陕西省西安市某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期开学英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西省西安市某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期开学英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AToincreaseyourchancesoflandinganassignmentforatravelguidebook,youneedtofindoutwhatthepublishersarelookingfor．Herearelinkstotheirsubmissionguidelineswithafewspecialrequirementsandtips．Fonor'sFonor'sisapublishingcompanyofbothtravelguidebooksandonlinecontentcoveringthousandsofdestinationsworldwide．VisitFonors．com/about-us,andnearthebottomofthepageyou'llfind"WriteforUs"withinformationforsubmittingarticles．Doremembertoattachacopyofoneofyourotherworkswhencontributing．☆TIP:Fonor'salwayshireswriterswholiveinthedestinationstheycover．So,it'sgoodtoremember:Whileyoumaywanttowriteaboutaforeigndestination,morethanlikelyyou'reclosertobeinganexpertabouttheplacewhereyoulive．WorkmanWorkmanpublishesuniqueandunexpectedtravelguidessuchas1,000PlacestoSeeBeforeYouDie,andTheFoodLover'sGuidetoParis．Considerthemifyou'reinterestedinwritinganontraditionaltravelguide．Youcanfindtheirsubmissionguidelinesatworkman．com/work-with-us．Theyrequireatypicalnonfictionbookproposalwithasuggestedtableofcontentsandauthorinformation．Achapterofyourotherbooksisalsorequired．Sendyoursubmissionstosubmissions@．☆TIP:Iftheydon'tacceptyourarticle,youmightbeluckyenoughtogetfeedbackaboutwhy．LonelyPlanetWriterscangetintouchwithLonelyPlanetbyvisitingtheir"BecomeaContributor"pageatLonelyP/contribute．Atthatpageyou'llfindaformaskingforaresume（简历）andlinkstoyourotherwriting,butthere'salsospaceformoretravel-relatedinformationsuchasgeographicalknowledgeandleveloffluencyinrelevantlanguages．☆TIP:You'llfindtheyalsoacceptarticlesfor"TravelNews"．Iftheysayyes,youmaygetanotherchanceforabiggerjobsuchasaguidebook．Formoreinformationonpublishers,pleasevisitContributorsD．1.Thispassageismainlyfor_______________．A.guides B.writersC.travelers D.publishers2.Whomayprovideadviceonhowtoimprovearticles?A.Fonor's． B.Workman．C.LonelyPlanet． D.Contributor'sDigest．3.Whatisrequiredbyallthecompanies?A.Geographicalknowledge． B.Nontraditionalideas．C.Overseasexperience． D.Previouswriting．【答案】1.B2.B3.D【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了三个出版社接受文章的标准，出版社网址以及一些特殊要求和提示。【1题详析】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“Toincreaseyourchancesoflandinganassignmentforatravelguidebook,youneedtofindoutwhatthepublishersarelookingfor．Herearelinkstotheirsubmissionguidelineswithafewspecialrequirementsandtips．（为了增加你得到编写旅行指南工作的机会，你需要明白出版商想要的是什么。以下是他们网站的链接，其中有一些特殊要求和提示。）”可以推知，本篇文章主要是通过介绍一些出版社，为作家提供机会。故选B项。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据文章“Workman”部分的小贴士“Iftheydon'tacceptyourarticle,youmightbeluckyenoughtogetfeedbackaboutwhy．（如果他们不接受你的文章，你可能会很幸运地得到关于原因的反馈。）”可知BWorkman．可以就如何改进文章提供建议。故选B项。【3题详析】推理判断题。通过文章“Fonor's”部分“Doremembertoattachacopyofoneofyourotherworkswhencontributing．（请记住在投稿时附上您的其他作品的副本。）”和“Workman”部分“Achapterofyourotherbooksisalsorequired．（你的其他书籍的一章也是必需的。）”以及“LonelyPlanet”部分“Atthatpageyou'llfindaformaskingforaresume（简历）andlinkstoyourotherwriting.(在那一页，你会看到一张要求提供简历和你其他作品的链接的表格。)”可以推知，所有公司都要求作者有作品，即有写作经验。故选D项。BEveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcernthatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggrey.Myspiritsebb,astheydidduringanAprilsnowfallwhenIfirstcametoMaine.“Justwait,”aneighbouradvised.“You’llwakeuponemorningandspringwilljustbehere.”Andlook,on3MaythatyearIawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofflippingaswitch.Hills,sky,andforestrevealedtheirpurples,blues,andgreens.Leaveshadunfoldedanddaffodilswerefightingtheirwayheavenward.Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighbourhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.Thetree’sdarktwistedbranchesstretchoutinunprunedabandon.Eachspringitblossomssofreelythattheairbecomesfilledwiththescentofapple.Untillastyear,IthoughtIwastheonlyoneawareofthistree.Andthenoneday,inabitofspringmadness,Isetouttoremoveafewdisorderlybranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighboursopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches.ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknewandseldomspoketo,butitwasasifIhadcomeuninvitedintotheirpersonalgardens.Mymobile-homeneighbourwasthefirsttospeak.“You’renotcuttingitdown,areyou?”sheaskedanxiously.AnotherneighbourfrownedasIcutoffabranch.“Don’tkillit,now,”hewarned.Soon,halftheneighbourhoodhadjoinedmeundertheappletree.ItstruckmethatIhadlivedthereforfiveyearsandonlynowwaslearningthesepeople’snames,whattheydidforaliving,andhowtheypassedthewinter.Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.Icouldn’thelprecallingRobertFrost’swords:Thetreesthathaveitintheirpent-upbudsTodarkennatureandbesummerwoodsOnethaw(解冻)ledtoanother.Justtheotherday,Isawoneofmyneighboursatthelocalstore.Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandcomplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighbourhood.Andthen,helookedatmeandsaid,“Weneedtoprunethatappletreeagain.”4.Bysayingthat“myspiritsebb”inparagraph1,theauthormeansthat.A.hefeelsrelieved B.heischeerfulC.heisastonished D.hefeelsblue5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheappletreeaccordingtothepassage?A.Nooneotherthantheauthorcaresabouttheappletree.B.Itgrowsonpublicproperty.C.ItisasourceoffreshfruitfortheneighbourhoodD.Itiscarefullyattendedtobytheauthor.6.Itcanbeinferredfromtheneighbour’swordsinthelastparagraphthat.A.Hehasapassionforgardening.B.Hewasconcernedaboutthesafetyofthetree.C.Heenjoyedthecompanyofhisneighbours.D.Hechangedhismindaboutpruningthetree.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheBeautyofNatureB.TheSecretoftheAppleTree.C.UndertheBlossoms.D.TheSpringinMaine.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在缅因州经历的春天景象，以及一棵老苹果树如何成为邻里间交流和联系的纽带，展现了自然之美和邻里之间的温情。【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“EveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcernthatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggrey.(每年四月，我都会被同样的担忧所困扰，担心今年春天不会到来。风景看起来单调乏味，山峦、天空和森林都是灰色的。)”以及“astheydidduringanAprilsnowfallwhenIfirstcametoMaine.(就像我第一次来到缅因州时四月的降雪一样。)”可知，作者初到缅因州时，四月的景色单调灰暗，甚至还下过雪，这样的景象让作者情绪低落，因此，“Myspiritsebb”指的是“hefeelsblue(他感到沮丧)”。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighbourhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.(它坐落在我家附近的一块未开发的土地上。它不属于任何人，因此属于每个人。)”可知，这棵苹果树生长不属于任何人地方，因此属于大家，即生长在公共土地上，属于公共财产。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandcomplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighbourhood.Andthen,helookedatmeandsaid,“Weneedtoprunethatappletreeagain.”(他提到这个冬天格外漫长，还抱怨说很久没和邻里的人好好见个面、聊聊天了。接着，他看着我说：“我们得再修剪一下那棵苹果树了。”)”可知，邻居抱怨冬天漫长，没有和社区的人长时间交流，然后提出再修剪苹果树，由此可推知，他享受和邻居在一起的时光。故选C项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Thentherewastheoldappletree.(还有那棵老苹果树。)”以及第五段中“Soon,halftheneighbourhoodhadjoinedmeundertheappletree.ItstruckmethatIhadlivedthereforfiveyearsandonlynowwaslearningthesepeople’snames,whattheydidforaliving,andhowtheypassedthewinter.Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.(很快，半个街区的人都来和我一起待在苹果树下了。我突然意识到，自己在这儿住了五年，直到现在才知道这些人的名字、他们的谋生方式，以及他们是如何过冬的。那棵老苹果树仿佛就是要把我们聚集在它的枝丫下，既让我们彼此相识，又让我们一同感受这份奇妙。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在缅因州经历的春天景象，以及一棵老苹果树如何成为邻里间交流和联系的纽带，C项“UndertheBlossoms(繁花之下)”，既体现了文章中的苹果树这一核心元素，又富有诗意，能够吸引读者，适宜作为标题使用。故选C项。CIsforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.8.WhatisDroll’sideaaboutforgiveness?A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.B.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.C.Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.D.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.9.Whatdoestheexampleinparagraph2illustrate?A.Toforgiveistolove. B.Todominateistoharm.C.Tofightistogrow. D.Togiveistoreceive.10.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardforgiveness?A.Favorable. B.Reserved. C.Objective. D.Skeptical.11.Whatismessageofthelastparagraph?A.Forgivenessisinournature. B.Forgivenessgrowswithtime.C.Ittakespracticetoforgive. D.Actualityisbasedonpotentiality.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。本文主要介绍了关于宽恕的两种不同观点，说明宽恕在生活中的重要性，并告诉我们可以通过练习提高宽恕能力。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.(在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供怜悯时，正在损害自己的幸福，而他人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕者在向他人提供怜悯时，正在损害自己的幸福，由此可知，Droll认为宽恕别人的人会影响自己的幸福。故选D项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?(即使是常识也强烈表明，支配他人的意愿不利于和谐的互动。例如，奴隶制作为一种社会和谐模式的效果如何？)”可知，第二段告诉我们支配他人的意愿不利于和谐的互动，并列举了奴隶制的例子，由此可知，第2段中的例子说明了支配就是伤害，不利于和谐的互动。故选B项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.(从我们作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生物和心理完整性中起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨和恢复和谐。)”可知，作者认为宽恕起着关键作用，可以减少仇恨和恢复和谐，由此可知，作者对宽恕的态度是赞许的。故选A项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段关键句“Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.(我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，而是有可能了解它并提高我们的宽恕能力。宽恕的现实性，即在冲突局势中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段表明我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但可以通过练习了解并提高我们的宽恕能力，由此可知，最后一段的意思是宽恕需要练习。故选C项。D“Digitalswitching”isatermreferstothemodernhabitofswiping(刷)throughandfast-forwardingonlinevideos.ResearchersfromCanadadidsomeexplorationofit.KayY.Y.Tam,apsychologyresearcher,launchedthestudyafternoticingherself—andprettymucheveryoneelse—swipingthroughonlinevideos.Thisbehaviorwasconnectedwiththe“BoredomFeedbackModel”,atheoryshehadpublishedin2021.Boredom,sheproposed,isrootedinattentionshifts.Theseshiftsoftenoccurwhenthere’sagapbetweenhowengagedpeopleactuallyfeelandhowengagedtheywanttofeel.Theunpleasantemotioncandevelopwhenasituationlacksnoveltyormeaning.“Asdigitalswitchinginvolvesfrequentattentionshifts,Iwonderedhowthisbehaviormightinfluenceourfeelingsofboredom,”Tamsaid.Inherstudy,morethan1,200participants,manyofthemuniversitystudents,firstwatchedasinglevideofortenminutes.Theywerethenpresentedwithsevenshortervideos,withtheoptiontoskiptothenext.Onaverage,theyskippedeighttimes—butreportedfeelingmoreboredandlessengagedwhentheywatchedthesinglevideo.Participantshadasimilarexperienceinanothersimilarexperiment.“I’mconvincedthatswitching,whenitcomestovideos,isnotagoodideaifthegoalistohaveanenjoyableexperience,”saidErinWestgate,aprofessorofpsychology.“Sittingandtoughingitoutislikelyabetterchoice.”Thenewfindingsaddtoagrowingbodyofevidencethatboredomisontherise,despiteaworldfilledwithcontentwecanaccessatalltimes.Peoplewhoareboredoftenturntotheirphones,onlytofeelmorebored.Swipingonsocialmediahasalsobeenlinkedtoincreasedfeelingsofboredom.Boredomcanmotivatepeopletoexploretheirenvironmentandtostopinvestingtimeinanactivitythathaslittletooffer.However,ifwerelytoomuchonquickescapes,itwouldbelikeananimaljumpingfromtreetotreeinsearchoffoodwithoutstayinglongenoughtoseeifatreebearsfruit.Thatanimalrisksstarvation.12.WhatisthecauseofattentionshiftsaccordingtoTam’stheory?A.Theunsatisfieddesire. B.Thefeelingofboredom.C.Thedegreeofengagement. D.Thelackofemotion.13.WhatdoesTam’sstudyof“digitalswitching”focuson?A.Itsreason. B.Itsconsequence.C.Thesolutiontoit. D.Thetheorybehindit.14.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Tosolveaproblem. B.Tomakeasuggestion.C.Toraiseaquestion. D.Togiveawarning.15.Whatdoesthecomparisonbetween“digitalswitching”andananimaljumpingfromtreetotreeimply?A.Digitalswitchingcanleadtoawasteoftimeandeffort.B.Animalsaremoreefficientthanhumansinsearchingforresources.C.Boredomisanaturalresponsetounproductiveactivities.D.Quickescapescanpreventusfromachievingmeaningfulengagement.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字切换”这一行为，包括其与注意力转移、无聊感的关系，以及过度依赖“数字切换”可能带来的问题。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Boredom,sheproposed,isrootedinattentionshifts.Theseshiftsoftenoccurwhenthere’sagapbetweenhowengagedpeopleactuallyfeelandhowengagedtheywanttofeel.Theunpleasantemotioncandevelopwhenasituationlacksnoveltyormeaning.(她提出，无聊源于注意力转移。当人们实际的投入程度与他们想要的投入程度之间存在差距时，这些转移经常会发生。当一种情况缺乏新奇感或意义时，这种不愉快的情绪就会产生。)”可知，当人们实际投入程度与想要的投入程度有差距时，注意力就会转移，由此可知，注意力转移的原因是人们未满足的欲望。故选A项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的““Asdigitalswitchinginvolvesfrequentattentionshifts,Iwonderedhowthisbehaviormightinfluenceourfeelingsofboredom,”Tamsaid.(‘由于数字切换涉及频繁的注意力转移，我想知道这种行为可能如何影响我们的无聊感，’塔姆说。)”以及第四段中的“Onaverage,theyskippedeighttimes—butreportedfeelingmoreboredandlessengagedwhentheywatchedthesinglevideo.Participantshadasimilarexperienceinanothersimilarexperiment.(平均来说，他们跳过了八次——但当他们观看单个视频时，他们表示感到更无聊，投入度更低。参与者在另一个类似的实验中也有类似的经历。)”可知，塔姆对“数字切换”的研究重点是这种行为的后果，即人们在进行“数字切换”后感到更无聊和投入度更低。故选B项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boredomcanmotivatepeopletoexploretheirenvironmentandtostopinvestingtimeinanactivitythathaslittletooffer.However,ifwerelytoomuchonquickescapes,itwouldbelikeananimaljumpingfromtreetotreeinsearchoffoodwithoutstayinglongenoughtoseeifatreebearsfruit.Thatanimalrisksstarvation.(无聊可以激励人们探索他们的环境，并停止在几乎没有回报的活动上投入时间。然而，如果我们过度依赖快速逃避，就像一只动物从一棵树跳到另一棵树寻找食物，却没有停留足够的时间去看一棵树是否结果。那只动物有饿死的风险。)”可知，最后一段通过把过度依赖快速逃避（“数字切换”）比喻成动物在林间跳跃寻找食物最终可能导致饿死，来警示读者这种行为可能导致的不好的结果；由此可知，最后一段的主要目的是发出警告，故选D项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However,ifwerelytoomuchonquickescapes,itwouldbelikeananimaljumpingfromtreetotreeinsearchoffoodwithoutstayinglongenoughtoseeifatreebearsfruit.Thatanimalrisksstarvation.(然而，如果我们过度依赖快速逃避，就像一只动物从一棵树跳到另一棵树寻找食物，却没有停留足够的时间去看一棵树是否结果。那只动物有饿死的风险。)”可知，将“数字切换”与动物从一棵树跳到另一棵树作比较，意味着快速逃避（“数字切换”）会阻止我们实现有意义的投入，就像动物没有在一棵树上停留足够时间，无法收获果实一样。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FosteringHappiness:StrengtheningYourRewardSensitivityInourbusylives,weoftenpassupchancesforjoy.Wemightskipabirthdaypartyorcancelalunchdate,thinkingit’snotworththetrouble.Butthisusuallymakesusfeelevenmoredownlater.Thesecrettochangingthisistostrengthen“rewardsensitivity”.____16____Rewardsensitivityislikeamuscle.Itcangrowstrongerwithregularpractice.Whenwetrainourselvestonoticeandvaluepositiveemotions,wecanbecomehappier.____17____Theyoftenstruggletofeelpleasure,aconditioncalledanhedonia(unabletoexperiencejoy).A2023studyshowedthattherapyfocusingonpositiveemotionshelpsmentalhealthmorethantreatmentsjustreducingnegativesymptoms.Agreatwaytostrengthenrewardsensitivityistoplanasmall,funactivitydaily.____18____Describeitindetail,focusingonthefeelingsandexperiences.Thispractice,knownas“savoring(尽情享受),”makespositivefeelingsstrongerandgivesyoumoremotivationtoseeksimilarexperiencesinthefuture.____19____.Insteadofsimplylabelinganexperience“good”,usemoreprecisewordslike“thrilled,”“inspired,or“peaceful”.Sharingpositivemomentswithotherscanmakethesemomentsevenmoremeaningful,strengtheningsocialbondsandspreadinghappiness.It’simportanttorememberthatembracinghappinessdoesn’tmeanignoringpain.____20____Byusingthesestrategiesinyourdailylife,youcancultivateastrongersenseofrewardsensitivityandchangehowyouexperienceandpursuehappiness.A.Afterward,takeamomenttorecalltheexperience.B.It’stheabilitytofindandtrulyenjoypositiveexperiences.C.Weoftenavoidsuchactivities,whichmakeourmooddecline.D.Thisisespeciallyimportantforthosewithdepressionoranxiety.E.Thispracticehelpsyoubetterunderstandandenjoypositivefeelings.F.Despitelife’schallenges,feelingjoyhelpsrestorebalanceandtoughness.G.Beyondsavoring,expandingyouremotionalvocabularycanalsohelp.【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.G20.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何通过增强“奖励敏感性”来培养幸福感。【16题详析】根据上文“Thesecrettochangingthisistostrengthen“rewardsensitivity”.(改变这种状况的秘密是增强“奖励敏感性”)”可知，空处需要解释什么是“奖励敏感性”，B选项“它是发现和真正享受积极体验的能力”符合语境，对“奖励敏感性”进行了明确的定义和解释。故选B。【17题详析】根据下文“Theyoftenstruggletofeelpleasure,aconditioncalledanhedonia(无法体验快乐).(他们常常难以感受到快乐，这种状况被称为快感缺失)”可知，空处提到的人群可能存在某种心理问题，D选项“这对于那些患有抑郁症或焦虑症的人来说尤为重要”与上文形成衔接，指出了这类人群在奖励敏感性方面的特殊需求。故选D。【18题详析】根据上文“Agreatwaytostrengthenrewardsensitivityistoplanasmall,funactivitydaily.(增强奖励敏感性的一个好方法是每天计划一个小而有趣的活动)”可知，空处应该描述活动结束后的做法，A选项“之后，花点时间回忆一下这个经历”符合语境，指出了活动结束后应该进行回忆和反思。故选A。【19题详析】根据下文“Insteadofsimplylabelinganexperience“good”,usemoreprecisewordslike“thrilled”,“inspired”,or“peaceful”.(不要只是简单地将一次经历标记为“好”，而是使用更精确的词汇，如“激动”、“受到启发”或“平静”。)”可知，空处应该提到与情感词汇相关的内容，G选项“除了尽情享受，扩展你的情感词汇也能有所帮助”符合语境，引出了后文关于使用更精确情感词汇的建议。故选G。【20题详析】根据上文“It’simportanttorememberthatembracinghappinessdoesn’tmeanignoringpain.(重要的是要记住，拥抱幸福并不意味着忽视痛苦)”可知，应该说明尽管生活中有挑战，但感受快乐仍然有其重要意义，F选项“尽管生活充满挑战，但感受快乐有助于恢复平衡和坚韧”符合语境，强调了快乐在生活中的积极作用。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。You'venodoubtseenmanyanimalrescues,fromfirestofloods.Butthisstoryisoneofakind.“It'san___21___thingtosee,”JohnPtaszenskisaid.“Ifwehadn'tcaughtthatoncamera,noonewouldhaveeverbelievedit.”The___22___unfoldedatabackyardcookoutinBurton,Michigan.Long-timefriendsJohnPtaszenski,TylerWhalenandBillMessengerwerejust___23___theirweeklycookoutwhenaraccoonappeared.“Theraccoonhadjust___24___anAmericansinglecheeseslice,aharmless___25___,untilitbecamecleartoeveryonethatthismammalhadbittenoffwaymorethanitcould___26___.Theynoticedtheraccoon“pointingatitsneck,likethe___27___signforchoking.”“Billjustsprangintoactionandstartedhittingitsback,”saidPtaszenskiofthe___28___,whichwasrecordedoncellphonevideo.“Icouldnotbelievea___29___raccoonwaslettinghimhititinthebackthathard.Theraccoonwas____30____backintoit,like,‘Helpmeout,brother!’”AsBillhelpedtheraccoon,thecheesecameflyingoutofits____31____.Theraccoonremained____32____inthebackyardbeforeslowlywalkingaway.SuzanneMacDonald,ananimalbehaviourexpert,explainsthatachokinganimalcannot____33____you.Butregardless,thethreefriendsbelievedtheyhadno____34____.“Weallthoughtitwasgoingto____35____,”Billsaid.“Wewereexcitedforthatlittleguy.Hewasoneofusatthatpoint.”21.A.awkward B.awful C.unforgettable D.unbelievable22.A.drama B.dilemma C.conflict D.coincidence23.A.takingout B.throwingaway C.wrappingup D.mixingwith24.A.spread B.received C.stolen D.tore25.A.habit B.trick C.idea D.treat26.A.witness B.chew C.suffer D.reward27.A.positive B.funny C.universal D.extraordinary28.A.incident B.tension C.depression D.sacrifice29.A.hungry B.wild C.crazy D.curious30.A.jumping B.looking C.lying D.leaning31.A.stomach B.teeth C.nest D.throat32.A.miserably B.briefly C.bravely D.eventually33.A.defend B.bear C.bite D.scare34.A.support B.courage C.intention D.choice35.A.die B.leave C.run D.fight【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.C25.D26.B27.C28.A29.B30.A31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在密歇根州伯顿的一次后院野餐中，几个朋友救助了一只被奶酪噎住的浣熊的故事。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这是一件令人难以置信的事情，”约翰・普塔曾斯基说。“如果我们没有用相机拍下来，没有人会相信。”A.awkward尴尬的；B.awful糟糕的；C.unforgettable难忘的；D.unbelievable难以置信的。根据后文“noonewouldhaveeverbelievedit”可知，这件事让人难以相信，故选D。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一幕发生在密歇根州伯顿的一次后院野餐中。A.drama戏剧性事件；B.dilemma困境；C.conflict冲突；D.coincidence巧合。根据下文可知，几个朋友救助了一只被奶酪噎住的浣熊，所以这是戏剧性事件，故选A。【23题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：约翰・普塔曾斯基、泰勒・惠伦和比尔・梅森这几个老朋友正在结束他们每周一次的野餐时，一只浣熊出现了。A.takingout拿出；B.throwingaway扔掉；C.wrappingup结束；D.mixingwith混合。根据语境，他们当时差不多要结束野餐了，故选C。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只浣熊刚刚偷走了一片美国单片干酪，一种无害的小吃，直到大家发现这只哺乳动物咬下的东西远远超出了它咀嚼的。A.spread传播；B.received收到；C.stolen偷；Dtore撕。结合语境，浣熊是自己拿走了奶酪，用“偷”更合适，故选C。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只浣熊刚刚偷走了一片美国单片干酪，一种无害的甜食，直到大家发现这只哺乳动物咬下的东西远远超出了它咀嚼的。A.habit习惯；B.trick把戏；C.idea想法；D.treat甜食。根据上文“cheeseslice”可知，干酪是一种甜食，故选D。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只浣熊刚刚偷走了一片美国单片干酪，一种无害的甜食，直到大家发现这只哺乳动物咬下的东西远远超出了它咀嚼的。A.witness见证；B.chew咀嚼；C.suffer遭受；D.reward奖励。根据下文，浣熊被奶酪噎住，说明它咬的奶酪超出了能咀嚼的量，故选B。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们注意到浣熊“指着它的脖子，就像通用的窒息标志。”A.positive积极的；B.funny有趣的；C.universal通用的；D.extraordinary非凡的。根据上文“pointingatitsneck”可知，此处指浣熊的动作像人们通用的表示窒息的手势，故选C。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“比尔突然行动起来，开始敲它的背，”普塔森斯基说，这一事件被用手机录了下来。A.incident事件；B.tension紧张；C.depression沮丧；D.sacrifice牺牲。这里指浣熊被噎住后被救助这件事，故选A。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不敢相信一只野生浣熊会让他这么用力地打它的背。A.hungry饥饿的；B.wild野生的；C.crazy疯狂的；D.curious好奇的。结合常识，浣熊是野生动物，故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：浣熊又跳了回去，好像在说：“兄弟，帮帮我！”。A.jumping跳；B.looking看；C.lying躺；D.leaning靠。根据上文“lettinghimhititinthebackthathard”可知，浣熊被拍背时跳了起来，故选A。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当比尔帮助浣熊时，奶酪从它的喉咙里飞了出来。A.stomach胃；B.teeth牙齿；C.nest巢；D.throat喉咙。根据上文“choking”可知，因为浣熊是被噎住，所以奶酪是从喉咙里出来的，故选D。【32题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：浣熊在院子里短暂停留了一会儿，然后慢慢走开了。A.miserably悲惨地；B.briefly短暂地；C.bravely勇敢地；D.eventually最终。根据下文“beforeslowlywalkingaway.”这里指浣熊在院子里短暂停留，故选B。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：动物行为专家苏珊娜・麦克唐纳解释说，窒息的动物不会咬你。A.defend防御；B.bear忍受；C.bite咬；D.scare惊吓。根据上文“bittenoffway”可知，专家说窒息的动物无力咬人，故选C。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但不管怎样，这三个朋友认为他们别无选择。A.support支持；B.courage勇气；C.intention意图；D.choice选择。这里指他们觉得必须要帮助浣熊，没有其他选择，故选D。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们都以为它要死了，”比尔说。”A.die死；B.leave离开；C.run跑；D.fight战斗。因为浣熊被噎住情况危急，他们以为它会死去，故选A。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AttheeasternfoothillsoftheHelanMountainsinNingxiaHuiautonomousregion____36____(lie)alandthathasstoodsilentforathousandyears.Ninetoweringearthenplatformsrisebeforethemountains,surroundedbyhundredsofsatellitetombsscatteredlikestars.OriginallyfromtheQinghai-TibetPlateau,theTangutpeopleduringtheirmigrationsgraduallyabsorbedculturalinfluencesfromotherethnicgroups.ThisrichculturalexchangeeventuallyledtothefoundingoftheXixiaregimeontheYinchuanPlain,____37____diversetraditionsmet,mingled(交融)andslowlymergedinto____38____uniquecivilization.Amongthe____39____(count)artifactsfromtheWesternXiaimperialtombs,theXixiagiltbronzebull,____40____itsstrongbuild,raisedhornsandpowerful,flowingmuscles,appearsalmostlifelike.ThisstrikingstatuestandsasamasterpieceofXixiametalwork,____41____(reflect)bothexceptionalcraftsmanshipandtheadvancedcivilizationbehindit.Today,fragments(碎片)ofstoneinscriptionsandcoinsbearingTangutscript____42____(unearth)fromtheimperialtombsserveaskeysourcesforunderstandingXixiahistoryandculture.ThoughtheXixiaregimehaslongdisappeared,theXixiaImperialTombsremainstandingaspowerfultestimonytounityin____43____(diverse)ofChinesecivilization.Theyareanationallyprotectedculturalheritagesite____44____includedintheWorldHeritageList,markingaremarkablechapterinthestoryofhumancivilization.Inrecentyears,advancesinarchaeology,digitalpreservation,andpubliceducationhavebroughtpeople_____45_____(close)totheXixiaImperialTombs.【答案】36.lies37.where38.a39.countless40.with41.reflecting42.unearthed43.diversity44.and45.closer【语篇解读】本文是一篇说