浙江省浙江星辰联盟2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题（含答案）

第第页浙江省浙江星辰联盟2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题一、ANiagaraParkisadestinationthatneedslittleintroduction.TheHorseshoeFallsintheparkisundeniablythestarattraction,withthewatersoftheNiagaraRiverplummetingovera188ft-highdrop.Whilethisnaturalwonderisindeedbreathtaking,it'sbynomeanstheonlyreasontovisittheregion.Thereareanumberofequallyimpressivenatureandhistoryexperiencestoenjoyinthepark.JourneybehindthefallsJourneyBehindtheFallsisanattractionatthewestofHorseshoeFalls,documentingthegeographicalevolutionofNiagaraFallsandtellingthehistoryofNiagaraFallsasanarea,fromitsfirstIndigenousinhabitantstoaworld-famoustouristattraction.WitnessawhirlpoolfromaboveInNiagaraValleyvisitorswillfindasurgingwhirlpoolofwaterrages,createdbyanabruptanticlockwiseturnattherapids'end.Forthebestview,taketheWhirlpoolAeroCarthathasbeentransportingvisitorsacrossthegorgeforoveracentury.It'sapopularattraction,soconsidervisitingfirstthinginthemorningtoavoidqueues.Discovertheworld'sbutterfliesTheNiagaraParkButterflyConservatoryisoneofNorthAmerica'slargestbutterflyconservatories.Theself-guidedtourletsvisitorsobservebutterflyspeciesfromallovertheworld,seethemupcloseatfeedingstations,orifyou'relucky,witnessnewbornstaketheirfirstflight.TaketothetunnelsLeavethesurfacebehindandboardaglass-walledlifttodescendintothedepthsoftheNiagaraParksPowerStationbuiltin1905.Aswellaswanderingthebuilding'shalls,guestscanwalkthroughtheoutlettunnel.ThelongcorridortransfersvisitorstoadramaticexitpointovertheNiagaraRiver,whereanewviewingplatformrevealstheremarkablesightofHorseshoeFallsandNiagaraRiver.Thepassagewaycanbeaccessedfornoextrafee.1．WhatdoyouknowabouttheNiagaraPark?A．TouristsvisitNiagaraParkonlyforbreathtakingfalls.B．Thetunnelisaccessiblewithoutanyadditionalcharge.C．Thebestwaytowitnessawhirlpooliswalkingthroughthegorge.D．Visitorslearnaboutthegeographicalevolutionontheviewingplatform.2．WhatcanvisitorsdoattheNiagaraParkButterflyConservatory?A．Feedthebutterflies.B．Takeaguidedtour.C．Witnessthebirthofbutterflies.D．Observebutterflyspeciesfromaroundtheworld3．What'sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toattractvisitorstothepark.B．Toshowthehistoryofthepark.C．Tointroducethevarietyofthepark.D．Tostresstheimportanceofecosystem.二、BPresidentClevelandistheonlyU.S.presidenttolosehisfirstreelectionbidthenreturnfouryearslatertowinbacktheWhiteHouse.Hehasbeennotedforhisreformistagendaandoppositiontocustomsthatforeshowedthefree-trademovementofthe1890s.Butthe22ndand24thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesisperhapsbestknownastheonlyAmericanpresidenttoholdtheofficefortwonon-consecutive(非连续的)terms.In1884,Cleveland,defeatedopponentJamesBlaineinanarrowvictory.Fouryearslater,Helosthis1888reelectionracefocusingoneconomicpolicyissues,customsincluded,butlackingeffectivemanagementandunitywithinhispartytoRepublicanchallengerBenjaminHarrisondespitesecuringthepopularvote.However,inan1892rematch,ClevelanddefeatedHarrisontoreclaimtheoffice.Cleveland'sfailed1888reelectioncampaignagainstHarrison,forthereasonthatthecampaignwasincompetentlyrunonnearlyeveryfront,accordingtoTroySenik,presidentialhistorian,formerpresidentialspeechwriter."Hebegantheracewithoutacampaignmanager;delegatedmostoftheelectioneeringresponsibilitiestohisrunningmate,AllenThurman,who,attheageof74,wasnothealthyenoughtoresisttherigorsofcampaigning;andbasedtheentireracearoundhisproposaltoreducecustoms,whichdividedhisownDemocraticPartyandunifiedtheRepublicansinopposition,"Seniksays.Withtheeconomytakingcenterstageduringthecampaignandathird-partybidfromthenewlyformedPopulistPartyClevelandagainclaimedvictoryin1892,prevailingthepopularvote46percentto43percentoverHarrison.ClevelandsailedtoadecisiveElectoralCollegewinwith277votes,whichindicatedthatClevelandwonlargelymainlybecausehehadbeenprovedprescientonthecustomsissue."WoodrowWilsononcewroteofClevelandthathiscoursesofactionwereincalculabletothemerepolitician,simplybecausetheywerenotbasedoncalculation.Clevelandwasneverespeciallybeloved,buthewasrespected,"Seniksays,"thatwaspreciselybecausethepublicknewthathe'ddowhathethoughtwasrightratherthanwhathethoughtwaspoliticallyexpedient."4．WhydidClevelandlosehischanceofthetwoconsecutive-terms?A．HehasnopopularsupportamongthePublics.B．Thepreparationbeforetheelectionwasinadequate.C．Hefeltagreatresponsibilityaspresidentandwaseagertoretire.D．Partymemberslackeffectivegovernanceandunitywithinhisownparty.5．What'sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．Themaincontentsin1888reelection.B．Thelackofcampaignmanagerin1888.C．Effectivenessoftheproposaltoreducecustoms.D．ThereasonofCleveland'sfailurein1888reelection.6．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"prevailing"inthefourthparagraph?A．Winning. B．Losing. C．Electing. D．Competing.7．Whatcanweinferfromlastparagraph?A．Clevelandwaslovedbyalotofpeople.B．Clevelandwashighlythoughtofbypeople.C．Clevelandlosttheheartofthepublic.D．Clevelandputpoliticalinterestsfirst.三、CThediningindustryisadvancingtowardgreaterdiversification,specializationandintelligencewiththedevelopmentofsocietyandapplicationofartificialintelligence.Fromthemanualoperationofthe1.0eratothewidespreadmechanizationofthe2.0era,andthentotheparallelstandardizationanddigitalizationofthe3.0era,thediningindustryissteppingintoabrandnewstage:SmartDining4.0.Theconstantadvancementsincookingequipmentandrelatedtechnologiesarethekeydriversbehindthechangesinthediningindustry.AIisimprovingourdiningexperiencelikeneverbefore.Imaginesteppingintoarestaurantwherethehustleandbustleoftakingordersisreplacedbywarmlightingandsoothingmusic.Afterasimplescanning,theintelligentorderingsystemcanquicklyrecognizeyouridentity,favoritedishes,dietarypreferences,andevenyourmood,andthentailorsthemenustosuitindividualtastes.That'sthepowerofAI-drivenpersonalizeddining.Moresurprisingly,virtualreality(VR)andaugmentedreality(AR)areusedtocreateanimmersivediningatmosphere.Moreover,AIismakingfoodsafetyandnutritionatoppriority.Withthehelpoftechnologies,restaurantscannowquicklyevaluatethequalityandsafetyofingredients,ensuringthatonlythebestonesmakeittoyourplate.Atthesametime,AIisplayingacrucialroleinnutritiousmealplanning.Byanalyzingconsumers'dietaryhabitsandhealthdata,AI-poweredsystemscancreatepersonalizedmealplansthatmeetindividualhealthneeds.SmartDining4.0hasbeenenlargingitsrange.Nevertheless,thetransformationandupgradingofthediningindustryshouldbeinlinewiththecultureofacountry:inawayinnovationmeetstradition.Hence,ItisadvisabletobuildaSmartDining4.0withChinesecharacteristics,whichcannotonlymeetourdesireforabetterlife,butalsohelpustoinherit(继承)andcarryforwardthesuperbtraditionalChinesefoodculture.8．What'sthefeatureoftheseconderaofthediningindustry?A．Manualoperation.B．Artificialintelligentization.C．Widespreadmechanization.D．Parallelstandardizationanddigitalization.9．WhichofthefollowingdoesnotmatchwiththeSmartDining4.0?A．Thehustleandbustleoftakingorder.B．Tailoredmenustosuitindividualtastes.C．Animmersivediningatmosphere.D．Atoppriorityoffoodsafetyandnutrition.10．What'stheauthor'spurposetowritethelastparagraph?A．Toemphasizetheimportanceofthecultureofacountry.B．Toindicatethediningindustryshouldbetransformedandupgraded.C．TosuggestustobuildaSmartDining4.0withChinesecharacteristics.D．TocallonustoinheritandcarryforwardoftraditionalChinesefoodculture.11．Wherearewemostlikelytoreadthistext?A．Textbook. B．Sciencemagazine.C．Sciencebrochure. D．CollectionofModernliterature.四、DRecently,astudycoveringmorethan100,000peopleinNorthwestChinahasrevealedchoosingriceasastaplefoodmayresultinalowerriskofobesity.ResearchersfromXi'anJiaotongUniversitycollecteddatafromparticipantsaged35to74fromfivenorthwesternregions.Theresearchersdividedtheparticipantsintothreegroupsaccordingtotheirweeklyriceandwheatintake.Thefirstgroupeatsriceasstaplefood,thesecondgroup'sstaplefoodiswheat,andthethirdgroupconsumesbothriceandwheatasstaplefood,withsimilarfrequency.Theresultsshowthatricepreferencemaybeassociatedwithalowerriskofcertainobesitytypes.Higherwheatintakewasassociatedwithhigherrisksofexcessivebodyfatandcentralobesity(stomachfat).Whenwheatloverschangedtheirstaplefoodtoricefivetimesperweek,theparticipantsshoweda36.5percentlowerriskofnormal-weightobesityinmen,whichreferstopeoplewithnormalbodyweightbutahighbodyfatpercentageanda20.5percentlowerriskofnormal-weightcentralobesityinwomen.Accordingtotheresearchers,previousanimalstudiesshowthatriceproteinshowsthepotentialforanti-obesityandtriglyceride-loweringeffects.Moreover,wheatflourabsorbslesswaterthanricewhencooked,partlyresultinginahigherenergydensity(密度)ofwheatthanrice.Asimilarresulthasalsobeenshowninthesixthedition(2020)oftheChineseFoodCompositionTable.Meanwhile,rice-baseddietarypatternsoftenhavemorefreshvegetables,legumes(豆类),meatandfish.PeoplewithwheatpreferenceinNorthwestChinatendtoeatlargebowlsofnoodleswithfewervegetablesorlessmeat.TheresearchersnotedthatgiventhevastterritoryanddiverseethnicgroupspresentinNorthwestChina,furtherstudiesmaybenecessarytofullyunderstandtheregionalspecificityandpotentialunderlyingreasonsfortheobservedlinks.12．Howdoresearchersexplaintheirfindingsinparagraph3?A．Byintroducingaconcept. B．Byusinganexpert'swords.C．Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D．Bycomparingandlistingnumbers.13．Whatdoes"Asimilarresult"refertoinparagraph4?A．Wheathasahigherenergydensitythanrice.B．Peoplewithricepreferencehaveabetterdiet.C．Wheatabsorbslesswaterthanricewhencooked.D．Riceproteinmayhavepotentialanti-obesityfunction.14．Whatwilltheresearchersfocusoninthefurtherstudy?A．Whatarethereasonsfortheobesity?B．HowmanyethnicgroupsinNorthwesternChina?C．Willregionaldiversitiesaffecttheresultsofthestudy?D．Whatarethelinksbetweenvastterritoryanddiverseethnicgroups?15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A．Rice—lowerenergydensityfoodB．Wheat—higherenergydensityfoodC．Riceasastaplefood—alowerriskofobesityD．Wheatasastaplefood—ahigherriskofobesity五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。16．WhyamIalwayssotiredwhenIgoonvacation?Manypeoplefeelmoretiredwhentheyareonvacation.Thisphenomenoncanoftenbeattributedtojetlag..◆You'vegot"leisuresickness",-andthereforeverytired-rightbeforeyougoonholiday,simplybecauseyouhavesomuchtogetfinishedbeforeyouleave.DutchpsychologistAdVingerhoetsfromTilburgUniversityinHollandinterviewed1128menand765womenwhowereinhigh-poweredjobsaboutgettingillonholiday.ProfessorVingerhoetstoldreportersofthefindings:"Likelycandidatesarepeoplewhoareconsumedwithwork,whohavedemandingandhigh-stresspositions,andwhohavetroublemakingthetransitionbetweenaworkandnon-workenvironment."◆You'recatchingupwithsleepMostofusdon'tgetenoughsleepinourday-to-daylives..Lettingyourbodyrelaxandcatchuponthatmuch-neededsleepcanleaveyoufeelingmoresleepybecauseyou'rerealisingwhatyou'remissinginyoureverydaylifeintermsofsleep.ProfessorDorothyBrucktoldABC.net.au:"Theaverageamountofsleepthatadultshaveis7.2or7.3hours.Butwhenweletpeoplesleepuntiltheycan'tsleepanymore,theaverageis8.25hours."◆You'redrinkingmoreonholidayThisoneisobvious–whodoesn'tlikeabeeroracocktailroundthepool?Ofcourse,alcoholmakesussleepyandwhenyoudonodoff,itactuallyinterfereswithsleep..Itmaybeworthconsideringhavingafewnightsoffthewinewhileyou'reaway,ifyoucan–yourbodywillthankyouforit.◆.Youmaynotfeelasrelaxedinaforeignbed,whichcancausetheleftsideofyourbraintostayalertfor"danger".Thegoodnewsisthatifyoutravelregularly,yourbraincangetbetteratlearningtoturnthatfunctionoff.GoodHousekeepingreportsthatYukaSasakifromBrownUniversitytoldthejournalCurrentBiology:"Humans'brainsareveryflexible."A.SoheadingonholidayandbeingallowedtosleepasmuchasyoulikecanbearevelationB.Yoursleepingqualitywon'tbegood,feelinglessrestedthanonanalcohol-freenightC.ButthereareoftenotherreasonswhyyouneedtosleepmorethanusualD.You'llbeonhighalertwhenyou'resleepinginanunfamiliarplaceE.YoumayfindyourselfburningoutatworkF.AlcoholmakesussleepdeeperandlongerG.Travelingoftenallowsyourbrainstorelax六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Youmighthavethoughtthattheworld'slongest-servinglifeguardwouldbefoundonasunnybeachinCaliforniaorAustralia.ButonarainyBritishspringday,theGuinnessWorldRecordspeopleheldaceremonyinBournemouthtoawardlocal17．ChrisLewisthetitle.Lewis,74,18．thisjobwhenhewas16,meaninghehasbeencomingtothe19．ofusersofthesandybeachesherefor58years."It'sthebest20．intheworld,"hesaid."You'reworkingonthebeach,whichyouhavea21．for,andyou'rehelpingpeople.Whatcouldbebetter?"Lewissaidfriendsusedtorib(逗弄)himthatmostofhiscolleaguesinRoyalNationalLifeboatInstitution(RNLI)werehalfhisage.Butheisstill22．.Theswimmingfitnesstestsarestillreasonably23．forLewis.Allwinterhe24．ondoing3,000metresofseaswimmingeachmonthwithnowetsuit(潜水服).Lewis's25．beganin1965whenapoliceofficer26．hispotential.HebecamepartoftheRNLIlifeguardservicein2001whenthecharitybeganprovidingbeachpatrolsforlocalauthorities.Lewislaughedwhenaskedifhehadseenmanychanges.TheRNLI'sequipmentin2024includesjetskis(水上摩托艇),rescueboatsandquadbikes(四轮摩托)."WhenIstarted,littleequipmentwas27．."Lewishadeversuffered28．anddepression.29．,hebelieveshistrainingandthetimespentonthebeach30．thenegativeemotions.Henowhelpstotrainyounglifeguards.Overtheyears,hehasperformedhundredsofrescues.Hesaysgivingadvicethatpreventspeoplegettingintotroubleispreferabletocarryingoutexcitingrescues."Iwouldloveto31．thewholeofsummerwithouthavingtorescueanybody."17．A．lifeguard B．colleague C．institute D．professor18．A．tookin B．tookoff C．tookup D．tookover19．A．end B．edge C．stop D．aid20．A．characteristic B．occupation C．consumption D．objective21．A．fantasy B．prediction C．root D．passion22．A．gentle B．determined C．reliable D．adorable23．A．hard B．easy C．vital D．unimportant24．A．obeyed B．resisted C．insisted D．opposed25．A．career B．life C．reality D．routine26．A．advocated B．adopted C．spotted D．persuaded27．A．distinct B．rewarding C．available D．rare28．A．anxiety B．anger C．delight D．excitement29．A．Hence B．Instead C．Otherwise D．Nevertheless30．A．relieved B．acknowledged C．combined D．blessed31．A．sufferfrom B．callon C．getacross D．gothrough七、第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。PanZhanle,32．19-year-oldOlympian,hasdeliveredanew100mfreestyleworldrecordof46.40,thefirstswimmingworldrecordoftheOlympicGamesParis2024.Panhaditinhissightsfromhismagnificentstart,leadingthefield,andfinishedawholesecondahead33．Australia'sKyleChalmers,34．tooksilver,followedbyRomania'sDavidPopoviciinbronze-medalposition.Anincrediblemomentfollowedasthe35．(compete)lookedupattheclocktoseePan'stimeandbegan36．(applaud).Pan'snewmarkloweredhispreviousrecord,whichhehadsetatthe2024WorldChampionshipsinthe4x100mfreestylerelay,byafullfour-tenthsofasecond.Hisgold-medalvictoryalsorepresentsafirst-evermedalforChinainthe100mfreestyle.Pantoldthemedia,"Ifeltenormouspressurebeforetheracebecausemanyofmyteammatesdidnotdelivergood37．(perform)anddidnotwinthemedalstheywereaimingfor."Pansaid."TodayIdidnotexpecttobreaktherecord38．(actual).It'saperfectresultandit'savitalstepformeandtheChineseswimmingteam."The19-year-oldsaidthathe39．(sleep)littlebeforethefinalbecauseofadopingtest(药检)thatranintotheearlyhoursofthemorning."AllthetestshavenotaffectedmemuchandI'mnotannoyedbyit.It'sapartoftherules.Icommittedmyselfto40．(get)thebestresult.IwasverysurprisedintheendthatIbroketheworldrecordanditwas41．(reward)."hesaid.八、第一节（满分15分）42．假如你是李华，上周你校开展了一场主题为"人工智能(AI)与我们的生活"的演讲比赛，请为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.比赛目的；2.比赛的过程与结果；3.比赛的影响和意义。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。AIandOurLives:AThought-ProvokingSpeechContest__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________九、第二节（满分25分）43．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Adarkleaden-colouredmasswascreepingovertheskytowardsthesunintheearlymorning.Redzigzagsoflightninggleamedhereandthere.Therewasasoundoffar-awayrumbling.Awarmwindflowedoverthegrass,bentthetrees,andstirredupthedust.Inaminutetherewouldbearealrainstorm.Fyokla,alittlebeggar-girlofsix,wasrunningthroughthevillage,lookingforTerenty—thecobbler(修鞋匠).Thewhite-haired,barefootchildwaspalewithhereyeswide-openandlipstrembling.Sheaskedeveryoneshemetbutnooneanswered.Theywerealloccupiedwiththeapproachingstormandhidintheirshelters.Atlast,someonetoldherTerentywasatthekitchen-gardens.SherantofindTerenty.Thetalloldmanwithathinface,verylonglegs,andbarefeet,dressedinaworn-outjacket,wasstandingnearthevegetableplots."UncleTerenty!"thegirladdressedhim.TerentybentdowntoFyokla,andhisfacewasoverspreadwithasmile."Ah!Fyokla,Whatwaswrong?"heasked,lispingtenderly."UncleTerenty,"repliedFyokla,withasob,draggingatthelapelofthecobbler'scoat."BrotherDanilkastuckhishandintoaholeinatreeintheCount'sCopseandcouldn'tgetitout."TerentyaslolearntDanilkajustwantedtogetacuckoo'seggoutoftheholeforhissister.Terentyshookhisheadandspatdeliberately,butdeterminedtoofferhelp.Hecameoutofthekitchen-gardenandbeganstridingdownthevillagestreet.Hewalkedquicklywithoutstoppingorlookingaround,asthoughhewerepushedroughlyfrombehindorafraidofpursuit.Fyoklacouldhardlycatchhim."Holy,holy,holy…"whisperedFyokla,hurryingafterTerenty.TheycameoutofthevillageandturnedalongthedustyroadtowardstheCount'sCopsewhichwasaboutamileandahalfaway.Thecloudshadcoveredthesun,andsoonitgrewtotallydark.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Para.1:Thefirstrain-drops,bigandheavy,fellonFyokla'scheekandslidlikeateardownherchin.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para.2:ButatlasttheywentintotheCount'sCopse.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．D3．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了加拿大尼亚加拉公园，强调它不仅是观赏著名自然奇观马蹄瀑布的好去处，还有许多同样令人印象深刻的自然和历史体验项目值得游客探索。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．细节理解题。根据Taketothetunnels部分中的"Thepassagewaycanbeaccessedfornoextrafee."这条通道可以免费进入。可知，隧道可以免费进入。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据Discovertheworld'sbutterflies部分中的"Theself-guidedtourletsvisitorsobservebutterflyspeciesfromallovertheworld,seethemupcloseatfeedingstations,orifyou'relucky,witnessnewbornstaketheirfirstflight."这个自助游可以让游客观察来自世界各地的蝴蝶品种，在喂食站近距离观察它们，如果你幸运的话，还可以目睹新生蝴蝶的第一次飞行。可知，游客可以观察来自世界各地的蝴蝶品种。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据第一段"NiagaraParkisadestinationthatneedslittleintroduction.TheHorseshoeFallsintheparkisundeniablythestarattraction,withthewatersoftheNiagaraRiverplummetingovera188ft-highdrop.Whilethisnaturalwonderisindeedbreathtaking,it'sbynomeanstheonlyreasontovisittheregion.Thereareanumberofequallyimpressivenatureandhistoryexperiencestoenjoyinthepark."尼亚加拉公园是一个不需要介绍的目的地。不可否认，公园里的马蹄瀑布是最吸引人的景点，尼亚加拉河的水从188英尺高的地方直坠而下。虽然这个自然奇观确实令人叹为观止，但它绝不是参观该地区的唯一理由。在公园里有许多同样令人印象深刻的自然和历史体验。可知本文介绍了尼亚加拉公园的几个主要景点和活动，这些介绍都是为了吸引读者对尼亚加拉公园的兴趣，并鼓励他们前往游览。因此，本文目的是吸引游客到公园。故选A。【答案】4．D5．D6．A7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了GroverCleveland作为美国历史上唯一两度非连续任职的总统（第22任和第24任），其政治生涯以改革立场、关税争议和独特的竞选策略为标志。他因坚持原则而非政治算计而赢得尊重，尽管1888年因党内分裂和竞选管理失误败选，但最终通过1892年回归证明了自己对经济问题的远见。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"In1884,Cleveland,defeatedopponentJamesBlaineinanarrowvictory.Fouryearslater,Helosthis1888reelectionracefocusingoneconomicpolicyissues,customsincluded,butlackingeffectivemanagementandunitywithinhispartytoRepublicanchallengerBenjaminHarrisondespitesecuringthepopularvote."1884年，克利夫兰以微弱优势击败了对手詹姆斯·布莱恩。四年后，尽管他在1888年的连任竞选中聚焦于经济政策问题（包括关税问题），但由于党内缺乏有效的管理和团结，他输给了共和党挑战者本杰明·哈里森，尽管他赢得了普选票。可知，克利夫兰竞选失败的原因是党内成员缺乏有效的治理和团结。故选D。5．段落大意题。根据第三段"Cleveland'sfailed1888reelectioncampaignagainstHarrison,forthereasonthatthecampaignwasincompetentlyrunonnearlyeveryfront,accordingtoTroySenik,presidentialhistorian,formerpresidentialspeechwriter.‘Hebegantheracewithoutacampaignmanager;delegatedmostoftheelectioneeringresponsibilitiestohisrunningmate,AllenThurman,who,attheageof74,wasnothealthyenoughtoresisttherigorsofcampaigning;andbasedtheentireracearoundhisproposaltoreducecustoms,whichdividedhisownDemocraticPartyandunifiedtheRepublicansinopposition,'Seniksays."根据总统历史学家、前总统演讲稿撰写人TroySenik的说法，克利夫兰在1888年与哈里森的连任竞选中失败，原因是这场竞选在几乎每一条战线上都运行得不称职。"他在没有竞选经理的情况下开始竞选；他将大部分竞选职责委托给了74岁的竞选伙伴AllenThurman，后者的健康状况已不足以抵御竞选活动的严酷；整个竞选都围绕着他减少关税的提议展开，这一提议分裂了他所在的民主党，却使反对他的共和党团结起来。"塞尼克说道。可知，本段主要介绍了克利夫兰1888年连任失败的原因。故选D。6．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的"Withtheeconomytakingcenterstageduringthecampaignandathird-partybidfromthenewlyformedPopulistPartyClevelandagainclaimedvictoryin1892"随着经济问题成为竞选的中心议题，以及新成立的民粹党以第三党身份参加竞选，克利夫兰在1892年再次取得胜利。可知，此次竞选，克利夫兰获胜了，推知"prevailingthepopularvote46percentto43percentoverHarrison"应是"以46%对43%的票数击败了哈里森"，可推知划线词prevailing是"赢得"之一，故选A。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段"‘oodrowWilsononcewroteofClevelandthathiscoursesofactionwereincalculabletothemerepolitician,simplybecausetheywerenotbasedoncalculation.Clevelandwasneverespeciallybeloved,buthewasrespected,'Seniksays,'thatwaspreciselybecausethepublicknewthathe'ddowhathethoughtwasrightratherthanwhathethoughtwaspoliticallyexpedient.'""WoodrowWilson曾这样评价克利夫兰，他的行动方针对于纯粹的政治家来说是无法估量的，因为这些方针没有经过深思熟虑。克利夫兰从来没有受到特别的爱戴，但他受到尊重，"塞尼克说，"这恰恰是因为公众知道他会做他认为正确的事，而不是他认为的政治权宜之计。"可知，由本段可推出克利夫兰受到人们的高度评价。故选B。【答案】8．C9．A10．C11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了餐饮行业的发展阶段及迈向智能餐饮4.0时代的相关情况，强调了人工智能在其中的作用，同时提出打造具有中国特色的智能餐饮4.0的建议，

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Fromthemanualoperationofthe1.0eratothewidespreadmechanizationofthe2.0era,andthentotheparallelstandardizationanddigitalizationofthe3.0era,thediningindustryissteppingintoabrandnewstage:SmartDining4.0."从1.0时代的手工操作到2.0时代的广泛机械化，再到3.0时代的标准化和数字化并行，餐饮业正迈入一个全新的阶段：智能餐饮4.0。可知，餐饮业第二个时代的特点是广泛机械化。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Imaginesteppingintoarestaurantwherethehustleandbustleoftakingordersisreplacedbywarmlightingandsoothingmusic."想象一下走进一家餐厅，点餐时的喧闹繁忙被温暖的灯光和舒缓的音乐所取代。可知，智能餐饮4.0的特点包括温馨的用餐环境和个性化的服务，而不包括点餐时的喧闹繁忙。可知"点餐的繁忙喧闹)"与原文不符。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"ItisadvisabletobuildaSmartDining4.0withChinesecharacteristics,whichcannotonlymeetourdesireforabetterlife,butalsohelpustoinheritandcarryforwardthesuperbtraditionalChinesefoodculture."建议构建具有中国特色的智能餐饮4.0，这不仅能满足我们对美好生活的向往，还能帮助我们继承和弘扬中华传统美食文化。可知，作者提出建立具有中国特色的智能餐饮4.0的建议，这是作者写最后一段的主要目的。故选C项。11．推理判断题。根据第一段"Thediningindustryisadvancingtowardgreaterdiversification,specializationandintelligencewiththedevelopmentofsocietyandapplicationofartificialintelligence."随着社会的发展和人工智能的应用，餐饮业正朝着更加多元化、专业化和智能化的方向发展；并结合通读全文可知，本文介绍了餐饮行业的发展和智能餐饮的特点，属于科技类话题。结合选项，最有可能在科学杂志上读到这篇文章。故选B。【答案】12．D13．A14．C15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项针对中国西北地区超10万人的研究，揭示了主食选择与肥胖风险之间的关联，并分析了可能的原因，同时指出还需进一步研究，

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。12．推理判断题。根据第三段"Theresultsshowthatricepreferencemaybeassociatedwithalowerrisk