专题14 动词时态语态2（过去时）（知识清单）（原卷版）-2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单

6/11专题14动词时态语态2（过去时）目录01知识脑图·学科框架速建02考点精析·知识能力全解【知能解读01】目录01知识脑图·学科框架速建02考点精析·知识能力全解【知能解读01】一般过去时典型用法【知能解读02】过去进行时典型用法03攻坚指南·高频考点突破【重难点突破01】过去完成时典型用法04避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗【易混易错01】过去将来时典型用法05通法提炼·高频思维拆解【用法拓展】如何区分谓语和非谓语01一般过去时典型用法一般过去时是英语中用于描述过去发生的动作、状态或存在的情况的时态。1.一般过去时表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语，如yesterday,lastweek,in2024。Thecompany

launched

anewproduct

lastyear.

公司去年推出了新产品。He

didn’tgo

toschool

yesterday

becausehewassick.

他昨天没去上学，因为生病了。2.一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often等频度副词连用。WhenIwasachild,I

oftenplayed

soccerinthestreet.

我小时候经常在街上踢足球。They

didn’talwaysagree

witheachotherwhentheyworkedtogether.

他们一起工作时，并不总是意见一致。3.Iwishthat…表示“我倒希望……”，从句与现在事实相反用一般过去时。IwishI

didn’thave

toworktoday.我倒希望今天不用上班。Iwishshe

had

morefreetime.我倒希望她有更多空闲时间。4.Itis(high)timethat…表示“早该……”，从句用一般过去时或shoulddo。It’shightimethegovernment

took

actiontoreducepollution.

政府早该采取行动减少污染了。Itistimethatschools

shouldteach

studentspracticallifeskills.

学校早该教学生实用的生活技能了。5.Iwouldratherthat…表示“我倒宁愿……”，与现在、将来事实相反均用一般过去时。Iwouldrather(that)I

didn’thave

somuchworknow.

我倒宁愿现在没这么多工作。Iwouldrather(that)it

weresunny

tomorrow.

我倒宁愿明天是晴天。6.Ifonly…表示“要是……该多好！”，从句与现在事实相反用一般过去时。Ifonlyhe

were

herewithmenow.（要是他现在和我在一起就好了。7.If虚拟条件句与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时。IfI

were

adoctor,Iwouldhelpmorepeople.

要是我是医生，我会帮助更多人。【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．He(withdraw)somemoneyfromthebankandthenwenthome.2．Whenweaskedheropinion,she(reply)thatshehadchangedhermind.3．Itisabouttimetouroperators(respect)thelawandtheirowncodeofconduct.4．Whenapencilispartlyputintowater,itlooksasifit(break).5．IfonlyI_________(know)herphonenumber!ThenIcouldcallherrightnow.02过去进行时典型用法1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，往往有明确时间状语at7:00lastnight。At7:00lastnight,I

waswatching

adocumentaryonTV.

昨晚7点，我正在看电视上的纪录片。2.过去进行时还表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作，伴随有时间状语thismorning,yesterday。While

I

wasstudying

inmyroom,mybrother

wasplaying

videogamesdownstairs.

我在房间学习时，弟弟在楼下玩电子游戏。3.go,come,leave等瞬间动词用于过去进行时表示将要发生动作。Thetrain

wasleaving

at6:00a.m.,sowehadtohurry.

火车原定早上6点出发，所以我们得加快。4.过去进行时与as,when,while等状语从句呼应，表示另一动作发生的背景。Whilethey

werewaiting

forthebus,it

started

raining.

他们等公交时，开始下雨了。Astheweather

wasgetting

colder,we

werepreparing

forwinter.

随着天气变冷，我们在为冬天做准备。5.频度副词如

always,forever,continually,constantly

与过去进行时连用时，通过重复的动作传递强烈的感情色彩，如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。Shewasalwayschanginghermind.她总是改变主意。Inthepasthewasconstantlyaskingmeformoney.过去他总是不停要钱。【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Themanwithhisdaughtersandsons(watch)TVatthismomentyesterday.2．Renner(work)togetthecaroutofthesnowwhenheaskedJohnforhelp.3．SimchaBlass(visit)afriendintheIsraelidesertinthe1930swhenhenoticedsomethingunusual.4．Unfortunately,wehadtoadmitourmoney(run)outinweeks.5．Jim(cook)inthekitchenwhenheheardaknockatthedoor.01过去完成时典型用法1.表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成，核心是“过去的过去”。By9o'clocklastnight,Ihadfinishedmyhomework.昨晚9点前，我已经做完作业了。Aftertheyhaddiscussedtheplanforhours,theyfinallymadeadecision.他们讨论了几个小时计划后，才最终做出决定。2.与before,until,when,than连用，表示在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。Therainhadstoppedbeforewestartedourhike.

我们开始徒步前，雨已经停了。WhenIcalledher,shehadalreadyleftfortheairport.

我给她打电话时，她已经出发去机场了。3.intend,mean,plan,want等动词过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。I

hadintendedtocall

youyesterday,butIgotstuckintraffic.

我昨天本来打算给你打电话，但堵车了。He

hadmeanttoapologize

forhiswords,buthedidn’thavethecourage.

他本来想为自己的话道歉，但没勇气。4.Itwasthefirsttimethat…句型that从句用过去完成时。Itwasthefirsttimethatshe

hadn’tfinished

herhomeworkontime.

那是她第一次没有按时完成作业。5.hardly…when…和nosooner…than…句型主句用过去完成时。Hardly

hadshefinished

herspeechwhentheaudience

burstinto

applause.

她刚结束演讲，观众就爆发出掌声。Nosooner

hadheopened

thedoorthanacat

rushed

out.

他刚打开门，一只猫就冲了出来。6.If虚拟条件句，Iwishthat…,Ifonly…,I’dratherthat…等从句表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。Ifthecompany

hadlaunched

theproductearlier,it

mighthaveearned

moreprofits.

如果公司早点推出产品，可能已经赚更多利润了。Ifonlywe

hadstarted

theprojectsooner.

要是我们早点启动项目就好了。I’dratheryou

hadtold

methenewsearlier.

我宁愿你早点告诉我这个消息。【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Helen(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.2．Bythetimemyhusbandreachedhomeyesterday,I(cook)thedinneralready.3．Inhisletter,hesaiditwasthethirdtimethathe(visit)Zhuhai.4．Ifmycar(be)morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.5．Heisinvolvedinthetroublenow.Ifonlyhe(listen)tohisparents!01过去将来时典型用法1.“should/would+动词原形”表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。I

thought

I

should/wouldfail

theexam,butIpassed.

我原以为会考试不及格，但我通过了。WhenIwasachild,myfather

wouldread

mestoriesbeforebed.

我小时候，父亲常常在睡前给我读故事。2.was/wereabouttodo…when…表示“正要……这时发生另一件事”。I

wasabouttoleave

thehouse

when

itstartedrainingheavily.

我正要出门，这时突然下起了大雨。He

wasabouttowin

therace

when

hetrippedandfell.

他眼看就要赢得比赛了，这时突然绊倒了。3.go,comeleave等动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。She

wasgoing

tothesupermarketwhenImetheryesterday.

昨天我遇见她时，她正要去超市。Thetrain

wasleaving

infiveminutes,sowerantotheplatform.

火车五分钟后就要开了，所以我们冲向站台。4.was/weretodo强调计划性，“将要做某事”。Thenewlaw

wastotakeeffect

onJanuary1stofthatyear.

新法律按计划于当年1月1日生效。Littledidheknowthatthisdecision

wastochange

hislifeforever.

他当时不知道，这个决定注定将永远改变他的人生。【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Itwashopedthathishealth__________(pick)upsoonwiththenewtreatment.2．Iwasabout__________(throw)everythingawaywhenmymothercamein.3．Whenhewas__________(pay)thebillintherestaurant,hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletinthecar.4．Youpromisedthatyou__________(take)careofeverythingwhileIwasaway,butlookatthemessnow!5．Asheproudlysignedhisnameatthebottomofthepage,Beethoventriedtoimaginehowpeople__________(respond)whentheyhearditforthefirsttime.如何区分谓语和非谓语理解：双无—一个句子无谓语，无连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。双有—一个句子有谓语，且有连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。有谓无连—一个句子有谓语，但是后边动词所在句子无连接词，考虑非谓语。解释：句子谓语三种类型：单谓语、双谓语（AandB）或三谓语（A,BandC）区分谓语和非谓语关键在于长难句分析：括号法-（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）示例：单谓语：Ordinarysoapcandealwithbacteriaeffectively.双谓语：Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesandrecommendedwonderfulplacestovisit.三谓语：OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,boughtsomebananasandvisitedhercousin.

谓语和非谓语实战训练：1.Theguide________(lead)theway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.2.Theguide________(lead)theway,sowehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.3.________(call)metomorrowandI’llletyouknowthelabresult.4.________(call)metomorrow,I’llletyouknowthelabresult.5.Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic,________(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.6.Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic,and______(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.7.There______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.8.There______nobusandwehadtowalkhome.9.Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,andallhisattention________(fix)onit.10.Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,allhisattention________(fix)onit.动词时态语态(动词时态语态(2)综合能力提升一、单项填空（高考真题）1.（2025北京卷）Makingchoicesispartoflife.Bythetimeyoubrushedyourteeth,you__________(make)severaldecisionsevenwithoutnoticing.2.(2024九省联考卷）Fountainpens__________(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.3.（2024新课标II卷）“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout__________(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.IhappentoknowthatTang’splayThePeonyPavilion(《牡丹亭》)issimilarinsomewaystoRomeoandJuliet.”4.（2024新课标II卷）Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,inspiredbyThePeonyPavilion,__________(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.5.（2024全国甲卷）They64(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.6.（2024浙江1月卷）However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes__________(offer)insmallerpacks.7.（2023新课标II卷）Asalittlegirl,I_________(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.8.（2023全国乙卷）Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I_________(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.9.（2023北京卷）SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I_________(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedupexactlyontime.10.（2023北京卷）Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest_________(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.11.（2022新课标I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat__________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.12.（2022新课标II卷）Henry_________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.13.（2021新课标I卷）Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit_________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.14.（2021全国甲卷）TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).15.（2021浙江卷）AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand_________(sell)mostoftheirfurniture.16.（2021新课标II卷）Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto_________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.17.（2021全国甲卷）We_________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.18.（2020新课标）The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,_________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumthatopenedin1759.19.（2020全国I卷）TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess_________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.20.（2020全国III卷）Theartistwassurehewould_________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.二、动词时态语态助力读后续写1.(2024课标I卷)令我欣慰的是，他第二天回了电话，我们约好很快见面。_________________________________________________________________________________2.(2024课标I卷)我又向他露出抱歉的微笑，恳求他延期付款。_________________________________________________________________________________3.(2024课标I卷)我坚定地和他握手，然后跳下车，疯狂地向公共汽车跑去，跳上了公共汽车。_________________________________________________________________________________4.(2024课标I卷)我告诉他，多亏了他的慷慨和及时的帮助，一切都很顺利。_________________________________________________________________________________5.(2024课标I卷)我还送给他一件我在布拉格买的很有吸引力的纪念品，他欣然接受了。_________________________________________________________________________________6.(2024浙江1月卷)老师注意到了她的努力，称赞了她的创新思维。_________________________________________________________________________________7.(2024浙江1月卷)她每走一步，都给那些追随她的人留下了灵感的遗产。_________________________________________________________________________________8.(2023课标I卷)当我被邀请上台领奖时，我对我的老师表示感谢。_________________________________________________________________________________9.(2023课标I卷)颁奖典礼结束后，我去了老师的办公室。我的老师在等我。_________________________________________________________________________________10.(2023浙江1月卷)当我爬上车开车离开时，我知道我会永远珍惜我们共同的回忆。_________________________________________________________________________________三、过去时态与语法填空（2025高二·全国·专题练习）阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheChinaRailwayExpress,1majorinternationalfreight(货运)trainservice,runsacrossChina,Europe,andBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)partnercountries,offeringnew2(possibility)forcooperativeandsustainabletrade.3(praise)bytheinternationalcommunity,thetransportationservice,4notonlyregeneratestheprosperityoftheancientSilkRoadbutalsoenhancespeople’slivelihoods,servesasavitalpublicgood5(promote)win-wincooperationandeconomicvitalityacrossEurasiaandbeyond.Afteradecadeofgroundbreakingandinnovativeefforts,theremarkableBRIproject,whichconnects120citiesinChina6219citiesacross25Europeancountries,7(complete)over85,000tripsbytheendofFebruary,2024,accordingtoChinaRailwayGroupLimited(CREC).IntheJanuary-Februaryperiodof2024,8(near)3,000tripswereregisteredbetweenthecontinentsasCRECopenednewrouteslinkingXi'an,ChongqingandYiwuinChinatoTbilisiinGeorgia,BakuinAzerbaijanandIstanbulinTürkiye,dispatching(发送)atotalof18trainsalongtheroutes.Thefreighttrainserviceaccomplishedatotalof2,928tripstodeliver317,000containersofgoodsinthefirsttwomonthsof