英语语法：简单句和并列句的用法总结

中考语法：简单句和并列句的用法总结简单句，并列句SimpleSentence&CompoundSentenceI本章要点1.简单句的否定形式。2.简单句的特殊疑问句形式。3.简单句的否定疑问句形式。4.简单句的反义疑问句形式。5.简单句中的祈使句。6.简单句中的感叹句。7.并列句的常见考点分析。II简单句语法点分述定义由由一套主谓结构构成的句子叫简单句。简单句分为4类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句。一、简单句的否定形式1.全部否定：neither,neither…nor,none,nothing,nobody,noonea.两者之间用neitherof,neither…nor他们两人没人懂英语。玛丽和约翰都不住在这里。b.三者及以上用noneof,nothing,nobody,noone这些答案没有一个是对的。没有人同意你所说的。2.部分否定：both,all,many,every…not他们两人不都去开会。闪光的未必都是金子。Allthatglittersisnotgold.

3.使用否定副词表示否定，否定副词有：rarely,hardly,nearly,few,little,seldom,scarcely,never我从来都不喜欢看《生活大爆炸》。他几乎不会说英语。4.否定转移，常常与believe,expect,imagine,suppose,think连用我们相信他做不到。Wethathedoit.（详见宾语从句中相关语法解析）二、简单句的特殊疑问句形式1.who,whose为句首作主语，本身已经是陈述句语序了。Whoisintheclassroom?WhosefatherworksinBeijing?2.含有插入语的特殊疑问句的结构。特殊疑问词+doyouthink/doyousuppose/doyousay+陈述句Whendoyouthinkhewillcome?（他会来）你刚提到他是做什么工作的？三、简单句的否定疑问句形式回答永远是以事实为依据，肯定yes,否定no她不是个医生吗？不，她是。 四、简单句的反义疑问句形式1.回答原则：和否定疑问句一样，根据事实回答。Youareaboy,aren'tyou?Yes,Iam. _____________________________No,Iamnot. _____________________________2.提问原则：前肯后否、前否后肯。YourmomhatesRockandRollmusic,________________?3.含有have的动词反义疑问a.have的反义疑问用法解释为“有”时，反义疑问中用have/do的各类形式都可以Youhaveacar,________________?解释为“非有”，例如吃饭，喝水，遭受到，那必须用do/did等形式Shehadherwatchstolen,________________?b.hadbetter的反义疑问用法Youhadbettertakeoffyourshoes,________________?4.Therebe句型的反义疑问用法Therewon’tbeanytrouble,________________?5.usedto的反义疑问句HeusedtoliveinLondon,________________? （英式）HeusedtoliveinLA,________________? （美式）6.never,hardly,seldom,few,little在句中出现表达的是否定含义，反义疑问要用肯定形式HehasfewbuddiesonQQ,________________?7.something,anything,everything,nothing,this,that,动名词以及不定式作主语时，反义疑问句中的代词使用it；everybody,nobody等做主语，代词使用theyGettingupearlyisimportant,________________?EverybodylikesRaymond,________________?8.these,those做主语时，反义疑问句中的代词使用theyThesearenotbooks,________________?9.我愿意wish句型，反义疑问句用mayIwishtogohomenow,________________?10.Idon’tthink/believe/expect否定转移的反义疑问，跟从句走Idon’tthinkhecanfinishthework,________________?11.Youdon’tthink/Hedoesn’tbelieve/Theydon’texpect仍然遵循前否后肯原则，后跟主语走Youthinkhecan’tfinishthework,________________?12.祈使句的反义疑问句Let’s…,shallwe?其他祈使句,willyou?Openthewindow,________________?13.感叹句的反义疑问句，一律用be的一般现在时否定Whatafunnyman,________________?五、简单句中的祈使句今日事今日毕。好好努力，否则你考试会不及格的。六、简单句中的感叹句感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。what修饰名词，how

修饰形容词、副词，公式如下：What+(a/an)+(adj.)+n.+S+V!How+adj./adv.+(the+n.)+v.!★真题试炼★1)Therobotcanhelpmesweepthefloor.______smartinventionitis!A.What B.Whata C.Whatan D.How2)______importantitisforkidstoimaginefreely!A.What B.Whata C.Whatan D.How七．并列句的常见考点分析定义定义：并列句是由and,but,or,so,for把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。★小试身手★1)Theyseethetrees____nottheforest.2)We’rehereanyway____that’slucky.3)Youarenotlistening,____I’llshutup.4)Therewillstillbedifficulties____wecanmanage.5)Theseacanbeblue____grey.6)Itmusthaverainedlastnight,____thegroundiswet.7)Hurry____youwillmissthetrain.8)Isaidit____Imeanit.9)Theplaybeganateight,____wemusthavedinneratseven.10)Thedayswereshort,____itwasnowDecember.IIIReview1.Thebossdoesn'tallowtheclerkstosmokeintheoffice,________?A)doeshe

B)doesn'the

C)ishe

D)isn'the2. Ienjoythepopulardance"hip-hop",but________myfather________mymotherlikesit.A)both,and

B)neither,nor

C)

either,or

D)notonly,butalso3. Thiscityusedtohavemanyfamouslandmarks,________manyofthemweredestroyedin thewar.A)or

B)but

C)and

D)so4. Ihavetriedmanytimestomemorizethepoem,______Ialwaysfail.A)or

B)and

C)but

D)so5. ______William______FrankliketheiPadbecauseithasvariousfunctionsandeasyto operate.A)Both...and

B)Either...or

C)Neither...nor

D)Notonly...butalso6. ______doyouthinkitisnotagoodideatokeepapetdog?A)Who

B)Where

C)Why

D)What7. Thesickman'sallowedtotakeawalkinthegardeneveryday,______?A)isn'the

B)hasn'the

C)ishe

D)wasn'the8. Parentsshouldalwayskeepaneyeonlittlechildren,______theycaneasilygethurt.A)so

B)but

C)and

D)or9. WecanhardlytellwhatlifewithouttheInternetwillbelikeinthefuture,________?A)canwe

B)can'twe

C)willit

D)won'tit10. -Tomdoesn'tknowhowtodrawacomicrowofpictures.-________A)SodoI.

B)SoamI.

C)NeitherdoI.

D)NeitheramI.11. Jenniferhastwochildrenand________ofthemwereborninwinter.A)all

B)either

C)both

D)neither12. Terrydidverywellintheinterview,___hegothisdreamjobinIBM. A)for

B)so

C)but

D)or13. Don'tletsuchathinghappenagain,________youwillloseyourjob!A)and

B)but

C)or

D)so14. SevenJob’sdeathmarkedtheendofanera,____?A)didhe

B)didn'the

C)didit

D)didn'tit15. Touristscanenjoywonderfulviewson____sidesoftheHuangpuRiver. A)all B)both C)any D)either16. AlltheboyscametomakefunofTom,___theystayedtoplaygameswithhimhappilyat last. A)so

B)and

C)but

D)or17. OldMr.Blackliveshappilywithhisthreedogs._______ofthemarepartofhisfamily.A)Both B)All C)None D)Neither18. Tomrarelyvisitsherauntduringworkdays,______?A)hashe

B)hasn'the

C)doeshe

D)doesn'the19. Sonianevercleans______evenofferstowashthedishes.Howlazyheis!A)but

B)and

C)so

D)or20. Thetwinsandtheirmotherwereverytired,but____ofthemwouldstopforarest.A)both

B)neither

C)none

D)either二、英语书面表达专项训练2．安全对每个人都很重要。请根据以下信息内容提示，写一篇关于校园安全的英语小短文。提示：1.体育锻炼2.上下楼梯3.交朋结友4.食品卫生要求：1.语句通顺，表达准确，内容连贯；2．短文可以适当发挥；但要包含以上要点。3．词数：80—100词。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。Safetyhasbecomethefocustousall.Howtobesafeatschoolisespeciallyimportanttousstudents.________________________________________________________【答案】Safetyhasbecomethefocustousall.Howtobesafeatschoolisespeciallyimportanttousstudents.First,weshouldtakecarenottogetourselvesinjuredwhilewearehavingsports.Second,Therearetoomanystudentsatschool,andourhallwaysaretoonarrow.Sodon’tcrowdwitheachotherespeciallywhenwegoupstairsordownstairs.Ortheremaybeanaccident.Besides,weshouldbefriendlyandgetonwellwithothers,don’tquarrelorevenfight.Lastbutnotleast,Weshouldbecarefultoeathealthyfoodandkeepawayfromjunkfood,whichisharmfultoourhealth.Inaword,it'simportanttoremembertheseforusall.【解析】这是一篇给材料作文。结合要点提示，可知本文主要从三个方面进行叙述，注意围绕要点组织材料，适当发挥。根据材料内容确定主要句子的时态，及句式等重要内容。写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。3．(B)根据要求完成大作文,词数:80-100体育运动是中学生的共同爱好.请根据下面提示写一篇题为WhatWeGetfromSports的短文,应该包含以下要点:1,学生参加体育运动的兴趣不同,理由各异.2.多数学生学习疲倦时,通过运动来放松自己.3.男孩参加各项体育运动,希望运动能使自己更强壮.4.女孩也喜欢运动，希望运动使自己减肥和保持健康,苗条.5.你对运动的观点.6.注意:文中不得出现自己的名字和学校的名字7.短文开头已给出,不计入词数.8.参考词语:keepslim(保持苗条)WhatWeGetfromSportsStudentsinourschoolhaveonethingincommonaninterestinsports.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Studentsinourschoolhaveonethingincommonaninterestinsports.Butdifferentstudentshavedifferentreasonsfortakingpartinsports.Manystudentshavesportswhentheyfeeltiredafterstudy.Theyjustwanttorelaxthemselvesandhavefun.Mostboyslovesports.Theytakepartinallkindsofsportsinordertobecomestronger.Theyjoininthesportsthatinterestthemmost,suchassoccer,basketballandvolleyball.Asforgirls,theywanttoloseweight.Theywanttokeepslim,sotheyalsoliketakingexercise.Inmyopinion,nomatterwhatreasonswehave,weallcangetalotfromsports.【解析】【详解】本篇写作主要是谈论自己对运动的观点和看法，应该用一般现在时态，写作要点要包括：1.提出目前学生对运动的不同看法及原因。2.具体分析（多数学生的观点、男生的观点、女生的观点）。3.提出自己对运动的观点。亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好地完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态，主谓一致，在文中使用了时间状语从句，定语从句，特别使用一些亮点词句，如havefun，inorderto，asfor，inmyopinion等。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，句子通顺，行文连贯。4．写作“百善孝为先”,孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。某英语报社正在举办以“弘扬中华传统文化”为主题的征文活动,请你以“Weshouldhonorourparents”为题,写一篇短文参加征文活动。内容包括:Whatdoyouoftendoforyourparents?Whyshouldwehonorourparents?Howshouldwehonorourparents?要求：1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。WeshouldhonorourparentsAsweknow,honoringourparentsisanexcellenttraditionofChina.____________________________【答案】WeshouldhonorourparentsAsweknow,honoringourparentsisanexcellenttraditionofChina.Ihonormyparents.Ioftenhelpmyparentsdohouseworkinmysparetime.Ithinkit'sourdutytohonorourparents.Ourparentstakemuchefforttoraiseus,soit'simportantforustohonorthem.Theyloveussoweshouldloveandrespectthem.Firstofall,weshouldtryourbesttostudyhardtomakethemproudofus.Then,wecanhelpourparentswithsomehouseworkbecausetheyaretiredafterworking.Next,weshouldrespectthemandnevertalktothemrudely.We'dbettercommunicatewiththempatientlyifwehavedifferentopinions.It'salsoimportanttotellourparentswelovethem.【解析】【分析】本题要求考生以“我们应该尊敬我们的父母”为题结合所给的内容要点，写一篇作文【详解】这是篇材料作文，主要内容要点已给，所以考生要围绕着要点，进行写作，不要遗漏，当然顺序可以适当调整。这篇作文又句型亮点，例如：Asweknow，…众所周知；.Ithinkit'sourdutytodosth等等，其次文章结构也比较清晰，例如第二段的衔接词，Firstofall，Then，Next，使用的简单而恰当。5．回首三年，相信你有满满的回忆。在你将踏上新的旅程之际，请给新入学的学弟学妹们两则初中生活的建议，并说说原因，让他们的初中生活更加精彩。请参考下面的思维导图用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。SchoollifeTeachersandfriendsSchoolworkandactivitiesMyAdviceforJuniorHigh【答案】例文Juniorhighisanimportantstageinyourlife.Asastudentwhoisabouttoenterjuniorhigh,yourheartmustbefilledwithexpectation.Tohelpyougetusedtothejuniorhighlife,Iwillshareyoutwopiecesofadvice.First,establishyourroutines.Bydoingthis,youcanquicklyfallintoapatternthatfeelsfamiliarandcomfortable.Second,besuretotrynewthings.Youcanjoinnewclubsortakeupanewhobby.Thiswillnotonlygetyououtofthestressfulschoolwork,butalsohelpyoumakemorefriends.Ihopemyadvicecanbehelpfultoyouandmakeyouenjoyyourlifeinthejuniorhighschool.【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如asastudent，mustbe，filledwith，getusedto，relaxourselves，twopiecesofadvice，fallinto，joinnewclubs，takeup，notonly…butalso，makemorefriends，behelpfulto等。而非谓语动词结构Tohelpyougetusedtothejuniorhighlife,Iwillshareyoutwopiecesofadvice.和Asastudentwhoisabouttoenterjuniorhigh,yourheartmustbefilledwithexpectation./Bydoingthis,youcanquicklyfallintoapatternthatfeelsfamiliarandcomfortable./Ihopemyadvicecanbehelpfultoyouandmakeyouenjoyyourlifeinthejuniorhighschool.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。6．假如你是王梅，有一个弟弟/妹妹一直是你的梦想，去年你家里添了一个弟弟/妹妺，你非常开心，请根据内容要点，写一封电子邮件给你的笔友李蕾，和她分享你的快乐，告诉她你的变化。（brother，sister任选其一）内容要点:（1）我一直想有个弟弟、妹妹；（2）去年我的梦想实现了，有了弟弟/妺妹；（3）他/她非常可爱，给我们带来了欢乐，伴我成长，不再孤单；（4）我学会了分享和照顾家人；（5）请补充几点弟弟、妹妹到来后你的变化。参考词汇：joy；growupwithsb.伴某人成长;onone’sinitiative主动地；helpdothehousework；studyhard；setanexample树立榜样。写作要求：（1）不得使用真实姓名和校名（2）包含以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；（3）字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清楚；（4）词数80左右。（书信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。）DearLiLei,Ihavebeendreamingtohaveabrother/sister.Lastyear,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’mluckyandhappytohaveabrother/sister.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Yours,WangMei【答案】DearLiLe,Ihavebeendreamingtohaveasister.Lastyear,mydreamcametrue.Iwasreallyhappytohavesuchalovelybabysister.Shebringslotsofjoytoourfamilyandshegrowsupwithmedaybyday.EverytimeIseethebigsmileonherface,myheartisfullofsweetfeelings.IwillcomeovertoseeherandplaywithherassoonasIgethomeeveryday.NowI’mnotaloneanymore.Aboveall,Ihavelearnedtoshareandlookafterotherssinceshewasborn.Ilearntohelpmymotherdothehousework,suchaswashingclothes,cookingandlookingaftermylittlesisteronmyowninitiative.Inordertosetagoodexampleformylittlesister,Idecidetostudyhardallthetimeandgotoafamousuniversityoneday.TakingcareofthebabyisahardjobandIlearntobepatientfromit.Ialsolearntobekindandfriendlytoher.I’mluckyandhappytohaveasister.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.YoursWangMei【解析】【分析】这篇书面表达顺应了当今的热门话题，“二胎”，主要是站在孩子（考生）的角度，分享有了弟弟或妹妹后的喜悦。【详解】这是篇材料作文内容要点给的比较详细，考生主要把所有要点表达清楚连贯就是篇不错的短文；参考词汇中，给了一些很好的词汇，考生一定要把它们融合到作文里。在写作时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，这样才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。7．现在智能手机（smartphone）越来越普及，很多中学生都有智能手机。请你根据下面的提示，写一篇不少于80词的英语短文，谈一谈你对智能手机的看法，可适当发挥。提示：1、在生活中你用智能手机做什么？2、智能手机对你的生活产生了怎样的影响？3、你对中学生使用智能手机有什么看法？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文：Thesmartphoneisbecomingmoreandmorepopularnowadays.Ialsohaveasmartphone.Iusuallyuseittosendtextmessages,playgames,watchvideos,listentomusicandlearnEnglish.Itisveryusefulandconvenient.Infact,thesmartphonemakesmylifecolorful.However,everycoinhastwosides.SometimesIspendtoomuchtimeplayinggamesonthesmartphoneandgetbadresultsinexams.SoIthinkwestudentsshoulduseoursmartphonesproperlyanddon’tusethemtoomuch.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontoourstudies.【解析】【详解】这是一篇给材料作文，要求根据内容提示，写一篇英语短文，谈一谈你对智能手机的看法。文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称主要用第一、第三人称。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作。在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。8．书面表达86.某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为“Howtokeepagoodrelationshipwithparents”的征文活动。请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。（1）父母规矩太多，不允许晚上出去，过于强调学习成绩，不理解自己。（2）你应该理解父母，他们是爱孩子的，希望孩子前程似锦。（3）你与父母保持良好关系的做法：努力学习，听父母话。（4）……（至少一条）。要求：（1）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。（2）文中不得出现真实的姓名与校名。（3）词数：80～100个。（4）短文的开头己给出，不计入总词数。HowtokeepagoodrelationshipwithparentsInmyopinion,Ihavetoomanyrulesathome.Myparentsneverallowme...【答案】HowtokeepagoodrelationshipwithparentsInmyopinion,Ihavetoomanyrulesathome.Myparentsneverallowmetogooutwithmyfriendsatnight.Theydon’tallowmetochoosemyownclothes,either.Andtheypaytoomuchattentiontomyexamresults.Ithinkmyparentsdon’tquiteunderstandme.However,Itrymybesttounderstandthem.Althoughtheydon’tallowmetomakemyowndecisionsandgivemetoomuchpressure,Iknowthatitisbecausetheyreallylovemeandwantmetohaveabrightfuture.Inordertokeepagoodrelationshipwithmyparents,Istudyhard,listentothem,talktothemasfriends,tellthemmytroubles,andhelpthemdomorehousework.【解析】【详解】某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为“Howtokeepagoodrelationshipwithparents”的征文活动。请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。注意文中用第一人称书写；2.时态以一般现在时为主；3.体裁为说明文，可稍加评论；4.合理想象，发表你对压力的看法；5.语句通顺。意思连贯；【点睛】本文语句通顺，段落分明。文中用到了一些好的句型：However,Itrymybesttounderstandthem.Althoughtheydon’tallowmetomakemyowndecisionsandgivemetoomuchpressure,这里给文章增色不少。9．为了吸引外国游客，杭州旅游网希望对杭州茶文化进行宣传。请你根据表格信息，用英语为其写一篇介绍，词数80左右。WhatisLongjingTeafamousfor?GoodtasteWhatisitusedfor?KeephealthyHowisitproduced?Growonthesidesofmountains...What’sthebestplacetolearnaboutit?Why?Han