专题05情态动词和虚拟语气（复习讲义）（原卷版）

专题05情态动词和虚拟语气目录TOC\o"12"\h\u考情分析与命题趋势 1知识体系构建 2考点精析与突破 5考点一：情态动词的基本用法（重点） 5考点二：情态动词表推测（常考点） 6考点三：情态动词+havedone（难点） 7考点四：if条件句中的虚拟语气（重点） 7考点五：其他句型中的虚拟语气（难点） 9实战精练与提升 11一、考试要求情态动词和虚拟语气是高考英语的必考重点，主要考查：情态动词表示推测、能力、许可等基本用法及区别情态动词+havedone结构的用法辨析虚拟语气在条件句、宾语从句、主语从句等句型中的应用二、命题分析1.情态动词高频考点：推测用法及区别、否定式辨析、“情态动词+havedone”语义差异（近3年占语法题35%）2.虚拟语气核心方向：含蓄条件句、名词性从句特殊句式、混合时态虚拟（易错点集中在错综时间条件3.考查形式：单选（60%）、语法填空（30%）、书面表达语境应用（10%）命题趋势：更加注重在真实语境中判断情态动词的语用功能，虚拟语气考查更注重错综时间条件句和含蓄条件句。知识点1、情态动词的基本用法①表推测情态动词语气强度适用句式例句must最强肯定句You’reTom’sroommate,soyoumustknowhisphonenumber.Thegroundiscoveredwithsnow,soitmusthavesnowedlastnight.Theymustbepreparingfortheexamnow.Allthelightsareon.can/could较强（否定/疑问）否定句/疑问句Itcan’tbeMr.Li—he’sinShanghaitoday.Couldhehavefinishedthetaskalone?Shecouldn’thaveliedtome—Itrusther.may/might较弱肯定句/否定句Yourmothermaynotagreewiththisplan.Hemighthavemissedthetrain—heleftlate.Itmayrainthisafternoon,sotakeanumbrella.②表能力/许可/必要功能情态动词关键特征例句能力can/couldcan表现在，could表过去；was/wereableto表“成功做到”Marycanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.Hecouldswimacrosstheriverwhenhewas10.Despitetheinjury,hewasabletofinishtherace.许可can/could/maycould/may更委婉，肯定回答用canMayIein,sir?Youcanborrowthisbookfortwoweeks.必要must/havetomust表主观，haveto表客观；否定用needn’tWemusthandinthereportbyFriday.It’srainingheavily,sowehavetostayindoors.—MustIwaithere?—No,youneedn’t.知识点2、特殊结构：情态动词+havedone结构核心含义例句musthavedone对过去的肯定推测Thedoorislocked—shemusthavegoneout.Hemusthavestudiedhard.Hegotfullmarks.film.Itsthaveseenthefilm.It’severywhere.should/oughttohavedone本应做却未做Youshouldhavetoldmethetruthearlier.Sheoughttohavearrivedbynow.Weshouldhavepreparedfortheinterviewbetter.couldhavedone本可做却未做Icouldhavepassedtheexamwithmoreeffort.Hecouldhavehelpedyou—whydidn’tyouask?Wecouldhavecaughtthebusifwe’drunfaster.needn’thavedone本不必做却做了Youneedn’thaveboughtsomuchfood.Sheneedn’thaveesoearly.It’s8o’clocknow.Weneedn’thavetakenumbrellas—itdidn’train.知识点3、条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟类型从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在相反过去式（be用were）would/could/might/should+doIfIwereyou,Iwouldchoosetheblueone.Ifhehadtime,hecouldhelpus.Ifitsnowednow,wemightbuildasnowman.与过去相反had+donewould/could/might/should+havedoneIfyouhadcalledme,Iwouldhavee.Ifshehadstudiedharder,shecouldhavepassed.与将来相反过去式/should+do/weretodowould/could/might/should+doIfitrainedtomorrow,wewouldcancelthetrip.Ifheshoulde,tellhimtowait.Ifsheweretomarryhim,shemightregretit.知识点4、混合虚拟条件句规则：从句与主句动作发生时间不同，谓语按各自时间调整Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句过去→主句现在）Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbecoldtoday.（从句过去→主句现在）Ifsheweremorecareful,shewouldn’thavemadethatmistake.（从句现在→主句过去）知识点5、含蓄虚拟条件句标志词：without,butfor,otherwise,or,but等Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferent.(electricity...noelectricity...)Butforyourhelp,wewouldhavelostthegame.(=Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp...)Hewasbusy;otherwise,hewouldhavee.(=Ifhehadn’tbeenbusy...)知识点6、名词性从句中的虚拟语气从句类型触发词谓语结构例句宾语从句suggest,demand,order,request...(should)+doIsuggestedthatwe(should)holdameeting.Hedemandedthatshe(should)apologize.Theteacherorderedthatthework(should)befinished.主语从句It’snecessary/strange/importantthat...(should)+doIt’snecessarythatwe(should)wearmasks.It’sstrangethathe(should)refusetheoffer.It’simportantthatshe(should)getenoughrest.知识点7、特殊句型中的虚拟语气句型谓语结构例句wish+宾语从句现在：过去式；过去：had+done；将来：would+doIwishIwereabird.Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.Iwishitwouldstopraining.ifonly...现在：过去式；过去：had+done；将来：would+doIfonlyweknewwhereheis.Ifonlythealarmhadrung.Ifonlyitwouldbesunnytomorrow.asif/though现在：过去式；过去：had+doneShelooksasifshewereill.Hetalkedasifhehadknownher.Itseemsasifitwouldsnow.wouldrather+宾语从句现在/将来：过去式；过去：had+doneIwouldrathershecametomorrow.Iwouldratherhedidn’tgothere.Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldhim.It’s(high)timethat...过去式/should+doIt’stimethatwewenttobed.It’shightimethatheshouldworkhard.It’stimethattheystartedpreparing.考点一：情态动词的基本用法解题策略根据语境判断情态动词的功能（推测、许可、义务等）注意情态动词的现在/过去形式对应关系区分must与haveto的主观客观差异情态动词表推测的三重陷阱陷阱1：mustn’t表禁止≠不必（不必用needn’t）​Youmustn’tfinishittoday.✘Youneedn’tfinishittoday.✔​陷阱2：could表过去能力≠过去推测​Hecouldswimat5.（能力）Hecouldhaveswumhere.（推测）​陷阱3：maynot表可能不≠禁止（禁止用mustn’t）​Youmaynotsmokehere.✘Youmustn’tsmokehere.✔例1Ifyou______(tell)meyesterday,Iwouldknowwhattodonow.例2Butforthestorm,we______(arrive)ontime.【巩固训练】Inmanyschools,students______usemobilephonesduringclasstimeaccordingtotheregulations.【巩固训练】—TheprojectisduenextMonday.—Don’tworry.We______pleteitontimeaswe'vemadefullpreparations.考点二：情态动词表推测解题策略must表示肯定推测（只用于肯定句）can’t表示否定推测（不可能）may/might/could表示可能性推测注意对现在、过去、将来的不同推测结构推测用法梳理一、对现在情况的推测​Hemustbeinthelibrarynow.（肯定）Shecan’tbeathome;hercarisn'there.（否定）Theymay/might/couldbewatchingTV.（可能）二、对过去情况的推测Youmusthaveseenthemovie;everyoneistalkingaboutit.Shecan’thavetakenthemoney;shewaswithmeallday.Hemay/might/couldhaveforgottenourappointment.三、对将来情况的推测Itshouldbefinetomorrowaftertherainstops.Thetrainmightbedelayedduetotheheavysnow.Theyoughttoarriveby6o’clockifthetrafficisgood.例1Lookatthedarkclouds.It______rainthisafternoon.You’dbettertakeanumbrella.【巩固训练】Susanhasn’tarrivedyet.She______(miss)thetrain,asthere’susuallyheavytrafficatthistime.【巩固训练】—IsawMr.Smithinthesupermarketyesterday.—You______(see)him;he’sbeenabroadforamonth.考点三：情态动词+havedone解题策略should/oughttohavedone：过去应该做而实际未做could/mighthavedone：过去本能够/可能做而实际未做needn'thavedone：过去不必做而实际做了musthavedone：对过去情况的肯定推测重要结构一、批评/遗憾​Youshouldhavetoldmethetruthearlier.Heoughttohavebeenmorecarefulwiththeexpensiveequipment.二、本能够/可能​IcouldhavepassedtheexamifIhadstudiedharder.Wemighthavewonthegamewithbetterpreparation.三、不必要Youneedn’thaveboughtsomuchfood;we'renotveryhungry.Sheneedn’thaveworriedabouttheinterview;itwasquiteeasy.四、肯定推测Thegroundiswet;itmusthaverainedlastnight.Theymusthaveworkedallnighttofinishtheproject.例1I______(finish)thereportyesterday,butIwastoobusywithotherassignments.【巩固训练】You______(e)allthewaytomyoffice;Icouldhavesentyouthedocumentsbyemail.【巩固训练】Theroomisspotless.Someone______(clean)itthoroughlybeforewearrived.考点四：if条件句中的虚拟语气解题策略准确判断虚拟时间（现在、过去、将来）掌握主从句谓语动词的对应形式注意错综时间条件句的时间搭配例1______(leave)earlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthefirsttrain.【巩固训练】IfI______(be)morecareful,theaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.【巩固训练】Whatwouldyousayifyou______(meet)yourfavoritemoviestar?考点五：其他句型中的虚拟语气解题策略识别特定句型结构（wish,asif,it'stime等）判断虚拟时间并选择正确动词形式注意含蓄条件句的虚拟语气重要句型一、wish后的宾语从句​​IwishIweretaller.（现在）IwishIhadstudiedharderwhenIwasinhighschool.（过去）IwishIcouldtravelaroundtheworldsomeday.（将来）二、asif/though引导的方式状语从句​​Hetalksasifhekneweverythingaboutthesubject.Shelookedasifshehadseenaghost.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.三、It’s(high/about)timethat...​It’shightimethatwetookactiontoprotecttheenvironment.It’sabouttimethatyoushouldmakeupyourmind.四、wouldrather后的宾语从句​Iwouldratheryoudidn’tsmokehere.Iwouldratheryouhadtoldmethetruthyesterday.五、建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句​​Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)giveupsmoking.Theydemandedthatthework(should)befinishedbyFriday.例1Themanagerinsistedthatthemeeting______(be)postponeduntilnextweek.【巩固训练】I’dratheryou______(tell)methetruthinsteadofhidingitfromme.【巩固训练】It’shightimethatwe______(take)seriousmeasurestoaddresstheenvironmentalissues一、单句语法填空1.Asthedeadlineisdrawingnear,nooneleavewithhisownworkunpleted.2.YoutakephotosofpeopleinEgyptwithoutfirstaskingforpermission.3.Iactuallyhaveboughtsomuchfood—onlythreepeoplecame.4.Accordingtothenewlymadetrafficregulation,whoeverdrivesthrougharedlightbefinedatleast200dollars.5.Ifawisdomtoothbringsyoutoomuchpain,yougotoadentist（牙医）andhaveitpulledout.

6.Theyalsohelpyouhaveagreatsmile.7.Often,culturesberecognizedbywhatthepeoplebelieve.8.Teambuildingactivitiesmakeagreatdifferencewhenitestojobsatisfactionandorganizationalsuccess.9.Theycausedisfort,buttrytochallengetheseworriesandreplacethemwithmorehelpfulthoughts.10.Ifyouhaveaproblemwithaproduct,localstoreowners,whoevenknowyoubyname,areoftenwillingtohelp.11.Mysuggestionisthattheproblem(discuss)atthemeetingassoonaspossible.12.IfonlyI(be)abirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky!13.IfonlyI(know)hername.14.IwouldratherI(follow)youradviceyesterday.15.Dressedup,shelooksasifshe(be)tenyearsyounger.16.Theofficialdemandedthatfoodsandothersupplies(send)tothedisasterareaimmediately.17.Thefirefightersfailedtosavethedog’sownerbecauseifthey(walk)ontothemud,theywouldhavesunk,too.18.Butforyourtimelyhelp,we(lose)thematchyesterday.19.IfI(be)athomeinCambodia,Iwouldhavetogooutdoors.20.Attheroutineofficemeeting,theheadmasterinsistedtheproblemsreferredto