Unit4AmazingPlantsandAnimals知识梳理人教版八年级英语上册

Unit4AmazingPlantsandAnimals知识梳理Part=1\*ROMANI词形变化foldv.折叠→foldingadj.折叠式的;可折叠的(仅用于名词前作定语)goodadj.好的;有益健康的→goodnessn.美德;营养→better(比较级)较好的→best(最高级)最好的actualadj.真实的,实际的→actuallyadv.实际上;居然shootv.开(枪);拍摄→shot(过去式)appearv.出现;看起来像→disappearv.消失→appearancen.出现;外貌African.非洲→Africanadj.非洲的;非洲人的n.非洲人[C]butterflyn.蝴蝶→butterflies(复数形式)weighv.有……重;称重量→weightn.重量;分量believev.相信;认为有可能→unbelievableadj.难以置信的→beliefn.信念;信仰connectv.关联;连接→connectedadj.连接的;相关的→connectionn.联系;连接[C]withprep.有→withoutprep.没有;缺乏imaginev.想象;猜想→imaginationn.想象力disappointv.使失望;使破灭→disappointedadj.失望的;沮丧的→disappointingadj.令人失望的actv.行动→actionn.行动;行为municatev.交流;沟通→municationn.交流;沟通protectv.保护;防护→protectionn.保护;保卫importantadj.重要的→importancen.重要性happyadj.幸福的;快乐的→unhappyadj.不快乐的→happilyadv.幸福地;快乐地→happinessn.幸福;快乐[U]livev.居住;生活→livelyadj.精力充沛的;生机勃勃的【即时训练】The__________(good)infreshfruithelpskeepushealthy.Ithoughtmathswashard,but___________(actual)it'sinteresting.Thatisa___________(fold)fanIboughtinChengdulastyear.Thephotographer___________(shoot)amazingpicturesofthesunsetjustnow.____________(butterfly)usetheircolourfulwingstoattractmates.Anewbornpanda____________(weigh)onlyabout100grams.Welearnedabout___________(Africa)culturesingeographyclass.Thishealthreportshowsthe______________(important)offreshfoodinameal.Whenthingsgowrong,wealwaysfeelsador_______________(disappoint).Ican'tgetagoodinternet___________(connect)inthisroom,soIcan'tfinishmyonlinehomework.The__________(protect)ofwildanimalsneedseveryone'sefforts.Don'tjudgeapersonbyhis____________(appear).Spendingtimewithfamilybringsmealotof__________(happy).Withalittle__________(imagine),youcanturnthisoldboxintoaspaceship.Welearnedsignlanguageasaspecialwayof____________(municate).Adeadwhalebeesfoodforotheranimalsandmakestheecosystem__________(live)andhealthy.Part=2\*ROMANII重点短语SectionAintheworld在世界上afoldingfan折扇apaintingofbamboo一幅竹子的画oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数最……的……之一asymbolofgoodness美德的象征bambooforests竹林bambooshoots竹笋lotsof=alotof许多,大量(后接可数名词复数或不可数名词)alot许多,大量usesthfor...for...用某物……usesthtodosth用某物做某事beinterestedin对……感兴趣lovedoing/todosth喜欢做某事weleto...欢迎来到……wouldlovetodosth想要做某事sharesthwithsb和某人分享某物feelfreetodosth可以随便做某事seemtodosth似乎做某事landanimals陆地动物howlong多久;多长onearth在地球上;在世界上(相当于ontheearth或onEarth);(加强疑问句的语气)到底,究竞upto接近;直到;到达(某数量、程度等)livingtrees现存树木thousandsof成千上万的thebesttimetodosth做某事最好的时间takeawalk散步=haveawalk/goforawalktakesbforawalk带某人去散步bringjoytotheirheart为他们的心灵带来快乐SectionBatthismoment这时beconnectedwith/to与……相连；与……有关联needsbtodosth需要某人做某事eachother互相,彼此from...to...从……到……infact确切地说;实际上基数词+percent+of+名词/代词百分之……forthisreason出于这个原因(常位于句首,一般用逗号与后面的部分隔开)forexample例如inordertodosth为了做某事howfar多远playapart(insth)参与(某事)=takepartinthenumberof...……的数量anumberof...大量的……thinkabout考虑suchas例如thinkof想到;想起;思考;认为between...and...在……和……之间givesbanexample(of...)给某人举个(……)例子behometosb/sth有……栖息;是……的家乡meanalottosb对某人意义重大playarole(in)(在……中)发挥作用=playapart(in);(在……中)扮演角色becauseof由于asmuchas多达likedoing/todosth喜欢做某事intheocean/atsea在海洋中liveupto达到;符合lastfor+一段时间持续……watchsbdosth观看某人做某事watchsbdoingsth观看某人正在做某事Thereis/are+主语.有……takeaction(todosth)采取行动(做某事)municatewithsb与某人交流protect...from/against...保护……免受……theimportanceof(doing)sth(做)某事的重要性withoutdoingsth没有做某事【即时训练】Theteachersaidwecouldfeelfree__________(choose)partnersfortheproject.Peoplebelievethebrightyellowleavescanbringjoy__________theirheart.MrSmithplaysabigpartin___________(make)thischoice.Taking_________walkafterdinnerisgoodforourhealth.Theginkgoisasymbol_________hopeandlonglife.Thisnatureparkishome____________manyplantsandanimals.____________thismoment,Irealizehowimportantstudyis.Thisworkwillbecloselyconnected___________teamwork.Look!Thisbutterflyisflying_________one__________flowertoanother.Everyoneshouldsleepatleasteighthours.__________thisreason,studentsshouldgotobedearly.Talkingwithout___________(act)won'tsolvetheproblem.Inorder__________(get)thereontime,theygetupearlyandeatbreakfastquickly.Peopleusebamboo____________(make)alotofthingslikechopsticks.Everyoneplaysanimportantpart__________helpingsavewaterinourlife.___________numberofginkgosisdropping.Weshoulddosomethingfromnowon.Pleasegiveanexample_________hownatureandpeopleareconnected.Frogscanlive_________landand_________water.Part=3\*ROMANIII重点句型What'samazingaboutthebluewhale?蓝鲸有什么神奇之处?BambooisoneofthemostpopularsubjectsinChinesepaintings.竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的主题之一。Pleasefeelfreetoaskmeanyquestionsyouhave.如果你有任何问题,请随时问我。Thecheetahrunsthefastestamongalllandanimals.在所有陆地动物中猎豹跑得最快。Inordertostorehoney,theycreatehoneybs.为了储存蜂蜜,它们建造蜂巢。Anotherinterestingthingaboutbeesishowtheymunicate.关于蜜蜂的另一件趣事是它们如何交流。Part=4\*ROMANIV语法聚焦形容词和副词的最高级一、形容词、副语的句法功能（形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词）。它们各自的功能如下：词类功能例句形容词定语HanMeiisabeautifulgirl.韩梅是一个美丽的女孩。表语Themealisverydelicious.这顿饭很美味。宾语补足语Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.我们必须保持教室清洁。副词状语Billgetsuplateonweekends.比尔在周末起得晚。后置定语Lifehereisrichandinteresting.这里的生活既富裕又有趣。表语Classisover.放学了。形容词变副词的方法1．大多数形容词在词尾加­ly。careful—carefully，quick—quickly，bright—brightly2．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，把y变成i，再加­ly。easy—easily，happy—happily，lucky—luckily3．以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词，去e再加­ly。true—truly4．以le结尾的形容词,去e再加­y。terrible—terribly，simple—simply，possible—possibly二、形容词、副词的最高级1．形容词和副词的最高级的概念和构成：英语中的形容词和副词常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别，分别是原级、比较级和最高级。（1）规则变化构成方法原级最高级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加esthighshorthighestshortest以字母e词尾的词,加stlatefinelatestfinest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写辅音字母,再加esthotbigthinfathottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把“y”改为“i”,再加estfunnyeasyearlyfunniesteasiestearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more/mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmostbeautifulmostathleticmostoutgoing（2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(更远)further(更深远)farthestfurthestoldolderelderoldesteldest2.最高级的用法三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,其中一个在某方面超过其他几个时,要用最高级,表示“最……”。形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前面的the可以省略,后面可接of/among或in表示范围的短语。最高级的常见用法：1.主语+be+the+形容词最高级(+in/of短语)表示“……是(……中)最……的”。»It'stheclosesttohome.它离家最近。2.主语+实义动词(+the)+副词最高级(+in/of短语)表示“……是(……中)最……的”。»Youcanbuyclothesthemostcheaplythere.在那里你能最便宜地买到衣服。3.主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数(+in/of短语)表示“……是(……中)最……的……之一”。»Thisisoneofthebestrestaurantsinthecity.这是这座城市里最好的餐馆之一。4.疑问词(组)+be+the+形容词最高级,A、BorC/比较范围?”用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较。»Whoisthetallest,Tom,BoborBill?汤姆、鲍勃和比尔,谁最高？5.疑问词(组)+助动词+主语+动词原形(+the)+副词最高级,A、BorC/比较范围？”»Whichcountrydoyoulikebest,France,GermanyorItaly?你最喜欢哪个国家,法国、德国还是意大利?6.主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数(+in/of短语)表示“……在……中是第几最……的……”。»TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国的第二长河。7.主语+be+the+最高级+名词(that)Ihaveeverseen/heard...»ThisisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.这是我曾经游览过的最美的城市。四、比较级表达最高级含义1.“比较级+thananyother+可数名词单数”或“比较级+thantheother+可数名词复数”表示“比其他任何一个……都……”强调在同一范围内作比较。»Lucyistallerthananyothergirlinourclass.=Lucyistallerthantheothergirlsinourclass.露西比我们班其他任何一个女孩都高。2.否定词与比较级连用可表达最高级含义。»Nobodycandotheworkbetterthanhedid.这项工作他做得最出色。»Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.我从来没听过这么动听的嗓音。【语法专练】一、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级形式1．fortable_____________________________2．exciting____________________________3．good__________________________4．much___________________________5．little___________________________6．far__________________________________7．bad_____________________________8．big______________________________9．happy______________________________10.late______________________________11.fresh___________________________12.quickly_____________________________13.popular____________________________14.carefully_____________________________二、用所给单词的适当形式填空Thefifthorangeis__________(big)ofall.Giveittotheyoungboy,please.Thesunsetatthebeachis_____________(beautiful)sceneI'veeverseen.Iworkhardthisterm,butPeterworksmuch___________(hard).Amongallthestudents,Tomruns__________(fast).TheSaharais___________(large)desertintheworld.Theantisoneof___________(small)insects.Thisis___________(short)pencilinthebox.MountQomolangmais____________(tall)mountainintheworld.Inourclass,Jennyis___________(funny).Shealwaysmakeseverybodylaugh.Ihopemylifeisas_____________(happy)asyours.HarryPotterisoneof__________(popular)booksamongmiddleschoolstudents.—Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?—Itcan'tbe___________(bad).Idon'tlikeitatall.Theyellowbookisbigger__________theblueone.Tomisthebeststudent___________allthestudentsinhisclass.Thisoneisthebiggest___________alltheapples.LiLeiisone___________thetallestboysinourschool.Whichboyis__________(thin)inyourclass?Sheis____________(good)oneinthemusicclub.Thisis____________(interesting)bookIhaveeverread.Theweatherwillgeteven___________(bad).Youmustbecareful.Mariasings_____________(beautifully)ofallthestudentsinherclass.Part=6\*ROMANVI知识点解析SectionA1.BambooisoneofthemostpopularsubjectsinChinesepaintings.竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的主题之一。(1)oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数“最……的……之一”»Heisoneofthebeststudents.他是最优秀的学生之一。»HangzhouisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.杭州是中国最美的城市之一。【拓展】oneof...“……之一”of后面接名词或代词的复数形式。oneof...短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。»Heisoneofmyfriends.他是我的一位朋友。»Oneofthecatsiswhite.其中一只猫是白色的。(2)popular[形容词]广受欢迎的;流行的在句中作表语或定语。getpopular变得流行bepopularwithsb受到……的欢迎/喜爱»Youngpeoplelikepopularsongs.年轻人喜欢流行歌曲。»Thisbookisgettingpopularnow.这本书现在越来越流行了。»Popmusicispopularwithyoungpeople.流行音乐受到年轻人的欢迎。【拓展】popular作定语时,在口语中常简略为pop,如popsingers“流行歌手”。2.It'sasymbolofgoodnessinChineseculture.它在中国文化中是一种美德的象征。goodness[名词]①美德»Weshouldalwaysrememberthegoodnessinpeople.我们应该永远记住人们的善良。②营养»Eatingfruitsandvegetablescangiveyouthegoodnessyourbodyneeds.吃水果和蔬菜能给你身体所需的营养。【拓展】goodness也用于表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。»Thankgoodness!谢天谢地！(用于表达庆幸、宽慰的心情)»Goodness!Whatabigfish!啊！好大的一条鱼呀！»Thankgoodness,wearrivedontime.谢天谢地,我们按时到了。3.Actuallyweeatbambooshootstoo.实际上我们也吃竹笋。(1)actually[副词]实际上;居然可在句首作状语,用于强调情况的真实性。Actually,it'snotasdifficultasyouthink.实际上,它没有你想象的那么难。Helooksshy,butactuallyheisverytalkative.他看起来很腼腆,但实际上非常健谈。(2)shoot»bambooshoots竹笋»Theshootsofthevegetablesarepushingthroughthesoil.蔬菜的幼苗正破土而出。»Tomshotataballoon,buthedidn'tshootit.汤姆朝一只气球射击，但没有射中。4.WhydoesbamboooftenappearinChinesepaintings?为什么竹子经常出现在中国画中?appear»Myfriendsdidn'tappearuntilseveno'clock.我的朋友们直到七点才出现。»Doesthesunappearonthehorizonatsix?太阳在六点出现在地平线上吗？»Sheappearsveryhappytoday.她今天看起来很开心。»Itappearsatruestory.它似乎是一个真实的故事。5.ThebiggestlandanimalintheworldistheAfricanelephant.世界上最大的陆地动物是非洲象。land»Whendidyouetoland?你们什么时候抵达陆地的？»Heworksonthelandfor50years.他从事耕作50年了。»Theplanelandedsafely.飞机安全着陆了。6.Somecouldstanduptothreemetrestallandweighupto860kg.有些象鸟能长到3米高,重达860千克。weigh»Heweighs60kilos.他体重60千克。»Howmuchdoesitweigh?它的重量是多少?»Heweighedthefish.他称了称那条鱼。»What'stheweightofthesheep?这头羊的重量是多少？SectionB1.WeCan'tLiveWithoutBees没有蜜蜂我们无法生存without[介词]没有;缺乏其后可跟名词、人称代词宾格或动词ing形式,用来表示伴随或假设的情况。其反义词为with(具有;带有)。withoutdoingsth没有做某事»Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.没有水,鱼就活不了。»Helefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.他一句话也没说就离开了房间。【拓展】一般情况下,含有without的句子可以和含有if...not...结构的句子进行同义转换。»Icouldn'tfinishtheworkwithoutyourhelp.=Ifyoudidn'thelpme,Icouldn'tfinishthework.没有你的帮助,我就完不成这项工作。2.Imagineyougotothesupermarketinyourarea,buttherearealmostnofruits,vegetables,honey,milk,eggs,orchocolate.想象一下,你去当地的超市,但是那里几乎没有水果、蔬菜、蜂蜜、牛奶、鸡蛋或巧克力。imagine[及物动词]想象;猜想其后可接名词、代词、动词ing形式或从句作宾语。imagine(sb)doingsth想象(某人)做某事»Imaginelifewithouthotwater.想象一下没有热水的生活。»Canyouimagine(MrSmith)livingaloneonalonelyisland?你能想象得出(史密斯先生)一个人在荒岛上生活吗？»Ican'timaginewhatourlifewillbelikein2050.我无法想象2050年我们的生活会是什么样的。3.Atthismomentyourealizepeople,plants,andanimalsareallconnected.这时你就会意识到,人类、植物和动物都是相联系的。connected[形容词]连接的;相关的beconnectedwith/to...与……相连;与……有关联»Foodiscloselyconnectedwithitslocalculture.食物和当地的文化密切相关。»Theputerisconnectedtotheprinter.电脑与打印机相连。【拓展】①connect[及物动词]关联;连接connect...with/to...把……和……连接/联系起来»ArailwayconnectsBeijingwithShanghai.一条铁路连接北京和上海。②connection[名词]连接;联系;关系»There'saconnectionbetweenpollutionandthedeathoftrees.污染和树木的死亡之间有关系。4.Infact,withouttheirwork,about80percentoftheplantsintheworldcannotgrow.事实上,如果没有它们的工作,世界上大约百分之八十的植物都无法生长。percent(=percent)①[名词]百分之……常用于“基数词+percent+of”结构。“基数词+percent+of+名词/代词”在句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据of后的名词或代词的情况而定。若名词或代词为复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;若名词为不可数名词、单数名词或代词表示单数意义,谓语动词则用第三人称单数形式。②[形容词&副词]每一百中»a15percentdiscount15%的折扣»Salesareup5percent.销售额上升了5%。5.Inordertostorehoney,theycreatehoneybs.为了储存蜂蜜,它们建造蜂巢。(1)inorderto为了;以便表示目的,相当于soasto。后面接动词原形,可放在句首,也可放在句中;而soasto只能放在句中。inordertodo...的否定结构为inordernottodo...»Inordertolookafterhisparents,hereturnedtoworkinhishometown.为了照顾父母,他回到了家乡工作。»Shestartedatfiveo'clockinordernottobelate.为了不迟到,她五点钟就出发了。【拓展】inorderthat为了,目的是也表示目的,后接从句。若inorderthat后从句的主语与主句主语一致,可与inorderto进行同义改写。»Hegetsupearlyinorderthathecangettoworkontime.=Hegetsupearlyinordertogettoworkontime.他早起的目的是按时上班。(2)store»Someanimalsstorealotoffoodforthewinter.一些动物储存大量过冬的食物。»Peopleoftenstorefoodinthefridgeinsummer.夏天人们经常把食物存储在冰箱里。»Iboughttwopensatthestore.我在那家商店买了两支钢笔。6.However,thenumberofbeesisdropping,andscientistsareworried.然而,蜜蜂的数量正在下降,科学家们对此感到担忧。辨析:thenumberof与anumberof»Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50.我们班的学生人数是50。»Anumberofstudentsareplayingsoccerontheplayground.许多学生正在操场上踢足球。7.Whatdoyouknowabouttheconnectionbetweenhumansandotherinsects,suchasantsandbutterflies?你对人类和其他昆虫—比如蚂蚁和蝴蝶—之间的联系有什么了解？(1)human①[可数名词]人;人类与humanbeing同义,其复数形式是humans。»Dogscanhearmuchbetterthanhumans.狗的听觉比人的听觉灵敏得多。②[形容词]人的;人类的»Therearemanydifferentcelltypesinthehumanbody.人体中有许多不同的细胞类型。(2)辨析:suchas与forexample二者都表示“例如”,但用法不同:suchas常用来列举整体之中的部分同类的人或事物前面一般用逗号和句子隔开,后面没有逗号,直接加名词或名词性短语forexample常用来列举整体之中的一个在句子中多用作插入语,位置可以在句首、句中或句末,前后都用逗号与句子隔开»Chinahasmanybigcities,suchasBeijing,ShanghaiandShenzhen.中国有许多大城市,比如北京、上海和深圳。»Noise,forexample,isakindofpollutionaswell.例如,噪声也是一种污染。8.Thesmallestfrogsareaboutthesizeofapea,whilelargeronescangrowasbigasahumanhand.最小的青蛙大约只有豌豆那么大,而大一点的青蛙能长到人类手掌那么大。while[连词]①而;然而表示两种情况的对比。»Ilikecoffeewhilemysisterlikestea.我喜欢喝咖啡,而我姐姐喜欢喝茶。②与……同时;当……的时候引导时间状语从句,从句谓语动词须用延续性动词。它强调主句的动作是在从句动作发生的过程中发生的,或者主从句的动作几乎同时进行。»Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.当我们在说话时,老师进来了。»Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemymotherwascooking.我妈妈在做饭时,我在做家庭作业。9.BluewhalesliveinalloceansexcepttheArcticOcean.蓝鲸生活在除北冰洋以外的所有海洋中。辨析:except,exceptfor,but与besidesexcept着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物,表示一种排除关系,有“减去”之意exceptfor表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正作用but和except的用法基本相同,但着重强调整句的内容,习惯上用于no,nothing,anything等词之后besides指在整体中加入一部分,表示一种累加关系,有“加上”之意»Weareallhereexcept/butTom.除汤姆之外,我们都在这里了。(不包括Tom)»Heisagoodmanexceptforhis