高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题

高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Movinginwithaboyfriendcauseswomentoeatmoreunhealthilyandputonweight.Buttheoppositeistrueformen,whoselong-termhealthbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner.

DieticiansatNewcastleUniversitysaidbothpartnerstrytopleaseoneanother,andsochangetheirdietaryhabitstosuittheirotherhalf.

Itleadsmentoeatmorelightmeals,suchassalads,fruitandvegetables,whilewomenchoosetomakecreamier,heavierdishescurryorrichpastasauces,whichmaypleasetheirpartner.Womenstillhavethestrongestlong-terminfluenceoverthecouple'sdietandlifestyle,astheystillhavethetraditionalroleofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds.

Thereport,byNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,reviewedthefindingofavarietyofresearchprojectsfromtheUK,NorthAmericaandAustralia,whichlookedattheeatingandlifestylehabitsofcouples.

Theresearchshowsthatwomenaremorelikelytoputonweightandincreasetheirconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugarwhentheymoveinwiththeirpartner

Womenalsousefoodasacomfortwhendealingwithemotionalstressandhavebeenfoundtogainweightwhenarelationshipends,whilethesamefindinghasnotbeenobservedinmen.

Manycouplesreportedfoodasbeingcentraltotheirpartnership,andeatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.

ReportauthorandregistereddieticianDr.AmeliaLakesaid,"Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration."（1）Accordingtothepassage,movinginwithagirlfriend,men________.A.

havefewchangesoftheirdietaryhabits

B.

havetoeatmoreunhealthyfoodsC.

don'tlikefoodshighinfatandsugaratall

D.

trytoeatfoodsthattheirgirlfriendslike（2）Theunderlinedword"light"(inParagraph4)probablymeans________.A.

notveryheavy

B.

lessinfatandsugar

C.

gentle

D.

notseriousorimportant（3）AccordingtothereportbyNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,________.A.

womenputonweightonlybecausetheywanttosuittheirotherhalfB.

whenmenarefacedwithemotionalstress,theywillchangetheirdietaryhabitsC.

eatingtogetherintheeveningisagoodwaytocommunicateforcouplesD.

itiswrongtochangeyourdietaryhabitstosuityourpartner（4）Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.A.

womenshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirpartner'sinfluenceonthemB.

moremenwillplayrolesofshopperandcookinmosthouseholdsC.

coupleswillnotchangetheirdietaryhabitsandlifestyletopleasetheirpartnerD.

long-termhealthofmenbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Don'tbesillyanymore,women!

B.

Whicharebetterdietaryhabits?C.

Boyfriendsmakeyoufat

D.

Dr.AmeliaLakeandhisstudy【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“whichmaypleasetheirpartner”可知，男女双方会改变自己的饮食习惯来迎合对方，因此男士会吃他的女伴喜欢吃的食物。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“salads,fruitandvegetables”可推断，light在此是“清淡的”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比较少。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“eatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.”晚上一起吃饭对许多人来说特别重要，可知选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration.”研究表明你的伴侣对你的生活方式有很大的影响,那些试图过上健康生活的人应该考虑到这一因素。可选A。（5）考查主旨大意。纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。C项幽默风趣，能吸引读者的注意，并切中文章的主题。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.

Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar(花蜜)ofitsflowersincreased.Thefluid,producedtoattractpollinating(授粉)insects,wasonaverage20percenthigherinflowersexposedtothebuzzcomparedtothoseleftinsilenceorexposedtohigherpitchedsounds.ProfessorLilachHadany,wholedthestudy,said:"Ourresultsdocumentforthefirsttimethatplantscanrapidlyrespondtopollinatorsoundsinanecologicallyrelevantway."

However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.Whileplantsrequirewater,sunlightandtherighttemperaturetogrow,itiswidelybelievedtheydonothavesensesinthewayanimalsdo.

Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain."Plants'abilitytohearhasimplicationswellbeyondpollination—plantscouldpotentiallyhearandrespondtoherbivores,otheranimals,theelements,andpossiblyotherplants,"ProfHadanyadded.

Amonth-longexperimentconductedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSocietyin2009foundfemalevoicesappeartospeedupthegrowthoftomatoes.Theresearchoffersapossibleexplanation—women'svoiceswereattherightfrequencyfortheplantstohear.（1）What'seveningprimroseflowers'responsetobees'buzz?A.

Longerbloom.

B.

Sweeternectar.

C.

Brightercolor.

D.

Lessfluid.（2）WherecanplantsgrowbetteraccordingtoHadany?A.

Onasquare.

B.

Besideahighway.

C.

Inthewoods.

D.

Alongthestreet.（3）Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?A.

PrinceCharlesproveskindofstupid.B.

Plantscanonlypotentiallyhearanimals.C.

Plantsrespondtosoundsslowlyandecologically.D.

Plantsgardenerstalktofrequentlydevelopwell.（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.

Flowerscanhear.

B.

Beesarebestpollinators.C.

Plantscan'tgrowwithoutsound.

D.

Women'svoicesimproveplants'growth.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人与植物的交流可以促其生长。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar(花蜜)ofitsflowersincreased.”可知，蜜蜂飞到夜来香花，在三分钟内其花朵花蜜的糖的浓度会增加，所以花蜜会更甜。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.”哈达尼教授认为，植物对传粉者做出反应的能力可能会在城市环境或繁忙道路旁减弱。从而推断可知，在丛林里的植物生长得更好。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain.”研究表明，园丁们和他们的植物交谈的努力可能不会白费。从而推断可知，园丁经常与植物交谈，生长得更好。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述人与植物的交流可以促其生长。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whenyouthinkbacktotheblackboardfromyourschooldays,whatcolorisit?Chancesarethatit'sgreen.Sowhat'supwiththename?Originally,blackboardswerereallyblack.Beforewall-sizedblackboardsexisted,late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood,accordingtoConcordiaUniversity,Thosefirstboardswere,infact,black,andtheypavedthewayforthelargerones.

In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.Problemsolved!Fromthere,theideaspreadquicklyasteacherscouldfinallyshowaconcepttothewholeclassatonetime.By1815,themassivewritingspaceswerecommonenoughtoearntheirownname:blackboard.

Thecolorchangecameinthe1960swhencompaniessold,steelplates,coatedwithgreenenamel(漆)insteadofthetraditionaldarkslate.Thenewmaterialwaslighterandlessfragilethanthefirstblackboards,sotheywerecheapertoshipandmorelikelytosurvivethejourney.Teachersweren'tcomplainingeither.Afterall,thenew"greenboards"madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase.Plus,theenamelleftlessofaglareandthecolorwasnicertolookat.Atthatpoint,peoplestartedusingtheword"chalkboard"asamoreaccuratedescriptor,but"blackboard"stillstuckaround.（1）Whatdidthelate18th-centurystudentsuseinclass?A.

Blackboard.

B.

Chalkboard.

C.

Greenboard.

D.

Miniboard.（2）Whydidtheheadmasteraskthestudentstoputtheirminiboardstogether?A.

Tomakeacomparison.B.

Tomakeenoughspace.C.

Todrawstudents'attention.D.

Toarousestudents'interest.（3）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthe"greenboard"?A.

They'relighterinweight.B.

They'remoreconvenienttotransport.C.

They'reeasiertoerasethepowder.D.

They'remoreusefulthanthetraditionalones.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Introductionoftheblackboard.B.

Originoftheblackboard.C.

Coloroftheblackboard.D.

Functionoftheblackboard.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过描述黑板发展历程向读者介绍了黑板最早的时候确实是黑色的，随后慢慢发展变成了绿色。回答了"黑板为什么是绿色的？"这个问题。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的，"...late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood..."可知，18世纪的学生用的是“迷你板”。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“

In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.”在1800年，一名英格兰校长JamesPillans想让他的学生们画地图，但是学生们在他们的迷你板上无法画出地图，因此校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起来制造一个大的板。可知，校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起是为了创造一个大的空间来画地图。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Thenewmaterialwaslighterand...morelikelytosurvivetheJourney."可知A项和B项正确；以及"Afterall,...madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase."可知C项正确；D项文章未提及。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。文章第一段前四句话点明了文章中心：我们看到的黑板大多是绿色的，为什么叫黑板？通读全文也可知文章主要讲述了黑板发展过程中颜色从黑色变成绿色的过程和原因。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读理解

Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.

ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天线)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.

Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates,worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干扰)causedbytwofactorsofobjects-thematerialandshape."Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid,whichhavesignificantinterference,"researcherssaid.

Whenitwastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent."Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechcouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums,stadiums,themeparksorschools,"theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.

Ituseschannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices."Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingthepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen,aco-authorofthestudy,"There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

Thepeer-reviewedstudy,whichrecentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline."Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssaid.（1）Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?A.

Thefunctionofthetechnique.

B.

Thewaythedeviceworks.C.

Theprinciplethestudyisbasedon.

D.

Thebenefitofthestudyfindings.（2）What'stheadvantageofthedevice?A.

Itsavespeopleindangerofnaturaldisasters.B.

Itpassesthroughbagswithoutdamagingthem.C.

Itusesantennastopickupnetworks'signals.D.

Itprotectspersonalinformationfrombeingdisturbed.（3）WhydidtheresearchersstudythedeviceaccordingtoYingyingChen?A.

Tosavemoneyandlabour.

B.

TomakefulluseofWi-Fi.C.

Toprotectpassengers'privacy.

D.

Toresearchdangerousobjects.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ameliorating"inthelastparagraph?A.

Confirming.

B.

Improving.

C.

Discovering.

D.

Examining.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员发现，WiFi可用于可用于安检。（1）考查段落大意。根据第三段中的“Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.”这个检测系统分析信号在物体和材料上穿透和反射时会发生什么。可知选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.”可知，不用打开和检查人们的个人物品，避免了侵犯隐私，可知选D。（3）考查推理判断，根据第五段中的“Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

在大型公共场所，很难像机场那样设置昂贵的安检设施。检查行李总是需要人力，我们希望开发一种互补的方法来减少人力，可推知选A。（4）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes”今后的工作将继续侧重于提高识别物体和成像形状及体积的准确性，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlength

Flippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendiving

Bumpytuberclesontopofhead

Bodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition

Bushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped

270-400olivebaleenplates

Humpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.

Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa'hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.

Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?A.

Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.B.

Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.C.

Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.D.

Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle'sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales'migration?A.

Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.B.

Theycan'tsurviveinextremecold.C.

Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.D.

TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwaters.（3）Thisarticleismainlyintendedto

.A.

explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldB.

introducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswatersC.

popularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionD.

helpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。（1）考查推理判断。根据第四个小点后的一段"Bodycolorisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition"可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第五个小黑点后面的"Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas."座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故选A。（3）考查主旨大意。本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．犇犇阅读理解

InareasliketheCentralUnitedStatesthatgetlotsoftornadoes,there'sacommonpieceofcelestial（天上的）fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.Researchhasshownthatitisn'tquiteassimpleasthat,butscientistshavefoundthatifyouseeagreensky,youshouldprobablygoinside.Asfarasmostscientistscantell,thegreenskiesaroundpowerfulthunderstormsareusuallyacombinationofredsunsetsandwaterdroplets.

Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff（反射）airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.Sothebluelightgetsbouncedallovertheskyandlookslikeit'scomingfromeverywhere.Meanwhile,aroundsunsetsunlighttravelsthroughsomuchatmospherethatjustaboutalltheblueisbouncedawayfromthehorizon,leavingallthoseredsandorangesbehind.Thesunsetmightlookexclusively（独有的）redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.

Bigtallthreateningstormcloudsaremadeofwaterdroplets,andeventhoughwaterisbestatreflectingbluelight,itcanstillreflectgreenprettywell,muchbetterthanredsandoranges,sounderjusttherightconditions,thewaterinandaroundacloudcanbouncethegreenlighthiddeninthesunsetrightintooureyesmakingtheskylookgreen.

Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.Soifyouseehugestormcloudsrollinginandagreentint（色调）inthesky,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthere'sabouttobeatornado,butitdoesmeanyoushouldprobablyheadindoors.（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

WhyDotheCentralUnitedStatesGetTornadoesB.

DoGreenSkiesMeanaComingTornadoC.

ACommonPieceofCelestialFortune-tellingD.

GreenSkiesAreUniquetoClouds（2）Whyaretheskiesblueinthedaytime?A.

Becauseonlybluelightcanbebouncedinthedaytime.B.

Becausethereismorebluelightthanlightofothercolors.C.

Becausebluelightisbouncedalloverthesky.D.

Becauseredlightisweakerthanbluelight.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?A.

Thesunset.

B.

Redlight.

C.

Bluelight.

D.

Water.（4）Whatcanwelearnaboutfromthetext?A.

Stormcloudsaremadeofwaterdropletsandgreenlight.B.

Watercanreflectredlightaswellasbluelight.C.

Thereareonlyredandorangelightsinthesunsets.D.

Ifyouseeagreensky,therewillbeatornado.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家发现天空呈现绿色并不是产生龙卷风的云层所独有的，有时它们会导致大量降雨，甚至冰雹，待在室内或许是最好的选择。（1）考查主旨大意。通读全文，根据第一段中的“there'sacommonpieceofcelestial（天上的）fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.”和最后一段中的“Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.”可知，本文主要话题是关注绿色的天空是否意味着即将来临的龙卷风展开的，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff（反射）airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.”可知，白天天空是蓝色,因为蓝色短的波长的可见光会反射空气分子比红色的长波长光。故选C。（3）考查代词指代。根据第二段中的“Thesunsetmightlookexclusively（独有的）redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.”可知，选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.”可知，水既能反射蓝光，也能反射红光，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.

Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"---avirtualpersonwhowillbe:immortalized(TF5)inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears

Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.

Someday,Kaplan,whoplayfullyreferstohimselfasapig,mayberememberedasoneoftheworld'sfirstdigitalhumans.

Fordecades,SiliconValleyfuturistshavesoughttofreehumanityfromthelifecycle.Today,anewgenerationofcompaniesissellingsomeapproximation(近似)ofvirtualimmortality,whichgivespeopletheopportunitytopreserveone'slegacy(遗产)onlineforever.

Kaplaniseagertobecomeoneoftheworld'sfirstvirtualresidents,partlybecauseheconsiderstheeffortawaytoextendclosedfamilybondsovermultiplegenerations.

Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss."AndyBot"maybecomeoneoftheworld'sfirst:meaningfulexamples,raisingcomplexphilosophicalquestionsaboutthenatureofimmortalityandthepurposeofexistenceitself.（1）Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.TohighlightKaplan'sachievements.B.Tointroducethetopic--AndyBot.C.ToarousereadersinterestinKaplan.D.TointroduceKaplan'slife.（2）WhydidAndrewKaplanagreetobecomeAndyBot?A.Hewantedtosharehislifeexperienceaslongaspossible.B.Hewantedtomakehislovedonerememberhim.C.Hebelievedthisactionwillhelpwithhisnovels.D.Hecouldliveinthecloudtocontinuehislife.（3）WhatmighttheAndyBotdoforfuturegenerations?A.Hemayusevoicecomputingplatforms.B.Hemayuseanewbodytogoonliving.C.Hemayoffersomeguidance.D.Hemayaskthemquestions.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Philosophicalproblemscanbeworkedoutbymodernscience.B.Peoplecantalkwiththeirlatefamilymembersfreely.C.Scientistshavemadegreatprogressincomputerscience.D.Thereisstillalongwayfordigitalhumanstogo.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome“AndyBot”---avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome‘AndyBot’...avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan.futuregenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判