浙江省宁波市鄞州中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中英语试卷（含答案）

第第页浙江省宁波市鄞州中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中英语试卷一、阅读理解ACambridgeOpenDays,JulyandSeptember2023EveryJulyandSeptember,theUniversityofCambridgeopensitsdoorstowelcomepotentialapplicantsandtheirparentsandsupporterstofindoutwhatit'sreallyliketoliveandstudyhere.JulyOpenDays-6and7July2023OurnextOpenDayswilltakeplaceon6and7July2023andwillincludebothonlineandin-personelements.Youcangettoknowourcourses,thecollegesanddepartments,universityfacilities,theapplicationprocedure,studentlifeandfinancevia:·Informationstands·Coursepresentationsandsamplelectures·Collegeanddepartmenttours·Q&AsessionswithcurrentstudentsandstaffTheprogramwillrunfrom9:30-16:30(UKtime)andissimilaronbothdayssoyoushouldonlyneedtoattendoneofthedays.Furtherdetailswillbeannouncedinduecourse.SeptemberOpenDay-15September2023WithafocusonchoosingyourCollege,ourSeptemberOpenDayprovidesanotheropportunityforyoutovisittheCambridgeCollegesandaskcurrentstudentsandstaffanyquestionsyoumayhave.BookinginformationToattendourOpenDays,youmustregisterinadvance.·BookingsforourJulyOpenDayswillopeninMay2023.·BookingsforourSeptemberOpenDaywillopeninsummer2023,aftertheJulyOpenDays.Signuponourwebsitetostayupdatedwhenbookingsopenandfordetailsofotheropportunities,adviceandresources.1．WhatcanyoulearnaboutonJulyOpenDays?A．Staffinformation. B．Attendancerequirement.C．Classroomrules. D．Applicationprocess.2．WhatshouldyoudoifyouwanttoattendSeptemberOpenDay?A．MakeanappointmentinMay.B．Askforcollegestaff'spermission.C．RegisterafterJulyOpenDays.D．Payforup-to-dateinformation.3．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Aschoolwebsite. B．Atourismad.C．Afreshmanguide. D．Acampusposter.二、BToday,westudyliterature(文学)fromayoungage-learningaboutourhistories,worldsandinfluentialpeople.Whetherwenoticeornot,thesestoriesguideusthroughoutourlives.Theyallowustoseetheworldthroughanother'seyes,openupourworldandteachusabouteverysubjectknowntoman.Althoughtheyareimportant,manypeoplethrowouttheiroldbookslayingwastethewisdomthatliesoneachpage.Trytosavethisknowledgeandshareitwithpeople,agarbageman(清洁工)in,Bogota,Colombiahasbeensavingthrown-awaybooksfor20yearsandsharingthemwiththoseinneed."Ihatedtoseeallthebooksinthedustbinsofwealthierneighborhoods.SoIstartedtorescuethem,"saidGutierrez.ThefirstbookhefoundwasacopyoftheclassicnovelAnnaKareninawrittenbyLeoTolstoy(托尔斯泰).TheTolstoybookwaslaterjoinedbyTheLittlePrince,Sophie'sWorld,Thelliadandanumberofnovels.Today,hehascollectedaround25,000books.Hisgrowingcollectiondidn'tgounnoticed.Gutierrez'sneighborsweresoonborrowingthebookstohelpwiththeirchildren'shomework."Therewasalackoftheminourneighborhood,sowestartedtohelp."saidGutierrez.ThegroundfloorofGutierrez'shomeisnowfilledwithbooks,fromfloortoceiling.Heopeneditupasafreelibrary,withthehelpofhiswifeLuzGutierrezandtheirthreechildren.WordfinallyspreadaroundaboutGutierrezandhisbooks.Mostofthebooksnowcomefromdonations.Henowtravelsaroundthecountrydeliveringfreebookstopoorandremoteareas.Thelibrarynamed"TheStrengthofWords",hasdonatedbookstosome235schools,institutionsandcommunitylibrariesacrossColombia.4．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A．Bygivingsomenumbers. B．Bywritingadiary.C．Bydescribingthenature. D．Bystatingsomefacts.5．WhatdidtheTolstoybookmeantoGutierrez?A．Aheavyboxofbooks. B．Thebeginningofhiskindness.C．Arealfriendindifficulttimes. D．Hewrotethebookbyhimself.6．WhichsayingdoesGutierrez'sstoryleadustobelieve?A．Oneman'sgarbageisanotherman'swealth.B．Abadbeginningmakesabadending.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Practicemakesperfect.7．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．folstoybooksrecoveredfromdustbins.B．Garbagemanbuildsalibraryfromrescuedbooks.C．Freelibrariespopularwithneighborhoodkids.D．Literaturenowattractsgarbagecollectors.三、CUsingaraisedeyebroworsmile,peoplewithspeechorphysicaldisabilitiescannowoperatetheirAndroid-poweredsmartphoneswithoutusingtheirhands,GooglesaidonThursday.Twonewtoolsputmachinelearningandfront-facingcamerasonsmartphonestowork,identifyingfaceandeyemovements.Userscanlookattheirphonescreensandselectataskbysmiling,raisingeyebrows,openingtheirmouths,orlookingtotheleft,rightorup.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstatesthat61millionadultsintheUnitedStateslivewithdisabilities,whichhaspushedGoogle,AppleandMicrosofttomakeproductsandservicesmoreaccessibletothem."Everyday,peopleusevoiceinstructions,like‘HeyGoogle',ortheirhandstooperatetheirphones,"thetechgiantGooglesaidinablogpost."However,that'snotalwayspossibleforpeoplewithseriousphysicalorspeechdisabilities."Thechangesaretheresultoftwonewfeatures:Oneiscalled"CameraSwitches",whichletspeopleusetheirfacesinsteadoftapstointeractwithsmartphones.TheotherisProjectActivate,anewAndroidapplicationwhichallowspeopletousethosegesturestostartanaction,likehavingaphoneplayarecordedphrase,sendtext,ormakeacall.ThefreeActivateappisavailableinAustralia,Britain,CanadaandtheUnitedStatesattheGooglePlayStore.Apple,GoogleandMicrosofthavekeptrollingoutinventionsthatmakeInternettechnologymoreaccessibletopeoplewithdisabilitiesorwhofindthatagehasmadesometasks,suchasreading,moredifficult.Voice-instructeddigitalassistantsbuiltintospeakersandsmartphonescanenablepeoplewithsightormovementchallengestotellcomputerswhattodo.Thereissoftwarethatidentifiestextonwebpagesorinimagesandthenreadsitaloud,aswellasautomaticgenerationofcaptionsthatdisplaywhatissaidinvideos.Applebuilt"AssistiveTouch"intothesoftwarepoweringitssmartwatches.Itletstouchscreendisplaysbecontrolledbysensingmovementssuchasfingerpinchesorhandclenches.8．Whatisthemainroleofthetwonewtools?A．Takingsharperphotographswithaphone.B．Usingsmartphoneswithfacegestures.C．Curingpeople'sspeechorphysicaldisabilities.D．Increasingthefunofplayingwithsmartphones.9．WhatdoweknowabouttheProjectActivateapp?A．It'ssoldatahighprice.B．It'smainlyusedtosendtexts.C．It'sinstructedbyvoice.D．It'sbeingusedinafewcountries.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"rollingout"inParagraph5probablymean?A．Pickingout. B．Referringto. C．Bringingout. D．Reactingto.11．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A．TopromoteAndroid-poweredsmartphones.B．Toencouragemoremovementssuitableforthedisabled.C．Toexplaintheproblemsdisabledsmartphoneusershave.D．Tointroducesomeotherinventionsbenefitingthedisabled.四、DItisnotalwayseasytounderstandanimalbehavior,especiallywhenit'srelatedtootherspecies.Fordecades,researchershaveobservedorcas(虎鲸)attackingandevenkillingporpoises(鼠海豚)inthePacificNorthwest.Butitconfusespeoplethattheseexperthuntersdon'teatthem.Sowhat'sgoingonhere?SouthernResidentorcasareadifferentpopulationoforcasthatliveinthePacificNorthwest.Thelivesoftheseorcasarecloselytiedtothoseofthesalmon.Soifthesalmondisappear,sotoowilltheorca.Butdespitetheirpreferenceforthesalmon,thesewhalesareknowntoattackandkillothersmallermarinemammals(海洋哺乳动物)withouteatingthem.Tobetterunderstandthisunusualbehavior,aninternationalteamofresearchersdidaresearchandexaminedmorethan60yearsofrecordedinteractionsbetweenSouthernResidentorcasandporpoisesintheSalishSea."Whydon'ttheSouthernResidentsjusteatporpoisesinstead?"DeborahGilesofWildOrcasaid."It'sbecausefish-eatingkillerwhaleshaveacompletelydifferentecologyandculturefromorcasthateatmarinemammals.Sowemustconcludethattheirinteractionswithporpoisesserveadifferentpurpose,butthispurposehasonlybeenaguessuntilnow."AccordingtoGilesandhercolleagues'work,theorcamaybeattackingtheporpoiseasaformofsocialplay.Itispossibletheselargeanimalsmaybeattackingthesmallermammalsasawaytobuildupsocialcohesion(凝聚力).Similarly,thebehaviorcouldrepresenthuntingpractice,bywhichtheorcasarepractisingtheirteamworkandcooperationskillsforhuntingsalmons.Finally,thebehaviorcouldbeawayof"mismothering"wheretheorcaseethesmallerporpoisesasweakerorillandsoinneedofcare.Thisworkhighlightstheneedfortheprotectionofsalmonpopulationsintheareaaswellastheorcas'entirehuntingrange.Thethreattothesalmon'sfutureisnotjustathreattoasinglespecies,butanentireecosystem.12．Whydidaninternationalteamofresearchersdotheirstudy?A．Tofindoutawaytoprotectporpoises.B．Tomakesurethereasonwhysomeorcasattacksalmon.C．Tosolvetheproblemofmarinemammals'livingenvironment.D．TobetterunderstandthestrangebehaviorofSouthernResidentorcas.13．WhatisSouthernResidentorcas'favoritefood?A．theporpoise. B．themarinemammal.C．thesalmon. D．thewhale.14．AccordingtoGiles'research,whichmaybeareasonfortheorcas'attackingporpoises?A．It'sakindofsocialplaywithporpoises.B．Itisapracticetokillporpoisesastheirfood.C．Theorcasmaydislikethesmallerporpoises.D．It'sawayfortheorcastopracticetheirhuntingskills.15．Whatprobablyisthewriter'sattitudetotheresearch?A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain.五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。16．GuideforTeenagersTheteenageyearscanbetough,andit'snormaltofeelsadeverynowandthen.Butifthesefeelingsdon'tgoawayorbecomesointensethatyoucan'thandlethem,youmaybesufferingfromdepression.TrynottoisolateyourselfWhenyou'redepressed,youmaynotfeellikeseeinganybodyordoinganything.Ifyoujuststayinbedalldayandisolateyourself,youwillfeelmoredepressed..Thus,pleasespendmoretimewithfriends,especiallythosewhoareactive.KeepyourbodyhealthyMakinghealthylifestylechoicescandowondersforyourmood.Everheardofa"runnershigh"?Physicalactivitycanbeaseffectiveasmedicationsfordepression,sogetinvolvedinsports,rideyourbike,ortakeadanceclass.Anyactivityhelps!.Asforfood,makesureyou'refeedingyourmindwithplentyoffruits,vegetables,andwholegrains.AvoidalcoholanddrugsYoumaybetrydrinkingorusedrugsinanefforttoescapefromyourfeelingsandgeta"moodboost",evenifjustforashorttime.Howeversubstanceusecannotonlymakedepressionworse,butcancauseyoutobecomemoredepressed..Youwillneedspecialtreatmentforyoursubstanceproblem.Stressandworrycanleadtodepression.Talktoateacherifexamsorclassesseemoverwhelming.Inaddition,ifyouhaveahealthconcernyoufeelyoucan'ttalktoyourparentsabout,seeadoctor.Ahealthprofessionalcanhelpyouapproachyourparentsandguideyoutowardappropriatetreatment.Ifyou'redealingwithrelationship,friendship,orfamilyproblems,talktoanadultyoutrust.A.Askforhelpifyouarestressed.B.Evenashortwalkcanbebeneficial.C.Turntoyourparentsforhelp.D.Butasyougetoutintotheworld,youmayfindyourselffeelingbetter.E.Inshort,drinkingandtakingdrugswillmakeyoufeelworse-notbetter-inthelongrun.F.Themoreexerciseyoudo,thehealthieryouwillbe.G.Helpisavailableandyouhavemorepowerthanyouthink.六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Myfatherneverkeptanythingforemotionalpurpose—exceptonce.IwastheonlyoneinmyfamilywhocaredaboutbaseballandIalways17．watchingmyfavoriteplayersatYankeeStadium.Onewinter,Iwrotedowna18．ofthesummerdatesanddreamedeverynight.Tomysurprise,oneeveningIsawmyfatherexamineitbeforegoingouttowork.ThefollowingSunday,hetoldme,"Let'sputawaysomemoneyintoa19．eachweek,andmaybewecangotoYankeeStadiumthissummer."Iimmediatelywashedoutajarand20．alabel:YANKEESTADIUMFUND,1960.Eachofus21．tothejarweekly.22．,westillhadn'tgonetoagamebecausemyfatherhadtoworkeverySaturday.Sooneday,I23．himoftheremainingtime,andthenhe24．me,"Don'tworryandwe'llhaveafreeSaturday."Onthemorningofthelastgame,Isatwaitinghopelesslywithnoreplyofmyfatherwhohadbeentoworksuddenlyappearedandyelled,"Igottwotickets!"Icouldhardly25．whenwefinallysattogether,fatherandson,26．myNewYorkYankees.Isatcheeringbutformyfather,allIcouldseeisaface27．tirednessfromworkingallweek.In1963,myfatherdiedsuddenlywhileworking.Inhisbedroom,Inoticeda28．ticketinhisyellowedbook,which29．,October1,1960,GeneralAdmission.Myfather,who30．nothingforemotionalreasons,haddecidedtokeepthis,a(an)31．ofourafternoontogether.17．A．dreamedof B．worriedabout C．triedout D．livedon18．A．schedule B．note C．letter D．novel19．A．bottle B．jar C．bowl D．cup20．A．attached B．identified C．created D．bought21．A．referred B．contributed C．donated D．attended22．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Furthermore23．A．accused B．informed C．inquired D．warned24．A．rescued B．scolded C．comforted D．encouraged25．A．breathe B．say C．stand D．jump26．A．greeting B．watching C．hearing D．playing27．A．linedwith B．decoratedwith C．equippedwith D．coupledwith28．A．pretty B．plain C．used D．faded29．A．spoke B．wrote C．read D．mentioned30．A．created B．abandoned C．produced D．saved31．A．impression B．gift C．present D．memory七、第二节语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）32．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。EachtimeItaketheundergroundIfindmyself(surround)bydozensofpassengersplayingsmartphones.Theyalmostwon'tevengiveaglanceattheoutsideworld.Youmaythinkitisnormaltoplaysmartphones(kill)time.What'sworse,whenItalkwithsomeofmyfriends,theyeventalkwhileplayingtheirphones,isreallyannoying.IreallymisstheolddayswhenI(chat)withsomepassengersonthetrain.Nowthingsaredifferent.Everyonejustconcentratestheirsmartphones.Whentakingwiththem,seemsthatyouaredisturbingtheirplayingsmartphones.IcouldnotjustblamethemforIammovingtobeonelikethem.SometimesIjustfeelwe(large)ignoreourneighborsandwanttokeepintouchwith(distance)strangersthoughheInternet.Wecareaboutthethingsfarawaypaynoattentiontotheneedsnearby.Howawkwardthesituationis!Inawaywe(control)bysmartphonesnow.八、第一节应用文写作（满分15分）33．假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Chris本周末被邀请去当地中国人家做客，向你寻求建议，请你写一封回信，内容包括：1.表示祝贺；2.提供建议(就餐礼仪、见面礼等)参考词汇：tablemanners(餐桌礼仪)注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________九、第二节读后续写（满分25分）34．读后续写ChitoSheddenwasasimplefishermanandtourguidefromSiquirres,LimonProvince,CostaRica.Hehadabroadrangeofinterestingfactsaboutnature,whichhelpedhisbusinessquiteabit.Theyearwas1989andChitowaswalkingalongthebanksoftheReventazónRiverwhenhehappeneduponsomethingverystrange.Therewasadyingmalecrocodile(鳄鱼).Whenhesteppeduptocarefullyexaminetheskinnyreptile,herealizedithadbeenshotthroughtheheadandthenlefteyes.Heknew,dangerousasitwas,hecouldn'tleavethepooranimalthere,aloneandhelpless.Chitoactedquickly,callingforthehelpofseveralbravefriendstoloadtheheavyreptileintohisboat.Heknewifhecouldhealit,hewouldthensenditbackintothewild.Henamedthehugereptile"Pocho",whichmeansstrengthandbegantocareforhiminhisownbackyard.ThekindandhelpfulfishermanstartedtohealPochowithmedicine,food,andmoreimportantly,lotsofcareandattention.Chitofedthecrocodileasteadydietofchickenandfish.Heboughtmedicinetopreventinfection(感染)andevensleptbyhissideatnight.Affectionwasoneofthemostimportantfactors.Chitogavehimkissesandhugs.Hetalkedtohimandpettedhim."Thecrocodileneededmylovetoregainthewilltolive,"hesaid.Intime,Pochoimprovedenoughtoreturnedtonormalhealth.Itwastimeforhimtoreturntohisownriverinthewild.Chitoandhisfriendsloadedthecrocodilebackintohisboatandsethimfreeinanearbyriver.ThetwopartedwaysandChitoreturnedhomealone.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；Chitoawokethenextmorning,andwalkedoutside._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________AcloserrelationshipwasformedbetweenPochoandChito._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．C3．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学校园开放日的相关信息。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。1．细节理解题。根据JulyOpenDays-6and7July2023部分的"Youcangettoknowourcourses,thecollegesanddepartments,universityfacilities,theapplicationprocedure,studentlifeandfinancevia(您可以通过网站了解我们的课程、院系、学校设施、申请程序、学生生活和财务情况)"可知，在七月开放日可以了解到申请流程。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据Bookinginformation部分的"ToattendourOpenDaysyoumustregisterinadvance.(要参加我们的开放日，您必须提前注册)"和"BookingsforourSeptemberOpenDaywillopeninsummer2023,aftertheJulyOpenDays.(我们9月开放日的预订将在2023年夏季开放，即七月开放日之后)"可知，9月的开放日应该是在7月开放日后报名。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Signuponourwebsitetostayupdatedwhenbookingsopenandfordetailsofotheropportunities,adviceandresources.(在我们的网站上注册，以便在开放预订时保持更新，并了解其他机会，建议和资源的详细信息)"可推知，文章选自学校网站。故选A。【答案】4．D5．B6．A7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在过去20年，清洁工Gutierrez收集别人丢弃的书籍达几万册，经整理后在自家设置图书馆，以造福邻里和穷人的故事。【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和标题选择题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做标题选择题时，注意关注首尾句，首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息，是判断标题是否准确的重要依据。利用关键词，文章中的关键词汇、短语或句子往往与标题有紧密联系，可以通过关键词汇的匹配来缩小选择范围。语境理解，理解文章的整体语境和作者的态度倾向，有助于准确把握文章的主旨和标题的选择方向。4．推理判断题。根据第一段"Today,westudyliteraturefromayoungage—learningaboutourhistories,farawayworldsandinfluentialpeople.Whetherwenoticeornot,thesestories—bothfictionandnon-fiction—guideusthroughoutourlives.Theyallowustoseetheworldthroughanother'seyes,openupourworldandteachusabouteverysubjectknowntoman.(今天，我们从小就开始学习文学——学习我们的历史、遥远的世界和有影响力的人物。不管我们是否注意到，这些故事——包括虚构的和非虚构的——引导着我们的生活。它们让我们透过别人的眼睛看世界，打开我们的世界，教给我们人类所知的每一门学科)"可知，作者首先陈述了有关文学图书对人类的重要性的一些事实，从而引出了Gutierrez从垃圾中搜集旧书籍筹建图书馆的故事。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据第三段"ThefirstbookhefoundwasacopyoftheclassicnovelAnnaKarenina.(他找到的第一本书是一本经典小说《安娜·卡列尼娜》)"可知，托尔斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》一书是Gutierrez收集到的第一本文学书籍，是他的免费图书馆的起点。故选B。6．推理判断题。通读文章可知，本文主要讲述清洁工Gutierrez收集别人丢弃的书籍，整理后在自家设置图书馆，以造福邻里和穷人。别人扔掉的旧书，在Gutierrez那里，却成为了宝贝。所以Gutierrez的故事让我们相信"一个人的垃圾可能是另一个人的宝贝。"故选A。7．标题选择题。根据第二段"Inanefforttosavethisknowledgeandshareitwiththoselessfortunate,agarbagemanin,Bogota,Colombiahasbeensavingthrown-awaybooksfor20yearsandsharingthemwiththoseinneed.(为了保存这些知识并与那些不幸的人分享，哥伦比亚波哥大的一名垃圾管理员20年来一直在保存废弃的书籍，并与那些有需要的人分享)"以及后续内容可知，本文主要讲述清洁工Gutierrez搜集旧书籍，为孩子们筹建免费图书馆的事情，B项"清洁工用抢救出来的书建造一座图书馆"最能体现此意。故选B。【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了谷歌周四称，有语言或身体残疾的人现在可以通过扬起眉毛或微笑来操作他们的安卓智能手机，而不用用手。文章介绍了具体的工具使用方法以及其他一些有益于残疾人的发明。【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，词义猜测题和段落大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。做段落大意题时，注意确定主题句，主题句是段落中表达主要观点或思想的句子，通常位于段落的开头或结尾，偶尔也会出现在段落中间。由于主题句往往出现在段落的首尾，因此仔细阅读段落的首尾句是快速把握段落大意的有效方法。段落中的转折词和总结性语言常用来引入新的观点或总结段落内容，对理解段落大意至关重要。在理解段落信息的基础上，用简洁的语言概括段落的主要内容。8．细节理解题。根据第二段"Twonewtoolsputmachinelearningandfront-facingcamerasonsmartphonestowork,identifyingfaceandeyemovements.Userscanlookattheirphonescreensandselectataskbysmiling,raisingeyebrows,openingtheirmouths,orlookingtotheleft,rightorup.(两种新工具让智能手机上的机器学习和前置摄像头发挥作用，识别面部和眼部运动。用户可以看着手机屏幕，通过微笑、扬起眉毛、张大嘴巴、向左、向右或向上看来选择任务)"可知，这两个新工具的主要作用是帮助用户使用带有面部表情的智能手机。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第四段"ThefreeActivateappisavailableinAustralia,Britain,CanadaandtheUnitedStatesattheGooglePlayStore.(这款免费的Activate应用程序在澳大利亚、英国、加拿大和美国的谷歌PlayStore中都可以使用)"可知，Activate应用程序在一些国家被使用。故选D。10．词义猜测题。根据最后一段"inventionsthatmakeInternettechnologymoreaccessibletopeoplewithdisabilitiesorwhofindthatagehasmadesometasks,suchasreading,moredifficult"可知，苹果、谷歌和微软不断推出新发明，让残障人士或那些发现年龄使阅读等一些任务变得更困难的人更容易使用互联网技术。故画线词意思是"推出"。故选C。11．段落大意题。根据最后一段"Apple,GoogleandMicrosofthavekeptrollingoutinventionsthatmakeInternettechnologymoreaccessibletopeoplewithdisabilitiesorwhofindthatagehasmadesometasks,suchasreading,moredifficult.Voice-instructeddigitalassistantsbuiltintospeakersandsmartphonescanenablepeoplewithsightormovementchallengestotellcomputerswhattodo.Thereissoftwarethatidentifiestextonwebpagesorinimagesandthenreadsitaloud,aswellasautomaticgenerationofcaptionsthatdisplaywhatissaidinvideos.Applebuilt"AssistiveTouch"intothesoftwarepoweringitssmartwatches.Itletstouchscreendisplaysbecontrolledbysensingmovementssuchasfingerpinchesorhandclenches.(苹果、谷歌和微软不断推出新发明，让残障人士或那些发现年龄使阅读等一些任务变得更困难的人更容易使用互联网技术。内置在扬声器和智能手机中的语音指示数字助理可以让视力或行动有困难的人告诉电脑该做什么。有一种软件可以识别网页或图片中的文字，然后大声朗读，还可以自动生成字幕，显示视频中的内容。苹果将"AssistiveTouch"内置到支持其智能手表的软件中。它可以通过感应手指捏或握拳等动作来控制触摸屏显示)"可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是介绍其他一些有益于残疾人的发明。故选D。【答案】12．D13．C14．D15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于逆戟鲸攻击甚至杀死太平洋西北部的鼠海豚的现象的研究，以及对这一现象背后的原因进行了说明。【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和观点态度题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做观点态度题时，掌握态度词汇，态度词汇是表达作者情感倾向和观点的重要工具。考生应掌握一些常见的态度词汇，如表示赞同的"approve"、"support"，表示反对的"oppose"、"criticize"，表示中立的"neutral"、"objective"等。在阅读文章时，注意这些词汇的出现，有助于快速判断作者的观点态度。寻找关键词和修饰语，关键词和修饰语是文章中表达作者观点和态度的重要线索。考生应重点关注那些与主题相关的动词、形容词和副词，以及它们所修饰的名词或句子。这些关键词和修饰语往往能够揭示作者的情感倾向和立场。推理作者意图，在阅读过程中，考生应善于从字里行间捕捉作者的意图。通过分析文章的叙述方式、论据的组织和论证的方法等，可以推断出作者的观点和态度。同时，要注意作者使用的修辞手法和语气，这些也是判断作者意图的重要依据。注意上下文逻辑关系。上下文逻辑关系是理解作者观点和态度的重要依据。考生应关注文章中句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系，如因果、条件、对比等。通过分析这些逻辑关系，可以更好地理解作者的意图和观点。12．细节理解题。根据第一段"Fordecades,researchershaveobservedorca(虎鲸)attackingandevenkillingporpoises(鼠海豚)inthePacificNorthwest.Butitconfusespeoplethattheseexperthuntersdon'teatthem.Sowhat'sgoingonhere?(几十年来，研究人员观察到逆戟鲸攻击甚至杀死太平洋西北部的鼠海豚。但让人们困惑的是，这些专业的猎人不吃它们。这是怎么回事？)"以及第三段"Tobetterunderstandthisunusualbehavior,aninternationalteamofresearchersdidaresearchandexaminedmorethan60yearsofrecordedinteractionsbetweenSouthernResidentorcasandporpoisesintheSalishSea.(为了更好地理解这种不寻常的行为，一个国际研究小组做了一项研究，并检查了60多年来萨利希海南部虎鲸和鼠海豚之间的互动记录。)"可知，这个国际研究小组要进行研究，是为了更好地了解逆戟鲸的奇怪行为。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第二段"Butdespitetheirpreferenceforsalmon,thesewhalesareknowntoattackandkillothersmallermarinemammals(海洋哺乳动物)withouteatingthem.(尽管它们喜欢吃鲑鱼，但众所周知，这些鲸鱼会攻击并杀死其他较小的海洋哺乳动物，而不吃它们。)"可知，逆戟鲸喜欢吃鲑鱼。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第五段"Similarly,thebehaviorcouldrepresenthuntingpractice,bywhichtheorcasarepractisingtheirteamworkandcooperationskillsforhuntingsalmon.(同样，这种行为可以代表狩猎练习，通过这种练习，逆戟鲸正在练习他们的团队合作技能，以捕猎鲑鱼。)"可知，根据吉尔的研究，虎鲸攻击海豚的原因可能是因为这是虎鲸练习狩猎技能的一种方式。故选D。15．观点态度题。根据最后一段"Thisworkhighlightstheneedfortheprotectionofsalmonpopulationsintheareaaswellastheorcas'entirehuntingrange.Thethreattothesalmon'sfutureisnotjustathreattoasinglespecies,butanentireecosystem.(这项工作强调了保护该地区鲑鱼种群以及逆戟鲸整个狩猎范围的必要性。对鲑鱼未来的威胁不仅仅是对单个物种的威胁，而是对整个生态系统的威胁。)"可推知，作者认为这项研究很重要，即持积极态度。故选A。16．【答案】G；D；B；E；A【解析】【分析】1.根据上文"Butifthesefeelingsdon'tgoawayorbecomesointensethatyoucan'thandlethem,youmaybesufferingfromdepression.(但如果这些感觉没有消失，或者变得如此强烈，以至于你无法处理它们，你可能患有抑郁症)"及下文的几个方法可知，G选项"有办法可以获得帮助，而且你的能力比你想象的要大。"表明是可以通过帮助让自己好起来的，承上启下。故选G。

2.根据上文"Ifyoujuststayinbedalldayandisolateyourself,youwillfeelmoredepressed.(如果你只是整天躺在床上，孤立自己，你会感到更抑郁)"表明孤立自己会让自己更抑郁，D选项"但当你走到外面的世界时，你可能会发现自己感觉好多了。"表明外出会让自己好起来，与前文构成转折，且与下文"与朋友待在一起"意思一致。故选D。

3.根据上文"Physicalactivitycanbeaseffectiveasmedicationsfordepression,sogetinvolvedinsports,rideyourbike,ortakeadanceclass.Anyactivityhelps!(体育活动可以像治疗抑郁症的药物一样有效，所以参加体育运动，骑自行车，或者参加舞蹈课。任何活动都有帮助)"表明体育活动对抑郁的好处，B选项"即使是短暂的散步也会有益处。"同样表明体育活动的作用，且even与前一句Anyactivity呼应。故选B。

4.根据上文"However,substanceusecannotonlymakedepressionworse,butcancauseyoutobecomemoredepressed.(然而，物质使用不仅会使抑郁症恶化，还会使你变得更加抑郁)"可知，物质使用不能解决抑郁的问题，还有可能更糟糕，E选项"总之，从长远来看，饮酒和吸毒会让你感觉更糟，而不是更好。"为前文总结，符合本段语境。故选E。

5.空处为小标题，根据下文"Stressandworrycanleadtodepression.Talktoateacherifexamsorclassesseemoverwhelming.Inaddition,ifyouhaveahealthconcernyoufeelyoucan'ttalktoyourparentsabout,seeadoctor.(压力和担忧会导致