医学英语睡眠Chapter-3-Sleep-and-Its-Health-Impact

Chapter3SleepandItsHealthImpactsVocabularyPreviewandExerciseReadthefollowingwordsandphrases,relatingthemtotheirChineseequivalents.buzzv.slapv.rousev.squintv.groann.randomlyad.vivida.deltan.发出嗡嗡声掌击，拍打醒来，唤醒斜着眼睛看，斜视，瞟呻吟，叹息，呻吟声随便地，无规则地；随即地生动的，栩栩如生的希腊字母表中的第四个字母δ，第四位的conclusivelyad.regeneratevt.hormonen.immunityn.conservev.invadern.irritabilityn.contributorn.结论性地，最后地新生，再生激素，荷尔蒙免疫力保存，保护，保藏侵入者，侵入物易怒，过敏性促成因素absenteeismn.

hitthesheetsfadinga.retinan.bundlen.suprachiasmaticn.nucleusn.circadiana.旷工，旷课就寝，去睡衰退的，褪色的，枯萎的视网膜束，捆，包超交叉神经的核，核心，中心生理节奏的hypothalamusn.melatoninn.drowsinessn.hibernationn.susceptiblea.affectivea.depressionn.irritationn.丘脑下部褪黑激素睡意冬眠，过冬易受…感染的情感的，表达感情的忧伤，消沉，沮丧激怒，恼怒，生气moodinessn.desirablea.therapyn.babyboomerrefresheda.guzzlev.insomnian.Vancouver

喜怒无常，闷闷不乐可取的，合意的疗法生育高峰出生的人精力恢复的，精神振作的狂吃暴饮，大吃大喝失眠温哥华[加拿大港市]hygienen.restorativea.卫生，卫生学，保健学恢复的，有恢复健康作用的

Fillintheblankofthefollowingsentenceswithasuitablewordinthegrid,changingitsformifnecessary.

1.Sulphurdioxideisapollutantandamajor__________toacidrain.2.Itis_________thatalltheapplicantsshouldbecomputer-literateforthisjob.3.Hehatedtothinkofherinsomuchpainandcoveredhisearstohideher___________.randomlyconclusivelycontributoraffectivevividrousegroanfadingsusceptibledesirabledepressionregeneraterestorativeirritationrefreshhygienecontributordesirablegroans4.Theseexperimentsshow___________theconnectionbetweensmokingandcancer.5.Itwassuchahotnightthathehadacoldshowerto_________himself.6.Restaurantsmaybecloseddowniftheyfailtokeepuptominimumstandardsof__________.randomlyconclusivelycontributoraffectivevividrousegroanfadingsusceptibledesirabledepressionregeneraterestorativeirritationrefreshhygieneconclusivelyrefreshhygiene7.Hewas__________fromhissleepatsomedarkhourbyhismotherbegginghimtogodownstairstohelpher.8.Ginseng(人参)hasbeenusedforover4,000yearsintheOrientasa___________andpreventiveremedy.randomlyconclusivelycontributoraffectivevividrousegroanfadingsusceptibledesirabledepressionregeneraterestorativeirritationrefreshhygienerousedrestorative9.Tiredness,lossofappetite,lackofenergyandsleepingproblemsareclassicsymptomsof___________.10.Amongparticularly___________children,thediseasecandevelopataveryyoungage.randomlyconclusivelycontributoraffectivevividrousegroanfadingsusceptibledesirabledepressionregeneraterestorativeirritationrefreshhygienedepressionsusceptible1.________________________________________2.________________________________________3.________________________________________Asking,ListeningandWatchingA.Writedownthreequestionsonthetopicwhichyoufindinterestingtoexplore.B.

Listentothepassage“HarmfulImpactsofSleepProblems”onlyonceandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.HarmfulImpactsofSleepProblems1.HowmanyAmericansaresufferingfromlackofsleep?A.Lessthan50million.B.50millionto70million.C.Morethan70million.D.MorethanhalfAmericans.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Manyresearchersarestudyingsleepdisorders.B.Manyemployeesareawareoftheirsleepproblem.C.Fewhealthcareprofessionalssufferfromsleepproblem.D.Fewhealthcareworkersaretrainedtotreattheproblem.3.AmericanbusinessessufferallofthefollowingcostsEXCEPT________.A.lossof100,000milliondollarsayearsB.Americans’increasedvisitstodoctorsC.employeestootiredtoreportforworkD.employeeslessproductiveatwork4.Severalstudieshavelinkedpoorsleepto__________.A.unhealthyamountsofbodyfatB.anumberofdrivers’injuriesC.increasedcaraccidentsD.alcoholicdrinks5.Lackofagoodamountofsleepcanleadto__________.A.sleepapneaB.mentalinabilitiesC.physicalinabilitiesD.seriouscaraccidents6.AnumberofstepstohelppreventsleepdisordersaresuggestedEXCEPT_________.A.useofnewtechnologytoidentifysleepproblemsB.acampaigntoinformthepublicabouttheproblemC.increasedtrainingamonghealthcareworkersD.temporarystoppingbreathingbeforesleep

Key

1.C2.D3.B4.A5.A6.DC.Listentothepassage“LackofSleepLinkedtoWeightGain”threetimesandfillineachblankwiththewordorsentencefromtheaudioclip.LackofSleepLinkedtoWeightGainTherearenewfindingsthatnotenoughsleepmaycausepeopletogainweight.Researcherssayalackofsleepcan(1)__________hormonalchangesthatincreasefeelingsofhunger.Inonestudy,researchersintheUnitedStates(2)___________informationonmorethan1,000people.Thepeoplehadtakenpartinalong-termstudyofsleep(3)___________.produceexamineddisordersSomepeoplesleptlessthanfivehoursanight.Theyhad15percenthigher(4)________levelsofahormonecalledghrelinthanpeoplewhoslepteighthours.Andtheyhad15percentlessofthehormoneleptin.Expertssayghrelinhelpsmakepeoplefeel(5)_________;leptinmakesyoufeelfull.Thescientistssaythesehormonalchangesmaybeacauseof(6)__________inWesternbloodhungryobesitysocieties.Theynotethecombinationthatsleep(7)__________iscommonandfoodiswidelyavailable.Theresultswerenot(8)__________byhowmuchpeopleexercised.Peoplewhoareawakelongerhavemoretimetoburnenergy.Buttheresearcherssay(9)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.restrictionaffectedlossofsleepmayincreasehungerespeciallyforhigh-caloriefoods,sopeoplegainweightResearchersfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniaandtheUniversityofWisconsindidthestudy.Theyfoundthatthebestamountofsleepforweightcontrolis7.7hoursanight.Theyfoundthatpeoplewho(10)_____________________________________________________________________________.Thiswascomparedtopeoplewithseventoninehoursofsleep.Theresearcherssaythatforsurvival,(11)________________________________________________________________.gotlessthanfourhoursofsleepanightwere73percentmorelikelytobeoverweightthebodymaybedesignedtostoremorefatduringtimeswithlesssleepD.Watchavideoclip“ChronicSleepLoss”twiceanddecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrue(T)orfalse(F).ChronicSleepLoss____1.ThesedaysmanyAmericansaretootiredtohaveagoodsleep.____2.Onwebsitesaresomevideoclipsaboutworkersdozingonthejob.____3.MoreandmoreAmericansgetsixhoursorlessofsleeppernight.____4.AboutfifteentoseventeenmillionAmericanssufferfromchronicsleeploss.FTTF____5.OntheaverageAmericansgetupat5:35andgotobedat10:53atnightonweekends.____6.Ofthosepolled29%admittedtofallingasleepinclass.____7.36%admittedtonoddingofforfallingasleepwhileatwork.____8.Researchersunderestimatetheimportanceofrestorativesleep.FFFFReadanddiscuss“Sleepmatters",focusingonthefollowingquestions:

SleepMatters1.Howmuchtimeofourlivesdowespendsleeping?2.Howmanystagescanoursleepdivideinto?Whatarethey?3.Whatphysiologicalactivitiesoccurduringthephaseofrapideyemovement?4.Whatphysiologicalactivitiesoccurwhenwesleep?5.Whydoesagoodnightsleepmatter?6.Whatadverseconsequencesmaylackofsleepleadto？7.Whatisitthatsendsmessagestellingthebodytoprepareforrest?8.Whydowetendtosleepmoreinwinter?9.Whatarethesymptomsofseasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD)?Whatcanbedonetoreducethesesymptoms?10.Whatfactorsaffecthowmuchsleeppeopleshouldget?11.Why,accordingtotheauthor,dopeopleintoday’ssocietygetlesssleepthanthepreviousgeneration?12.Whatisgoodsleephygienethatexpertsadvocate?

ReadingComprehensionCompleteeachstatementorgiveashortanswertoeachquestioninnomorethansixwordsaccordingtothearticle.1.Thefactthatwespendaboutone-thirdofourlivessleepingshowsthatsleepis______________________________.2.Stagesoneandtwoofsleepare____________whilestagesthreeandfourare_____________.3.Duringthephaseofrapideyemovement,apersonislikelyto_______________________.4.Duringthesleepthebody______________________________andcells_________________.afundamentalneedlightsleepdeepsleephavevividdreamscirculatesnutrientsandhormonesregenerates5.Inadditiontoincreasingbrainfunction,agoodnightsleeppromotes______________________________________.6.Theadverseconsequencesofsleeplessnessinclude______________________________________________.7.Locatedinthehypothalamusis___________________,fromwhichmessagesaresenttotellthebodytopreparefortherest.fasterrecoveryfrominjuryandillnessirritability,absenteeism,workinefficiencycircadianclock8.Inwinterlongerhoursofdarknesscausemoremelatoninproductionwhichcausesyouto__________________.9.Howmuchsleepapersonneedsdependsnotonlyon_______butalsoon_______________.10.Accordingtoexperts,anidealsleeppattern,orgoodsleephygiene,is__________________________atroughlythesametime.sleepmorehisagesleepqualitygoingtobedandwakingIII.ExtensionReadingDecidewhethertheinformationfollowingthepassageistrue(T),false(F)ornotgiven(NG)accordingtothepassage.Whydoweneedsomuchsleep?____1.Wehavefullyunderstoodtheimportanceofsleep.____2.Ahormoneimportantforthegrowthissecretedduringsleep.____3.Youshouldnotkeepacargoingwhenyoufeelsleepy.____4.Sleepiscomparedtothemaintenanceofacar.FTNGT____5.Researchersagreethatdreamshelpreorganizeandstorepsychologicalinformationtakeninduringtheday.____6.Sleepdeprivationaffectsusmorementallythanphysically.____7.Howmuchsleepweneedhasnothingtodowithourphysicalsize.FNGFCompletethefollowingpassagewithapropersentencefromthelistbelowthepassage.UnderstandingtheMechanismsofSleepA.REMsleepiscloselyrelatedtowakefulnessB.sleeplessnesscontributestolowermentalabilityandlearninginefficiencyC.damageorinjurytothisbrainregioncangreatlyreduceorevenpreventREMsleepD.theexactpurposeofsleepremainsamystery__D__1__A__2__G__3E.certainregionsofthebrainplaycriticalrolesinsleepF.themechanismofsleephasbeenstudiedfordecadesG.bodytemperatureandbloodpressureoftendecreaseH.thisareacontainsneuronsthatbecomemostactivebeforeandduringsleep__E__4__C__5__H__61.Whatdoessleepdoforus?2.Howmightlackofsleepaffectastudent'slearning?3.Whatarecommoncausesandsymptomsofsleepdeprivation?4.Whataretheconsequencesofsleepdeprivation?5.Whataretherecentresearchfindingsabouttheimpactofsleeponhealth?

FurtherTopicsforDiscussionandOralPresentationV.LanguagePracticeA.World-buildingStudythePrefixes,SuffixesandRootsinthefollowinggrid,andthenprovidethecorrespondingwordbasedonword-buildingblocksandthegivendefinition.Prefixeshypo-:below;beneath;under(在…下；在…下面)in-:not(不)re-:again;back(又；返回)Suffixes-ate:toactupon(以特定的方式行动)-cyt:cell(细胞)-ee:onethatperformsaspecifiedaction(实行某一行为的人)-ent:performing,promoting,orcausingaspecifiedaction（实行、促进或引起某一行为）-ic:of,relatingto,orcharacterizedby(…的，与…有关的，具有…特性的)-ism:characteristicbehaviororquality(典型的举止或品质)-ive:performingortendingtowardaspecifiedaction(倾向于…活动的)Roots

derm-:skin(皮肤)

gener-:birth(出生)

melan(o)-:black(黑色)

somni-:sleep(睡眠)1.Habitualfailuretoappear,especiallyforworkorotherregularduty2.Injectedbeneaththeskin3.Thepartofthebrainthatliesbelowthethalamus4.Chronicinabilitytofallasleeporremainasleepforanadequatelengthoftimeabsenteeismhypodermichypothalamusinsomnia5.Anepidermalcellcapableofsynthesizingmelanin6.Abnormallydarkskincausedbyincreaseddepositsofmelatonin

7.Ahormonederivedfromserotoninandproducedbythepinealglandthatstimulatescolorchangeintheepidermismelanocytemelanodermamelatonin8.Togivenewlifeorenergyto;revitalize9.Oforrelatingtorestoration10.InducingortendingtoinducesleepregeneraterestorativesomnolentC.CompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesinthegrid.1.______________________________________(这个项目旨在帮助)peoplewhohavebeenoutofworkforalongtime.2.________________________(她怎么过得去)onsuchlittlefoodeveryday?emergefromberesponsiblefortakeingetbyprepareforbedesignedtodorankwiththinkof…asbedistinguishedfromuseupTheprogramisdesignedtohelpHowdoesshegetby3.Althoughthefinancialcrisisseemstobeover,we_____________________________________(对一段困难时期应有所准备).4.Itwasnotuntilthreeyearsafterherhusband’sdeaththatthewoman_____________________(从悲伤中走出来).emergefromberesponsiblefortakeingetbyprepareforbedesignedtodorankwiththinkof…asbedistinguishedfromuseupshouldprepareforatimeoftroublesemergedfromhergrief5.________________________________________(雄鸟区别于雌鸟)byitsredbeak(鸟嘴).6.Theearth'sresources_______________________________________(正在以令人震惊的速度被用光).emergefromberesponsiblefortakeingetbyprepareforbedesignedtodorankwiththinkof…asbedistinguishedfromuseupThemalebirdisdistinguishedfromthefemalearebeingusedupatanalarmingrate7.Don’tyouthinkthat________________________________(睡眠应与营养一起列为)asafundamentalneed?8.Learningalanguageshould__________________________________(看作为一个自然的过程).emergefromberesponsiblefortakeingetbyprepareforbedesignedtodorankwiththinkof…asbedistinguishedfromuseupsleepshouldrankwithnutrition