asciencefictionnovel.8．（2025秋•长寿区校级月考）BlowingUpBalloonswithCO2Chemicalreactions（化学反应）makeforsomegreatexperiments.YoucanmakeuseoftheCO2（carbondioxide）givenoffbyabakingsoda（小苏打）andlemonjuicereaction（反应）toblowupyourballoon.Whatyou'llneed：★Aballoon★About40mlofwater（acupisabout250ml，soyoudon'tneedmuch）★Softdrinkbottle★Juicefromalemon★1teaspoonofbakingsodaInstructions：★Beforeyoubegin，makesurethatyoupulltheballoonlongtomakeitaseasyaspossibletoblowup.★Putthe40mlofwaterintothesoftdrinkbottle.★Addthebakingsodaandmixitwithwater.★Putthelemonjuiceinandquicklyputtheballoonoverthemouthofthebottle.What'shappening？Ifallgoeswell，thenyourballoonshouldinflate（膨胀）!AddingthelemonjuicetothebakingsodacreatesachemicalreactionandproducesCO2.Thegasrisesupandescapes（溢出）throughthesoftdrinkbottle.Itdoesn't，however，escapetheballoon，pushingitoutwardsandblowingitup.（1）Whichofthefollowingdoyouneedfortheexperiment？A.Twocups.B.Applejuice.C.250mlwater.D.Ateaspoonofbakingsoda.（2）Whatshouldyoudobeforetheexperiment？A.Heatthewater.B.Drinksomejuice.C.Pulltheballoonlong.D.Blowuptheballoon.（3）Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom？A.Anadvertisement（广告）.B.Amovieposter.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Anewsreport.9．（2025秋•南京月考）Afterthemoon，thenextplaceforhumanstolivebesidesEarthmightbeMars.ButMarsisnoready﹣madeEarth.We'dhavetomakeitEarth﹣like.Isthispossible，oristhisjustanideafromasci﹣fimovie？•IsthereoxygenonMars？ToliveonMars，humansneedwater，food，aplacetolive，andawarmenvironmentwithenoughoxygen（氧气）.Mars'airismostlymadeofagas（气体）thatwecan'tbreathe，andthere'sverylittleoxygen，makingitverycoldatnight.OneideatomakeMar'airbetteristocrashwater﹣richcomets（彗星）andasteroids（小行星）intotheplanet.Thiscouldgiveoffgasesandwaterandmaketheairthicker.NASAhasshownthatcrashingasteroidsispossible，butmanylargeoneswouldbeneeded.•Makingita"tasty"placetoliveTogrowfoodonMars，weneedsoil（土壤），buttherearemanyharmfulthingsonthegroundofMars.Oneideaistocleanouttheperchlorates（高氯酸盐）andaddfertilizers（肥料）tohelpplantsgrow.Acontrolledgreenhouse（温室）mightbeeasiertouse.However，providingtherightamountsofoxygen，water，andfoodisverydifficult.OnEarth，scientistsaretryingasimilarideawithBiosphere2，aclosedecosystem（生态系统）withacontrolledenvironment.Butthescientistsstillhaveahardtimegettingthingsjustright.•BuildinghomesBuildingsonMarscouldbe3D﹣printed，buttheywouldneedspecialprotectionuntilMars'environmentbecomesmorelikeEarth.However，therearemanymorechallenges.Forexample，unlikeEarth，Marsdoesn'thaveamagnetosphere（磁层），whichmeansharmfulradiation（辐射）canreachit.Creatingaprotectivemagneticfield（磁场）isdifficult.Butnomatterwhathappens，suchworktomakeMarsmorelikeEarthisnotawasteoftime.Forexample，workon3D﹣printingtechnologytomakehomesonMarsisbeingusedtohelpprinthomesonEarthandsolvetheproblemofnothavingenoughplacesforpeopletolive.（1）WhatisoneofthemainchallengesofgrowingfoodonMars？A.Thecoldtemperaturesatnight.B.Shortageofperchloratesinthesoil.C.Thesmallsizeofthegreenhouse.D.Thepresenceofharmfulthingsinthesoil.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"similaridea"inParagraph3referto？A.BuildingcontrolledgreenhousesonMars.B.Growingplantswithbettersoilwithoutharmfulthings.C.Controllingtheenvironmentinagreenhousetogrowplants.D.ProvidingtherightamountsofoxygenandwateronMars.（3）WhatisonewaytoprotectbuildingsonMarsfromharmfulradiation？A.Using3D﹣printingtechnology.B.Creatingaprotectivemagneticfield.C.Addingextralayersofmagnetosphere.D.Usingspecialmaterialstoblockradiation.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.WhatmakesMarssuitableforhumanliving.B.HowMarsischangingthroughhumanefforts.C.WhyMarsisachallengingplanetforhumans.D.WhatweneedtodotomakeMarslivable.10．（2025•滨州）Gettinghitbylightningisnotusuallygood.Butinfact，onetreeseemstobenefitfromthenaturalreward.Theheightandbroadheadofalmendro（杏）treesactasnaturallightningrods（避雷针）.Theynotonlycansurviveapowerfullightning，butactuallyattractit.Inathickjungle，suchlightningstrikes（击中）canevengrantthetreeadecisiveadvantageinthecompetitionforsurvival.Why？Becausethelightningwillhurtitssurrounding"enemies".Thefindingcomesfromayears﹣longstudy.Scientistsstudiedlightning'sinfluenceontreesandfinallywroteapapertosharetheirnewfindingsintheMayNewPhytologist.Thisscientificteamstudiedandrecordedthefate（命运）of93treeshitbylightning.Amongthemwere9almendros.Aftertwoyears，everyalmendrotreeofthe9wasdoingfine.Totheirsurprise，infact，theywerethriving（茂盛的），while56percentoftheotherspecies（种类）thathadbeenhitarenowdead.Exceptafewleaveswhicharenotsosmoothasbefore，almendrosweren'thurtbylightning.However，scientistsobservedthatthelianas（藤本植物）whichgrewupthemwereallburnedbytheelectricshock.Thesevines（藤蔓）spreadeverywhereanditisadangertoalmendros.Atleast，theycutofflighttothetreesthattheyclimbup.Theyalsocanstealnutrients（营养）fromalmendros.Andalianamaynotclimbjustonetree.Itcansendupvinesthatconnecttobranchesonneighboringdifferentspecies.Sowhenlightningstrikesanalmendro，thedeadlycurrent（电流）spreadsthroughlianastoneighboringtreesandburnsthemup.Thiscanfreeupspace，lightandnutrientsforanalmendrotogrowvibrantly（生机盎然地）.Butwhywerealmendrosnothurtasotherspeciesnearby？Someofthescientiststhinkthereasonisthatthetree'swoodhaslowelectricalresistance（阻力）.Thatmightletitsafelyleadthecurrenttothegroundwithoutsufferinganbuildup（积聚）ofheat.Othersthinkthestructureofthetree'sheadmaydirectelectricityawayfromthebranches—andtowarditsneighbors.It'sreallydifficulttounderstandallthebiologicalandphysicalstepsthattakeplacewhenlightninghitstrees."Itwouldbeinterestingtobeabletosaysomethingmoreonthat，"scientistsnoted."We'reallcurioushowthealmendroavoidsgettingburnedbyeachlightningstrike.Butwearenotsure.Sowedidn'tmentionthatinthepaper."（1）Whatdoalmendrotreesgetafterbeinghitbylightning？A.Naturallightningrods.B.Acollectionofheat.C.Betterlivingconditions.D.Moresmoothleaves.（2）Howmanyofthe93treesdiedtwoyearsafterbeinghitbylightning？A.93.B.About47.C.9.D.About37.（3）Whatdoes"them"refertoinParagraph5？A.Leaves.B.Lianas.C.Vines.D.Almendros.（4）Whatcausedthealmendros'neighbouringtreestobeburned？A.Theheightofalmendros.B.Thestolennutrients.C.Theconnectionbythevines.D.Theblockedlight.（5）WhatdidthescientistsshareintheMayNewPhytologist？A.Almendros'benefitingfromlightning.B.Almendros'hurtingsurroundingtrees.C.Structureofalmendros'head.D.Reasonsforalmendros'survival.11．（2025秋•重庆校级月考）Doyoulikedoingexperiments？Inthisexperiment，youwilluseelectricitytosplit（分离）waterintohydrogen（氢）andoxygen（氧）.WhatYouNeed◆two2Bpencilswithnoerasersattheends◆scissors◆thinpieceofcardboard◆1teaspoonsalt◆smallclearglass，halffullofwarmwater◆two20cmpiecesofelectricalwire（线）◆9voltbatteryStep1.Sharpeneachpencilatbothends.Usescissorstocuttwoholesinthecardboardabout2.5cmawayfromeachother.Thenpushthepencilsthroughthecardboard.Step2.Addthesaltintheglassofwaterforbetterelectricalconductivity（导电性）.Step3.Wrap（缠绕）oneendofonewirearoundthepositiveterminal（+）ofthebattery，andtheotherendarou