Unit1ManagingYourselfReadingExtendedreading课文翻译及重点知识清单-高中英语牛津译林版选修第三册

2020新牛津译林版选修第三册课文翻译unit1ReadingThe7HabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople 高效能人士的七个习惯The7Habits—AnOverview 7个习惯——概述Wearewhatwerepeatedlydo.Excellence,then,isnotanact,butahabit.我们就是我们反复做的事。因此，优秀不是一种行为，而是一种习惯。—Aristotle——亚里士多德Ourcharacter,basically,isapositeofourhabits.“Sowathought,reapanaction;sowanaction,reapahabit;sowahabit,reapacharacter;sowacharacter,reapadestiny,”themaximgoes./ˈkɒmpəzɪt/positeadj.合成的，复合的；（火车车厢）综合的；菊科的；（柱式）混合的n.合成物，复合材料；罪犯画像；综合提案；菊科植物；混合柱式maxim/ˈmæksɪm/n.格言；准则；座右铭motto/ˈmɒtəʊ/n.座右铭，格言，警句；格言主题我们的性格基本上是由我们的习惯组成的。有句格言说:“播种一个思想，收获一个行动;;;一个性格，收获一个命运。”Habitsarepowerfulfactorsinourlives.Becausetheyareconsistent,oftenunconsciouspatterns,theyconstantly,daily,effectiveness...acterandproduceoureffectiveness...orineffectiveness.patternn.模式，方式；图案，花样；模/典范；模型，底样；（布或墙纸的）样品；样式；（声音或词汇有规则排列的）模式v.用图案装饰，给……加上花样；仿照，模仿；赋予……以固定（或易辨认）的形式；使形成，促成（某行为模式）习惯是我们生活中强大的因素。因为它们是一致的，通常是无意识的模式，它们每天都在表达我们的性格，导致我们做事的高效率或者低效率。AsHoraceMann,thegreateducator,oncesaid,“Habitsarelikeacable.Weweaveastrandofiteverydayandsoonitcannotbebroken.”Ipersonallydonotagreewiththelastpartofhisexpression.Iknowtheycanbebroken.Habitscanbelearnedandunlearned.ButIalsoknowitisn'taquickfix.Itinvolvesaprocessandatremendousmitment.cablen.电缆；钢缆，缆绳；电报；有线电视v.给……安装有线电视；给……发电报weaveastrandof编织一根线（wovewoven）aquickfix临时解决方案：指一种快速解决问题的临时方法或补救措施，通常不是长期有效的解决方案。fixn.解决方案（或措施）；窘境，困境；（毒品或致瘾物的）一次用量；方位确定，定位；理解mitmentn.忠诚，献身；投入；承诺，保证；热情，决心；义务，责任；花费正如伟大的教育家霍勒斯·曼曾经说过:“缕，很快它就会牢不可破。”我个人不同意他的最后一部分表达。我知道它们可要一个过程和巨大的付出。ThoseofuswhowatchedthelunarvoyageofApollollweretransfixedaswesawthefirstmenwalkonthemoonandreturntoearth.Superlativessuchas“fantastic”and“incredible”wereinadequatetodescribethoseeventfuldays.Buttogetthere,thoseastronautsliterallyhadtobreakoutofthetremendousgravitypulloftheearth.Moreenergywasspentinthefirstfewminutesofliftoff,inthefirstfewmilesoftravel,thanwasusedoverthenextseveraldaystotravelhalfamillionmiles.betransfixedas被深深吸引住superlative/suːˈpɜːlətɪv/adj.（形容词或副词的）最高级的；最好的，最优秀的n.（形容词或副词的）最高级；赞誉之词；最好的人或事物；最高程度eventfuladj.充满大事的，多变故的；重大的，重要的literallyadv.按照字面意义地，逐字地；真正地，确实地；（用于夸张地强调）简直breakoutof逃脱，突破，摆脱liftoffn.（火箭等）离地升空，垂直发射gravityn.重力，地心引力；严重性；严肃，庄严；重（量）250万英里的飞行所消耗的能量还要多。Habits,too,havetremendousgravitypull—morethanmostpeoplerealizeorwouldadmit.Breakingdeeplyimbeddedhabitualtendenciessuchasprocrastination,impatience,criticalness,orselfishnessthatviolatebasicprinciplesofhumaneffectivenessinvolvesmorethanalittlewillpowerandafewminorchangesinourlives.“Liftoff”takesatremendouseffort,butoncewebreakoutofthegravitypull,ourfreedomtakesonawholenewdimension.breakdeeplyimbeddedhabitualtendencies习惯也有巨大的吸引力——“起飞”但一旦我们摆脱了地心引力，我们的自由就有了一个全新的维度。Likeanynaturalforce,thegravitypullcanworkwithusoragainstus.Thegravitypullofsomeofourhabitsmaycurrentlybekeepingusfromgoingwherewewanttogo.Butitisalsothegravitypullthatkeepsourworldtogether,thatkeepstheplanetsintheirorbitsandouruniverseinisapowerfulforce,andifweuseiteffectively,wecanusethegravitypullofhabittocreatethecohesivenessandordernecessarytoestablisheffectivenessinourlives.“Habits”Defined“习惯”的定义Forourpurposes,wewilldefineahabitastheintersectionofknowledge,skill,anddesire.Knowledgeisthetheoreticalparadigm,thewhattodoandtheSkillisthehowtodo.Anddesireisthemotivation,thewanttodo.Inordertomakesomethingahabitinourlives,wehavetohaveallthree.为了让某件事成为我们生活中的习惯，我们必须同时拥有这三件事。Imaybeineffectiveinmyinteractionswithmyworkassociates,myspouse,ormychildrenbecauseIconstantlytellthemwhatIthink,butIneverreallylistentothem.UnlessIsearchoutcorrectprinciplesofhumaninteraction,ImaynotevenknowIneedtolisten.associatev.联想，联系；支持，同意；交往，（尤指）混在一起n.同事，伙伴；副学士，准学士；副职，副手；准会员；联想adj.副的，准的，非正式的；联合的，有关连的spouse/spaʊs/n.配偶否则我可能甚至不知道我需要倾听。EvenifIdoknowthatinordertointeracteffectivelywithothersIreallyneedtolistentothem,Imaynothavetheskill.Imaynotknowhowtoreallylistendeeplytoanotherhumanbeing.个技能。我可能不知道如何真正深入地倾听另一个人。ButknowingIneedtolistenandknowinghowtolistenisnotenough.UnlessIwanttolisten,unlessIhavethedesire,itwon'tbeahabitinmylife.Creatingahabitrequiresworkinallthreedimensions.愿望，否则它不会成为我生活中的习惯。养成一种习惯需要三个方面的努力。Thebeing/seeingchangeisanupwardprocess—beingchangesseeing,whichinturnchangesbeing,andsoforth,aswemoveinanupwardspiral/ˈspaɪrəlofgrowth.Byworkingonknowledge,skill,anddesire,wecanbreakthroughtonewlevelsofpersonalandinterpersonaleffectivenessaswebreakwitholdparadigmsthatmayhavebeenasourceofpseudosecurityforyears.beingn.生物；存在；本质，本性soforth等等，诸如此类 breakthroughto突/冲破到personalandinterpersonaleffectiveness个人及人际交往的效能性breakwitholdparadigms打破旧有的模式pseudo/ˈsuːdəʊ/adj.假的，伪装的pseudosecurity虚假安全感这个自我/看法的改变是一个向上的过程。在我们螺旋上升式成长的过程中，提升自我会改变我们对外界的看法，继而又会改变自我，并循环往复。通过在知识、技巧和意愿三方面付出努力，我们就能打破多年来可能一直是虚假安全感来源的旧范式，使个人效能和人际效能上升至新的层面。It'ssometimesapainfulprocess.It'sachangethathastobemotivatedbyahigherpurpose,bythewillingnesstosubordinatewhatyouthinkyouwantnowtowhatyouwantlater.Butthisprocessproduceshappiness,whichcanbedefined,inpartatleast,asthefruitofthedesireandabilitytosacrificewhatwewantnowforwhatwewanteventually.Extendedreading 扩展阅读Timemanagement时间管理Goodafternoon.Letmebeginmypresentationbyaskingyouthisquestion:howmuchtimedoesittakeyoutosleep,eat,muteandmaintainyourpersonalhygieneeveryday?Dosomequickcalculations,anditwilloccurtoyouthattheseessentialactivitiestakeupanenormouspartofyourday,leavingonlylimitedtimetostaywithfamilyandfriends,pursueahobbyorworkonpersonaldevelopment.presentationn.（颁奖等）仪式，典礼；授予，颁发；（在仪式上接受的）奖项，赠予物；展示会，介绍会，发布会；陈述，报告，说明；（事物的）呈现方式；（证件等的）出示；（证物的）提交，提供；（戏剧的）演出......mutev.通勤，上下班往返；减轻（刑罚）；代偿；....下午好。让我先问你一个问题:你每天花在睡觉、吃饭、上下班和保持个人卫生上的时间是多少?做一些快速的计算，你会发现这些重要的活动占据了你一好或个人发展。Managingyourtimeeffectively,therefore,beesamatterofcriticalimportance.Itmeansthatyouwillbeabletoacplishmuchmorewithlesseffortinshorterperiodsoftime.Itwillkeepyourstresslevelstoaminimum,boostyourperformanceandgiveyouasenseofacplishment,leadingtoimprovedselfconfidenceandamorepositiveoutlookonlife.Importantly,effectivetimemanagementwillnotonlysupportyourstudiesbutalsohelpyouthroughoutyouradultlife.So,nowthatyouunderstandwhygoodtimemanagementisofgreatimportance,howcanyouimproveyourabilitytomanageyourtime?Therearemanythingsyoucando,butletmesharewithyouwhatIconsidertobethethreemostimportantskills.Thefirstthingyouneedtodoistoplanahead.Getintothehabitofthinkingaboutupingeventsandmakingamonthly,weeklyorevendailytodolist.Thiswillgiveyouameasureofcontroloverwhatisgoingtohappen.Whetheritisaplannerthatyoustickonthewalloracalendarapponyoursmartphone,findinganorganizingtoolthatworkswellforyouisessential.Then,recordallimportanteventssuchasexams,projectsandrehearsals,sothatyouknowallthedatesanddeadlinesandcanprepareaccordingly.rehearsaln.排练，排演；预演，演习；复述，重复rehearsev.排练，排演；监督（表演者或团体）排演；默诵，默默地练习；<正式>详述，重复这样你就知道所有的日期和截止日期，并可以相应的准备。Afteryouhaveallthatneedstobedoneinmind,youcansetaboutcreatingfavourableconditionstoactuallygetthingsdone.Thisisabouttheskilloforganization.Beingwellorganizedincludesmakingsureyouhaveeverythingreadyfortomorrow'slessonsandafterschoolactivities.Itisalsoimportantforyoutoorganizeyourpersonalspaceathomesothatwhenyouaredoingyourhomework,youareinatidyplace,freefromdistractions.Thisincludesputtingawayyourmobilephoneuntilyouhavefinishedeverythingthatneedstobedone.distractv.使分心，使转移注意力distractherwithadoll拿娃娃哄她开心freefromdistractions不受干扰；不受打扰n.distraction注意力分散；消遣；心烦意乱你完成所有需要做的事情。Mostimportantly,youmustlearntoprioritizeallyourtasks.Thereisonlyalimitedamountoftimeinaday,andevenwithgoodplanningandorganization,itisnotalwayspossibletopleteeverythingthatneedstobedone.Insuchcircumstances,youwillhavetodecidewhichtasksshouldbepletedfirst.AccordingtoStephenCovey'sTimeManagementMatrix,therearefourequalareasindicatingthetasksthatyouhavetoorwanttodoeveryday.Youshouldclassifytheactivitiesinthefourareasandidentifywhichareurgentandimportant,whicharenoturgentbutimportant,whichareurgentbutnotimportant,andwhichareneitherurgentnorimportant.Understandingthattaskscanbeclassifiedinthiswaywillhelpyouprioritizewhatneedstobedone.Whilechoosingwhichtaskneedstobedonefirstcanbeadifficultdecisiontomake,itisimportantnottoletpeerpressureorthequestforshorttermrewardsinfluenceyou,buttofocusonthegoalsyouhavesetforyourselfandsticktothem.prioritizev.按优先顺序列出；优先考虑（处理）prioradj.优先的；在先的，在前的n.priority优先；优先权；[数]优先次序；优先考虑的事questn.<文>（长久或辛勤的）寻求，探求；（中世纪传奇故事中骑士的）探险v.<文>探寻，寻求1.questfor追求；探索，设法找到2.inquestof探寻，寻求；为了追求…必须决定应该先完成哪些任务。根据斯蒂芬·柯维的《时间管理矩阵》，有四个下去。bringmypresentationtoaconclusion,letmepointoutthatonceyoustarttakinglittlestepseverydaytoplan,organizeandprioritizetheactivitiesyouintendtodevoteyourskillsandtalentsto,youwillimmediatelybegintoreaptherewardsofyouractions.ThewellknownChinesewriterLuXunsaid,“Timeislikethewaterinasponge.Ifyouarewillingtosqueeze,youwillalwaysgetsome.”Timeisafiniteresource,butwithalittleeffortyoucanalwaysfindthetimetodowhatneedstobedone.say“Ihavenotime"isonlyanexcuseforavoidingdoingsomethingthatcouldactuallybedone.Ihopeyouhavefoundmytalkinterestingandusefulandthatyouneveragainhavetosay“Idon'thavethetimetodothat”.“我没时间”保持个人卫生提高某人的表现保持个人卫生提高某人的表现一个更积极的人生观贯穿...的成年生活既然养成……的习惯即将来临的事件彩排/相应地开始做某事不受干扰maintainone’spersonalhygieneboostone’sperformanceamorepositiveoutlookonlifethroughoutone’sadultlifenowthatgetintothehabitofupingeventsrehearsal/accordinglysetaboutdoingfreefromdistractions优先处理所有任务在这种情况下优先处理所有任务在这种情况下时间管理矩阵同辈的压力对...的追求为…设定目标将…总结一下收获…的回报挤海绵...的借口insuchcircumstancesTimeManagementMatrixpeerpressurethequestforsetgoalsforbring...toaconclusionreaptherewardsofsqueezeaspongeanexcusefor主持谈话节目学习效率主持谈话节目学习效率同学们由...组成拓展业务/扩大规模相互联系的方式自尊(selfconfidence/worth/respect;dignity)对…进行评估然而(对比=while)妨碍learningefficiencyourfellowstudentsconsistofbranchoutaninterconne