年人教版（2012）九年级中考语法复习专题十四非谓语动词讲义

专题十四非谓语动词广东省近五年中考统计(※语法选择◆完形填空★短文填空)考点2020年2021年2022年2023年2024年动词不定式※tomake★towear★(what)todo※(e)toenjoy※totake★todrink※toleave※tobuy动词的­ing形式—◆encouraging——※exciting(movie)过去分词—————备考建议从近五年广东省中考的情况来看，非谓语动词是必考点，考查的主要是动词不定式和动词的­ing形式。考生在2025年备考时仍要重点掌握动词不定式，但同时也要掌握动词的­ing形式、动词的­ed形式和省略to的不定式的用法。非谓语动词是指在句子中不能用作谓语的动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：动词不定式、动词的­ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词不受人称和数的限制。除了不能单独作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。注：课标(2022年版)对后面两者仅作理解要求，本书不再详细阐述。动词不定式动词不定式的用法：根据课标(2022年版)，动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语是考生应该掌握的重点内容。

成分用法举例作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数形式，其位置有以下两种：①把动词不定式置于句首；②把动词不定式后置，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句后It'lltakeusaboutfourdaystogettothatplace.我们将花大约四天的时间抵达那个地方。Toprotectourenvironmentisveryimportant.保护好我们的环境是非常重要的。作宾语①只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope，want，wouldlike，decide，wish，choose，agree，ask，expect等；②“疑问词＋动词不定式”可作宾语【注意】当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替动词不定式，把动词不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋谓语动词＋it＋补语＋todoJimwantstogivemesomemoney.吉姆想给我一些钱。Marydidn'tknowwheretogoandwhattodo.玛丽不知道该去哪里、该做什么。Ifeelitfortabletolieinthesofa.我觉得躺在沙发上很舒服。作补语①常用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，tell，want，teach，help，invite，advise，encourage等；②有些动词(如hear，let，make，have，see，watch，notice等)用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但这些动词在变为被动语态时，须加上to【注意】动词不定式可作形容词补足语Inthepast，weoftentaughtthechildrentotellstories.在过去，我们经常教孩子们讲故事。Isawthemangointotheshop.我看见这个男人进了这家商店。→Themanwasseentogointotheshop.这个男人被看见进了这家商店。Iamafraidtostayathomealone.我害怕独自待在家里。作表语①动词不定式作表语时，表示具体动作或将来动作；②当主语是duty，wish，idea，job，dream等词时，常用动词不定式作表语，以说明主语的内容Idon'tknowwhatistohappentous.我不知道我们会发生什么事。Herfather'sjobwastolookafterred­crownedcranes.她父亲的工作就是照顾丹顶鹤。作定语动词不定式作定语时，与其所修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有许多作业要做。作状语动词不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要和句子的主语保持一致Hewenttheretoseehisgrandpa.他去那里是为了探望他的爷爷。【拓展】不带to的动词不定式句型句型举例Whynotdosth.？＝Whydon'sb.dosb.dosth.？为什么不做某事？Whynotgoouttoseeafilmwithme？＝Whydon'tyougoouttoseeafilmwithme？为什么不和我一起出去看电影呢？woulddo…ratherthando…(＝wouldratherdo…thando…＝prefertodo…ratherthando…＝preferdoing…todoing…)宁愿做……不愿做……Iwouldratherstayathomethangoouttoplay.我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去玩。Hepreferstohaveclassratherthanhavearest.他宁愿上课也不愿休息。wouldrather(not)do…宁愿(不)做…Iwouldrathernotplaywithhim.我宁愿不和他玩。动词的­ing形式动词的­ing形式的具体用法如下：成分用法举例作主语表示经常性的动作Goingtoschoolchangedmylife.上学改变了我的人生。作宾语①有些动词需用动词的­ing形式来作宾语，如mind，suggest等；②介词后接动词的­ing形式作宾语Afteraboutanhour，theystoppedplayingfootballandrested.大约一个小时后，他们停止踢足球休息了。I'minterestedinplayingbasketball.我对打篮球感兴趣。作表语作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容；它与主语是同等关系Hishobbyiscollectingstampsandpostcards.他的爱好是收集邮票和明信片。作定语作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途Hesleptinthesleepingbag.他在睡袋里睡觉。【拓展】(1)有些动词后面既可以接不定式，又可以接动词的­ing形式。如：begintodo/doingsth.开始做某事starttodo/doingsth.开始做某事hatetodo/doingsth.讨厌做某事love/liketodo/doingsth.热爱/喜欢做某事(2)有些动词后面既可以接不定式，又可以接动词的­ing形式，意义区别较大。如：remembertodosth.记得做某事(还未做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(做过了)forgettodosth.忘记做某事(还未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(做过了)regrettodosth.遗憾去做某事(还未做)regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(做过了)trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事(3)helptodosth.＝helpdosth.帮助做某事(4)后接动词的­ing形式作宾语的常考动词(短语)：avoid避免；consider考虑；enjoy喜爱；finish完成；imagine想象；keep保持；mind介意；miss错过；risk冒险；practice练习；lookforwardto期待；succeedin成功；giveup放弃；suggest建议；keepon继续；feellike想要；get/beusedto习惯现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别分词区别举例现在分词表示正在进行的动作Herushedintotheburninghouse.他冲进了着火的房子。过去分词表示被动和完成I'mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositionadvertisedinyesterday'sChinaDaily.我打电话想询问昨天《中国日报》上刊登的招聘广告。()1.(2024广东)Atweekends，hewatchesmovieswithhisfriends，ortakeshislittlebrothertotheplaycenterthere.A.exciteB.excitementC.exciting()2.(2024广东)Whenhehassavedenoughmoney，Petergoestothebookstoresgreatbooksanddonatesthemtochildreninneed.A.buyB.tobuyC.bought()3.(2024内蒙古)—Jack，rememberoffthelightswhenyouleaveyourbedroom.—OK，Iwill.A.turnedB.turnC.turningD.toturn()4.(2024黑龙江绥化)Mylittlebrothersuggestedforawalk.A.togoB.goingC.goes()5.(2024江苏扬州)Chinahasmadegreateffortsothercountriesbuildhigh­speedrailways.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helped()6.(2024四川达州)QiqihopesmedicineinSichuanUniversity.A.studiesB.studyingC.tostudy()7.(2024天津)Peoplemayusedifferentbodylanguagethesamefeelings.A.showB.toshowC.showedD.shows()8.(2023广东改编)“Ifeellikearealastronautinthespacecamp，andIdon'tevenneedtheearth，”hesaid.A.leaveB.leavingC.toleaveⅠ.语法选择(2024陕西改编)WhenIwasyoung，Iwasprettygoodatpapercutting.AsIgrewup，I1busyanddidn'thavemuchtimeforit.Later，Istopped2it.However，thenewsIcameacrossonlinetouchedmyheartandchanged3mind.AlittlegirlfromJieyang，Guangdong4liondancewhenaprofessionalliondanceperformanceteampassedby.Assoonastheysawthegirlpracticing，theystarted5thedrumsandgongsforherandquicklyshedid6liondanceinreturn.Peoplearoundallcheeredforher.HerlovefortheancientChinesecultureevoked(唤起)mystrongmemoriesofpapercutting.WhenIwasten，Ijoinedthepapercuttingclub.EveryMondayandFriday，Ilearnedtomakepapercuttingsthere.Ourteacher，Ms.Li，wasverytalented.7apairofscissorsandapieceofpaper，shecouldcreatelivelyworks.8amazedus.Andwelearnedmuchfromher.Together，wecreatedlotsofworks.Theycoveredmanytopics，includinganimals，flowers9thingsaboutChinesehistory.Everytimeweheldapapercuttingshow，ourworksattractedmany10.Thegirlinthenewsencouragedmetogoonwithpapercutting，tobeaninheritor(继承者)oftheancientChineseculture.()1.A.beeB.becameC.hasbee()2.A.doB.todoC.doing()3.A.myB.meC.mine()4.A.practicesB.ispracticingC.waspracticing()5.A.tobeatB.beatC.beats()6.A.theB.anC.a()7.A.AboutB.WithC.Through()8.A.ThatB.WhichC.These()9.A.butB.andC.so()10.A.visitB.visitorC.visitorsⅡ.短文填空eq\x(blemhowalthoughhelp)(2024四川宜宾改编)HaveyoueverwatchedthemoviePegasus2？It'saedyandit'sreally1..ThemaincharacterisZhangChi.Hewasonceagreat2.，butunluckily，hefailedinaraceandgothurt.Later，hetaughtpeople3.todriveatadrivingschool.4.helivedasimplelife，hestilllovedracing.Whenanoldcarfactoryownerofferedto5.payforhimtoentertheBayanbulakRally(巴音布鲁克拉力赛)，Zhangsaidyesatonce.6.thehelpofhistwofriends，Zhangformedateam.Theteamalsohadayoungandskilledracerandastudentwhoreallywantedtolearna