商务与经济统计(原书第14版)选择题及答案 Chapter-01-Data-and-Statistics

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Chapter01-DataandStatistics

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MultipleChoice

1.

Differentmethodsofdevelopingusefulinformationfromlargedatabasesaredealtwithunder

a.

datamanipulation.

b.

datawarehousing.

c.

bigdata.

d.

datamining.

ANSWER:

d

2.

Theprocessofcapturing,storing,andmaintainingdataisknownas

a.

datamanipulation.

b.

datamining.

c.

datawarehousing.

d.

bigdata.

ANSWER:

c

3.

Thesubjectofdataminingdealswith

a.

methodsfordevelopingusefuldecision-makinginformationfromlargedatabases.

b.

keepingdatasecuresothatunauthorizedindividualscannotaccessthedata.

c.

computationalprocedurefordataanalysis.

d.

computingtheaveragefordata.

ANSWER:

a

4.

Inaquestionnaire,respondentsareaskedtomarktheirgenderasmaleorfemale.Thescaleofmeasurementforgenderis_____scale.

a.

ordinal

b.

nominal

c.

ratio

d.

interval

ANSWER:

b

5.

Thescaleofmeasurementthatisusedtorankordertheobservationforavariableiscalledthe_____scale.

a.

ratio

b.

ordinal

c.

nominal

d.

interval

ANSWER:

b

6.

Arestaurantaskstheircustomerstofilloutaquestionnaireindicatingwhethertheirservicewasexcellent,verygood,good,orpoor.Theratingscaleusedisanexampleofthe

_____scale.

a.

ordinal

b.

ratio

c.

nominal

d.

interval

ANSWER:

a

7.

Thedatameasuredonordinalscaleexhibitsallthepropertiesofdatameasuredon

a.

ratioscale.

b.

intervalscale.

c.

nominalscale.

d.

nominalandintervalscales.

ANSWER:

c

8.

Measurementofbodytemperatureisanexampleofavariablethatuses

a.

theratioscale.

b.

theintervalscale.

c.

theordinalscale.

d.

eithertheratioortheordinalscale.

ANSWER:

b

9.

Arithmeticoperationsprovidemeaningfulresultsforvariablesthat

a.

useanyscaleofmeasurementexceptnominalandordinal.

b.

appearasnon-numericalvalues.

c.

arequantitative.

d.

havenon-negativevalues.

ANSWER:

c

10.

Heightisanexampleofavariablethatusesthe_____scale.

a.

ratio

b.

interval

c.

nominal

d.

ordinal

ANSWER:

a

11.

Data

measuredanominalscale

a.

mustbealphabetic.

b.

canbeeithernumericornonnumeric.

c.

mustbenumeric.

d.

mustrankorderthedata.

ANSWER:

b

12.

Thescaleofmeasurementthathasaninherentzerovaluedefinedisthe

_____scale.

a.

ratio

b.

nominal

c.

ordinal

d.

interval

ANSWER:

a

13.

Themeasurementscalesuitableforquantitativedatais_____

scale.

a.

theordinal

b.

thenominal

c.

eithertheintervalorratio

d.

onlytheinterval

ANSWER:

c

14.

Dataare

a.

alwaysnumeric.

b.

alwaysnon-numeric.

c.

therawmaterialofstatistics.

d.

alwayscategorical.

ANSWER:

c

15.

Theentitiesonwhichdataarecollectedare

a.

elements.

b.

populations.

c.

samples.

d.

observations.

ANSWER:

a

16.

Thesetofmeasurementscollectedforaparticularelement

arecalled

a.

variables.

b.

observations.

c.

samples.

d.

populations.

ANSWER:

b

17.

Acharacteristicofinterestfortheelementsiscalleda

a.

sample.

b.

dataset.

c.

variable.

d.

quality.

ANSWER:

c

18.

Allthedatacollectedinaparticularstudyarereferredtoasthe

a.

sample.

b.

variable.

c.

dataset.

d.

population.

ANSWER:

c

19.

Quantitativedata

a.

arealwaysnon-numeric.

b.

maybeeithernumericornon-numeric.

c.

arealwaysnumeric.

d.

arenevernumeric.

ANSWER:

c

20.

Inaquestionnaire,respondentsareaskedtomarktheirmaritalstatusassingle,married,divorced,orwidowed.Maritalstatusisanexampleofa(n)_____variable.

a.

categorical

b.

quantitative

c.

interval-scale

d.

ordinal-scale

ANSWER:

a

21.

Thenumberofobservationswillalwaysbethesameasthe

a.

numberofvariables.

b.

numberofelements.

c.

populationsize.

d.

samplesize.

ANSWER:

b

22.

Categoricaldata

a.

mustbenumeric.

b.

mustbenonnumeric.

c.

cannotbenumeric.

d.

maybeeithernumericornonnumeric.

ANSWER:

d

23.

Categoricaldata

a.

indicateeitherhowmuchorhowmany.

b.

cannotbenumeric

c.

arelabelsusedtoidentifyattributesofelements.

d.

mustbenonnumeric.

ANSWER:

c

24.

Ordinaryarithmeticoperationsaremeaningful

a.

onlywithcategoricaldata.

b.

onlywithquantitativedata.

c.

eitherwithquantitativeorcategoricaldata.

d.

withneitherquantitativeorcategoricaldata.

ANSWER:

b

25.

Astudent’sdormitoryroomnumberisanexampleof

a.

aquantitativevariable.

b.

eitheraquantitativeoracategoricalvariable.

c.

anexchangevariable.

d.

acategoricalvariable.

ANSWER:

d

26.

Goalsscoredinasoccergameisanexampleof

a.

acategoricalvariable.

b.

aquantitativevariable.

c.

eitheraquantitativeorcategoricalvariable.

d.

neitheraquantitativenorcategoricalvariable.

ANSWER:

b

27.

Foreaseofdataentryintoauniversitydatabase,1denotesthatthestudentisafreshman,2indicatesasophomore,3indicatesajunior,and4indicatesthatthestudentisasenior.Inthiscase,dataare

a.

categorical.

b.

quantitative.

c.

eithercategoricalorquantitative.

d.

neithercategoricalnorquantitative.

ANSWER:

a

28.

Arithmeticoperationsareinappropriatefor

a.

categoricaldata.

b.

quantitativedata.

c.

bothcategoricalandquantitativedata.

d.

largedatasets.

ANSWER:

a

29.

Costofatheaterticketisanexampleof

a.

categoricaldata.

b.

eithercategoricalorquantitativedata.

c.

nominal

data.

d.

quantitativedata.

ANSWER:

d

30.

Datacollectedatthesame,orapproximatelythesamepointintimeare_____data.

a.

timeseries

b.

approximatetimeseries

c.

cross-sectional

d.

approximate

ANSWER:

c

31.

Datacollectedoverseveraltimeperiodsare_____data.

a.

timeseries

b.

timecontrolled

c.

cross-sectional

d.

periodic

ANSWER:

a

32.

Statisticalstudiesinwhichresearchersdonotcontrolvariablesofinterestare_____studies.

a.

experimental

b.

randomvariable

c.

inferential

d.

observational

ANSWER:

d

33.

Statisticalstudiesinwhichresearcherscontrolvariablesofinterestare_____studies.

a.

experimental

b.

randomvariable

c.

inferential

d.

observational

ANSWER:

a

34.

Thesummariesofdata,whichmaybetabular,graphical,ornumerical,arereferredtoas_____

statistics.

a.

inferential

b.

descriptive

c.

observational

d.

experimental

ANSWER:

b

35.

Statisticalinference

a.

referstotheprocessofdrawinginferencesaboutthesamplebasedonthecharacteristicsofthepopulation.

b.

isthesameasdescriptivestatistics.

c.

istheprocessofdrawinginferencesaboutthepopulationbasedontheinformationtakenfromthesample.

d.

isthesameasacensus.

ANSWER:

c

36.

Thecollectionofallelementsofinterestinastudyis

a.

thepopulation.

b.

thesample.

c.

asurvey.

d.

acensus.

ANSWER:

a

37.

Aportionselectedtorepresentthewholeiscalleda

a.

survey.

b.

population.

c.

census.

d.

sample.

ANSWER:

d

38.

Inasampleof800studentsinauniversity,240or30%areBusinessmajors.The30%isanexampleof

a.

asample.

b.

apopulation.

c.

statisticalinference.

d.

descriptivestatistics.

ANSWER:

d

39.

Inasampleof400studentsinauniversity,80or20%areBusinessmajors.Basedontheaboveinformation,theschool'spaperreportedthat"20%ofallthestudentsattheuniversityareBusinessmajors."Thisreportisanexampleof

a.

asample.

b.

apopulation.

c.

statisticalinference.

d.

descriptivestatistics.

ANSWER:

c

40.

Fivehundredresidentsofacitywithapopulationof240,495arepolledtoobtaininformationonvotingintentionsinanupcomingcityelection.Thefivehundredresidentsinthisstudyisanexampleofa(n)

a.

census.

b.

sample.

c.

observation.

d.

population.

ANSWER:

b

41.

Astatisticsprofessoraskedstudentsinaclasstheirages.Basedonthisinformation,theprofessorstatesthattheaverageageofallthestudentsintheuniversityis24years.Thisisanexampleof

a.

anobservationalstudy.

b.

descriptivestatistics.

c.

anexperiment.

d.

statisticalinference.

ANSWER:

d

42.

Theownerofafactoryregularlyrequestsagraphicalsummaryofallemployees'salaries.Thegraphicalsummaryofsalariesisanexampleof_____statistics.

a.

inferential

b.

descriptive

c.

experimental

d.

observational

ANSWER:

b

43.

TheDepartmentofTransportationofacityhascalculatedthatontheaveragethereare17accidentsperday.Theaveragenumberofaccidentsisanexampleof

a.

descriptivestatistics.

b.

statisticalinference.

c.

asample.

d.

apopulation.

ANSWER:

a

44.

Theprocessofanalyzingsampledatainordertodrawconclusionsaboutthecharacteristicsofapopulationiscalled

a.

descriptivestatistics.

b.

statisticalinference.

c.

dataanalysis.

d.

datasummarization.

ANSWER:

b

45.

Inapostoffice,themailboxesarenumberedfrom1to4,500.Thesenumbersrepresent

a.

categoricaldata.

b.

quantitativedata.

c.

eithercategoricalorquantitativedata.

d.

sincethenumbersaresequential,thedataisquantitative.

ANSWER:

a

46.

Theaverageageinasampleof190studentsatCityCollegeis22.Asaresultofthissample,itcanbeconcludedthattheaverageageofallthestudentsatCityCollege

a.

mustbemorethan22,sincethepopulationisalwayslargerthanthesample.

b.

mustbelessthan22,sincethesampleisonlyapartofthepopulation.

c.

couldnotbe22.

d.

isaround

22.

ANSWER:

d

47.

Sinceasampleisasubsetofthepopulation,thesamplemean_____themeanofthepopulation.

a.

isalwayssmallerthan

b.

isalwayslargerthan

c.

mustbeequalto

d.

variesaround

ANSWER:

d

48.

Thescaleofmeasurementusedforvariabledatathatissimplyalabelforthepurposeofidentifyingtheattributeofanelementisthe_____scale.

a.

ratio

b.

nominal

c.

ordinal

d.

interval

ANSWER:

b

49.

Inadataset,thenumberofelementswillalwaysbethesameasthenumberof

a.

independentvariables.

b.

observations.

c.

datapoints.

d.

dependentvariables.

ANSWER:

b

50.

Whichofthefollowingisnotascaleofmeasurement?

a.

Nominal

b.

Ordinal

c.

Interval

d.

Observational

ANSWER:

d

51.

Whichofthefollowingisascaleofmeasurement?

a.

Ratio

b.

Proportion

c.

Sample

d.

Inferential

ANSWER:

a

52.

Whichscaleofmeasurementcanbeeithernumericornon-numeric?

a.

Nominal

b.

Ratio

c.

Interval

d.

Quantitative

ANSWER:

a

53.

Whichofthefollowingvariablesusetheratioscaleofmeasurement?

a.

Driver'slicensenumber

b.

Temperature

c.

Gender

d.

Weight

ANSWER:

d

54.

Thenumbersonfootballjerseysareanexampleof_____data.

a.

categorical

b.

eithercategoricalorquantitative

c.

neithercategoricalorquantitative

d.

quantitative

ANSWER:

a

55.

Theheightofabuilding,measuredinfeet,isanexampleof_____data.

a.

categorical

b.

eithercategoricalorquantitative

c.

neithercategoricalorquantitative

d.

quantitative

ANSWER:

d

56.

Aninterviewerhasmadeanerrorinrecordingthedata.Thistypeoferrorisknownasa(n)_____error.

a.

experimental

b.

dataacquisition

c.

non-experimental

d.

conglomerate

ANSWER:

b

57.

Censusreferstoa(n)

a.

experimentalstudytocollectdataontheentirepopulation.

b.

experimentalstudytocollectdataonasample.

c.

surveytocollectdataonasample.

d.

surveytocollectdataontheentirepopulation.

ANSWER:

d

58.

Inexperimentalstudies,thevariableofinterest

a.

isnotcontrolled.

b.

iscontrolled.

c.

mustbenumerical.

d.

cannotbenumerical.

ANSWER:

b

59.

Inobservationalstudies,thevariableofinterest

a.

isnotcontrolled.

b.

iscontrolled.

c.

mustbenumerical.

d.

cannotbenumerical.

ANSWER:

a

60.

Howmanyscalesofmeasurementexist?

a.

2

b.

4

c.

6

d.

8

ANSWER:

b

61.

Whichofthefollowingscalesofmeasurementareappropriateforquantitativedata?

a.

Intervalandordinal

b.

Ratioandordinal

c.

Nominalandordinal

d.

Intervalandratio

ANSWER:

d

62.

Thesamplesize

a.

canbelargerthanthepopulationsize.

b.

isalwayssmallerthanthepopulationsize.

c.

canbelargerorsmallerthanthepopulationsize.

d.

isalwaysequaltothesizeofthepopulation.

ANSWER:

b

63.

Apopulationis

a.

thesameasasample.

b.

theselectionofarandomsample.

c.

thecollectionofallitemsofinterestinastudy.

d.

alwaysthesamesizeasthesample.

ANSWER:

c

64.

Inarandomsampleof200items,5itemsweredefective.Anestimateofthepercentageofdefectiveitemsinthepopulationis

a.

5%.

b.

2.5%.

c.

20%.

d.

10%.

ANSWER:

b

65.

Onastreet,thehousesarenumberedfrom300to450.Thehousenumbersareexamplesof_____data.

a.

categorical

b.

quantitative

c.

bothquantitativeandcategorical

d.

neitherquantitativenorcategorical

ANSWER:

a

66.

Asurveytocollectdataontheentirepopulationisa(n)

a.

census.

b.

sample.

c.

population.

d.

inference.

ANSWER:

a

67.

Inasampleof1,600registeredvoters,912or57%

approveofthewaythePresidentisdoinghisjob.The57%approvalisanexampleof

a.

asample.

b.

descriptivestatistics.

c.

statisticalinference.

d.

apopulation.

ANSWER:

b

68.

Inasampleof1,600registeredvoters,912or57%approveofthewaythePresidentisdoinghisjob.Apoliticalpollsterestimates:"Fifty-sevenpercentofallvotersapproveofthePresident."Thisstatementisanexampleof

a.

asample.

b.

descriptivestatistics.

c.

statisticalinference.

d.

apopulation.

ANSWER:

c

69.

Thetypeofanalyticswhosemodelsyieldabestcourseofactiontotakeis_____analytics.

a.

descriptive

b.

prescriptive

c.

predictive

d.

inferential

ANSWER:

b

70.

Datadash-boardisananalyticaltechniquethatfallsinthecategoryof_____analytics.

a.

prescriptive

b.

predictive

c.

descriptive

d.

diagnostic

ANSWER:

c

71.

Optimizationmodels,whichgeneratesolutionsthatmaximizeorminimizesomeobjectivesubjecttoasetofconstraints,fallintothecategoryof_____analytics.

a.

prescriptive

b.

predictive

c.

descriptive

d.

diagnostic

ANSWER:

a

72.

Simulation,whichistheuseofprobabilityandstatisticalcomputermodelstobetterunderstandrisk,fallsunderthecategoryof_____analytics.

a.

prescriptive

b.

predictive

c.

descriptive

d.

diagnostic

ANSWER:

b

73.

Thesetofanalyticaltechniquesthatyieldabestcourseofactionis_____analytics.

a.

prescriptive

b.

predictive

c.

descriptive

d.

diagnostic

ANSWER:

a

74.

Analyticsisgenerallythoughttocomprisethreebroadcategoriesoftechniquesthatincludeallofthefollowingexcept_____analytics.

a.

prescriptive

b.

predictive

c.

descriptive

d.

diagnostic

ANSWER:

d

75.

Thelargestexperimentalstatisticalstudyeverconductedisbelievedtobefor​

a.

​Cholera.

b.

​Polio.

c.

​Diphtheria.

d.

​Malaria.

ANSWER:

b

76.

Whichofthefollowingisacategoricalvariable?

a.

Youragewhenyoubegancollege

b.

YourSocialSecurityNumber

c.

Yourstatisticsclassstarttime

d.

Yourbirthyear

ANSWER:

b

77.

Themajorapplicationsofdatamininghavebeenmadebycompanieswithastrong_______focus.​

a.

​wholesale

b.

​manufacturing

c.

consumer

d.

​researchanddevelopment

ANSWER:

c

78.

Dr.KurtThearling,aleadingpractitionerinthefield,definesdataminingas“the_____extractionof_____informationfromdatabases.”

a.

thorough,insightful

b.

timely,accurate

c.

automated,predictive

d.

intentional,useful

ANSWER:

c

79.

Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleofafirmthatsellsorleasesbusinessdatabaseservicestoclients?

a.

​Dun&Bradstreet

b.

​Bloomberg

c.

​CensusBureau

d.

​DowJones&Co.

ANSWER:

c

80.

Whichofthefollowingvariablesusestheintervalscaleofmeasurement?​

a.

​Standardizedtestscore

b.

​Timeduration

c.

​StudentIDnumber

d.

​Vehiclemiles-per-gallon

ANSWER:

a

81.

Thenumberobservationsinacompletedatasethaving15elementsand5variablesis

a.

5.

b.

10.

c.

15.

d.

75.

ANSWER:

b

82.

​Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleofdescriptivestatistics?

a.

​Ahistogramdepictingtheagedistributionfor30randomlyselectedstudents

b.

​AnestimateofthenumberofAlaskaresidentswhohavevisitedCanada

c.

​Atablesummarizingthedatacollectedinasampleofnew-carbuyers

d.

​Theproportionofmailed-outquestionnairesthatwerereturned

ANSWER:

b

83.

​Factsandfiguresthatarecollected,analyzedandsummarizedforpresentationandinterpretationare

a.

​variables.

b.

​elements.

c.

​timeseriesdata.

d.

​data.

ANSWER:

d

84.

Themostcommontypeofobservationalstudyisa(n)

a.

experiment.

b.

survey.

c.

debate.

d.

statisticalinference.

ANSWER:

b

SubjectiveShortAnswer

85.

Aftergraduationceremoniesatauniversity,sixgraduateswereaskedwhethertheywereinfavorof(identifiedby1)oragainst(identifiedby0)abortion.Someinformationaboutthesegraduatesisshownbelow.

Graduate

Sex

Age

AbortionIssue

ClassRank

Marissa

F

24

1

1

Jason

M

22

1

2

Wendy

F

41

0

3

Edward

M

38

0

20

Jennifer

F

25

1

4

Tim

M

19

0

8

​

a.

Howmanyelementsareinthedataset?

b.

Howmanyvariablesareinthedataset?

c.

Howmanyobservationsareinthedataset?

d.

Whichoftheabovevariables(Sex,Age,AbortionIssue,Classrank)arecategoricalandwhicharequantitativevariables?

e.

Arearithmeticoperationsappropriateforthevariable"abortionissue"?

ANSWER:

a.

6

b.

4

c.

6

d.

Sex:categorical

Age:quantitative

AbortionIssue:categorical

ClassRank:categorical

e.

No

86.

ArecentissueofFortuneMagazinereportedthatthefollowingcompanieshadthelowestsalesperemployeeamongtheFortune500companies.

SalesperEmployee

(In$1,000s)

Sales

Rank

Company

SeagateTechnology

42.20

285

SSMC

42.19

414

Russel

41.99

480

Maxxam

40.88

485

DibrellBrothers

22.56

470

​

a.

Howmanyelementsareintheabovedataset?

b.

Howmanyvariablesareintheabovedataset?

c.

Howmanyobservationsareintheabovedataset?

d.

Namethevariablesandindicatewhethertheyarecategoricalorquantitative.

ANSWER:

a.

5

b.

2

c.

5

d.

Salesperemployee:quantitative;Salesrank:categorical

87.

Thefollowingshowsthetemperatures(high,low)andweatherconditionsonagivenSundayforsomeselectedworldcities.Fortheweatherconditions,thefollowingnotationsareused:c=clear;cl=cloudy;sh=showers;pc=partlycloudy.

City

Hi

Lo

Condition

Acapulco

99

77

pc

Bangkok

92

78

pc

MexicoCity

77

57

sh

Montreal

72

56

pc

Paris

77

58

c

Rome

88

68

cl

Toronto

78

61

c

​

a.

Howmanyelementsareinthisdataset?

b.

Howmanyvariablesareinthisdataset?

c.

Howmanyobservationsareinthisdataset?

d.

Namethevariablesandindicatewhethertheyarecategoricalorquantitative.

e.

Forwhichvariablesarearithmeticoperationsappropriateandforwhicharetheynotappropriate?

ANSWER:

a.

7

b.

3

c.

7

d.

Hi:quantitative,Lo:quantitative,Condition:categorical

e.

Hi:appropriate,Lo:appropriate,Condition:notappropriate

88.

Thefollowingdatashowstheyearlyincomedistributionofasampleof200employeesatMNM,Inc.

YearlyIncome

(In$1,000s)

Number

ofEmployees

20-24

2

25-29

48

30-34

60

35-39

80

40-44

10

​

a.

Whatpercentageofemployeeshaveyearlyincomesof$35,000ormore?

b.

Doesthefigurecomputedinpartaexemplifystatisticalinference?Ifno,whatkindofstatisticalinformationdoesitrepresent?

c.

Basedonthissample,thepresidentofthecompanysaidthat"45%ofallouremployees'yearlyincomesare$35,000ormore."Whatkindofstatisticalinformationdoesthepresident'sstatementrepresent?

d.

WiththestatementmadeinPartc,canwebeassuredthatmorethan45%ofallemployees'yearlyincomesareatleast$35,000?Explain.

e.

Whatpercentageofemployeesofthesamplehaveyearlyincomesof$29,000orless?

f.

Howmanyvariablesarepresentedintheabovedataset?

g.

Howmanyobservationresultsarerepresentedintheabovedataset?

ANSWER:

a.

45%

b.

No,itisdescriptivestatistics.

c.

statisticalinference

d.

No,thisissimplyaninferenceandapproximationbasedonthesampleinformation.

e.

25%

f.

2

g.

200

89.

Arecentissueofanationalmagazinereportedthatinanationalpublicopinionsurveyconductedamong2,000individuals,56%wereinfavorofguncontrol,40%opposedguncontrol,and4%hadnoopiniononthesubject.

a.

Whatisthesampleinthissurvey?

b.

Basedonthesample,whatpercentageofthepopulationwouldyouthinkisinfavorofguncontrol?

c.

Basedonthesample,whatpercentageofthepopulationwouldyouthinkhavenoopiniononthesubject?

ANSWER:

a.

The2000individualswhowereapproached

b.

56%

c.

4%

90.

Thefollowingtableshowsthestartingsalariesofasampleofrecentbusinessgraduates.

Income(In$1,000s)

NumberofGraduates

15-19

40

20-24

60

25-29

80

30-34

18

35-39

2

​

a.

Whatpercentageofgraduatesinthesamplehadstartingsalariesofatleast$25,000?

b.

Ofthegraduatesinthesample,whatpercentagehadstartingsalariesoflessthan$20,000?

c.

Basedonthissample,whatpercentageofallbusinessgraduatesdoyouestimatetohavestartingsalariesofatleast$30,000?

ANSWER:

​

a.

50%

b.

20%

c.

10%

91.

Michael,Inc.,amanufacturerofelectricguitars,isasmallfirmwith50employees.Thetablebelowshowsthehourlywagedistributionoftheemployees.

HourlyWages(InDollars)

NumberofEmployees

10-13

8

14-17

12

18-21

20

22-25

10

​

a.

Howmanyemployeesreceivehourlywagesofatmost$18?

b.

Whatpercentageoftheemployeeshavehourlywagesofatleast$22?

c.

Whatpercentageoftheemployeeshavehourlywagesoflessthan$14?

ANSWER:

​

a.

20

b.

20%

c.

16%

92.

ThefollowinginformationregardingthetopeightFortune500companieswaspresentedinanissueofFortuneMagazine.

Sales

$Millions

Sales

Rank

Profit

$Millions

Profit

Rank

Company

GeneralMotors

161,315

1

2,956

30

FordMotor

144,416

2

22,071

2

Wal-MartStores

139,208

3

4,430

14

Exxon

100,697

4

6,370

5

GeneralElectric

100,469

5

9,269

3

Int'lBusinessMachines

81,667

6

6,328

6

Citigroup

76,431

7

5,807

8

PhilipMorris

57,813

8

5,372

9

Boeing

56,154

9

1,120

82

AT&T

53,588

10

6,398

4

​

a.

Howmanyelementsareintheabovedataset?

b.

Howmanyvariablesareinthisdataset?

c.

Howmanyobservationsareinthisdataset?

d.

Whichvariablesarecategoricalandwhicharequantitativevariables?

e.

Whatmeasurementscaleisusedforeachvariable?

ANSWER:

a.

10

b.

4

c.

10

d.

SalesandProfitsarequantitative

SalesRank,andProfitsRankarecategorical

e.

Sales:ratio

SalesRank:ordinal

Profits:ratio

ProfitsRank:ordinal

93.

Thefollowinginformationregardingasampleofsevenstudentsisprovided.

​

Student

IdentificationNumber

GradePointAverage

​

Classification

​

Gender

RankinClass

Adam

1234

2.89

Senior

Male

15

Brandon

8978

2.01

Junior

Male

25

Jason

6578

3.97

Freshman

Male

3

Marissa

2345

3.98

Sophomore

Female

2

Michelle

8901

2.67

Senior

Female

18

Wendy

7789

4.00

Senior

Female

1

Webster

6780

3.77

Freshman

Male

4

​

a.

Howmanyelementsareintheabovedataset?

b.

Howmanyvariablesareinthisdataset?

c.

Howmanyobservationsareinthisdataset?

d.

Whichvariablesarecategoricalandwhicharequantitativevariables?

e.

Whatmeasurementscaleisusedforeachvariable?

ANSWER:

a.

7

b.

5

c.

7

d.

Gradepointaverageisquantitative.Allothersarecategorical.

e.

IdentificationNumber:nominal

GradePointAverage:ratio

Classification:ordinal

Gender:nominal

RankinClass:ordinal

94.

ThefollowinginformationregardingthetenrichestAmericanswasreportedinarecentissueofForbes.

​

Name

Ranking

Worth

($Billions)

Age

MaritalStatus

Source

Gates,William

1

59.0

51

married

Microsoft

Buffett,Warren

2

52.0

77

ma