英语课件话题十九 科普知识与现代技术

第一部分

话题培优话题十九

科普知识与现代技术重难点突破表达能力提升核心素养培优

科普知识与现代技术（Popular

science

and

modern

technology）下的子话题分别为数字与数据（Figures

and

data）、科普知识（Popular

science）、发明与技术（Inventions

and

technological

advances）、信息技术（Information

technology）。想要掌握并熟练表述有关科普知识与现代技术的内容，需要掌握以下知识点。重难点突破011.辨析

be

made

of,

be

made

from

与

be

made

up

of【观察】①

The

table

over

there

is

made

of

wood.②

Paper

we

are

using

now

is

made

from

trees.③

This

machine

is

made

up

of

three

different

parts.【探究】be

made

of意为“由……制成”，指用肉眼就能判断出原材料；be

made

from意为“由……制成”，指用肉眼无法判断出原材料；be

made

up

of意为“由……组成或构成”。【运用】用

be

made

of，be

made

from或be

made

up

of的适当形式填空。（1）那座古老的桥是由石头制成的。The

old

bridge

_______________

stone.is/was

made

of（2）这个班由五十六名学生组成。The

class

______________

fifty-six

students.is

made

up

of（3）这种饮料是由苹果制成的。This

kind

of

drink

_____________

apples.is

made

from2.辨析such

as与

for

example【观察】①

Finally,

materials

such

as

wood

or

paper

are

added

to

make

different

things.②

For

example,

they

may

take

notes

by

writing

down

key

words

or

by

drawing

mind

maps.【探究】such

as和for

example都有“例如”的意思，但用法不尽相同。（1）such

as常用来列举同类人或事物中的多个例子，且其后面不可有逗号，后面只能接名词或名词性短语。（2）for

example

一般指以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，在句中做插入语，用逗号与前后句子隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末，for

example后可接完整的句子。【运用】用for

example或such

as填空。（1）He

has

been

to

many

countries,

________

America,

Japan

and

Germany.（2）You

can

buy

fruit

here

—

oranges,____________.（3）English

is

spoken

in

many

countries,________Australia

and

Canada.（4）Ball

games,____________,

have

spread

around

the

world.such

asfor

examplesuch

asfor

example3.辨析agree

with,

agree

to与agree

on【观察】①He

doesn't

agree

with

me.②Do

you

think

he'll

agree

to

their

advice?③We

agree

on

handing

in

the

homework

by

6

p.m.【探究】短语用法agree

withagree

with+sb./one's

opinion/decision/what

sb.

said同意某人/某人的意见或决定/某人所说的agree

toagree

to+sth.赞同某一计划或建议agree

onagree

on

（doing）

sth.在（做）某事上意见一致。agree

on

doing

sth.=agree

to

do

sth.【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。（1）我们完全赞同这个计划并承诺会和你们组密切合作。We

fully

_________

the

plan

and

promise

to

cooperate

closely

with

your

group.agree

to（2）考虑一下，告诉我你是否在这个问题上同意我的看法。Think

it

over

and

tell

me

whether

you

___________

me

or

not

on

this

matter.agree

with表达能力提升02Ⅰ.补全对话

（2022·衡阳中考改编）根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。（Kangkang

met

Michael

at

the

airport.）K:

Long

time

no

see,

Michael.

Did

you

have

a

good

time

in

your

hometown?M:

1.__________.

I

visited

many

good

friends

there.

But

I'm

sorry

I

missed

your

birthday

party

on

April

16th.Yes,

I

didK:

2._____________________________________________.

I

had

a

meaningful

birthday,

because

on

that

day,

Shenzhou-13

carrying

three

astronauts

landed

safely.M:

Wow,

how

exciting!

3._____________?K:

They

are

Zhai

Zhigang,

Wang

Yaping

and

Ye

Guangfu.M:

4.______________________________?K:

They

stayed

in

space

for

183

days.Never

mind/It

doesn't

matter/Not

at

all/It's

nothingWho

are

theyHow

long

did

they

stay

in

spaceM:

5.______________________?K:

They

did

lots

of

research

there.

They

also

had

space-based

lectures.

By

the

way,

Shenzhou-14

was

launched

at

10:44

a.m.

on

June

5th.M:

Amazing!

They're

heroes!K:

You're

right.

We

Chinese

are

so

proud

of

them!What

did

they

do

thereⅡ.书面表达

人工智能（AI）的迅速崛起无疑是新世纪以来最为重要的科技事件，而我们的生活也将因为人工智能的成熟应用迎来巨大改变。假如你是李华，你校将于周六上午十点使用视频会议举办一场介绍人工智能的线上讲座（online

lecture）。你打算邀请你校英国留学生Tom一起参加。请用英语给Tom写一封邮件，邀请他参加线上讲座。

提示语：helpful,

convenient,

introduce,

examples,

apply…to…,

questions

提示：1.

What

time

will

the

online

lecture

start?

2.What

will

the

speaker

talk

about?

3.What

will

you

need

to

prepare?

要求：1.

语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；

2.参考提示内容，可适当发挥；

3.词数：不少于70。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。）Dear

Tom,

I'm

writing

to

invite

you

to

attend

an

online

lecture

about

AI

technology.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

It

will

start

at

10

o'clock

on

Saturday

morning.

During

the

lecture,

the

speaker

will

introduce

what

AI

is.

Then,

he

will

tell

us

how

to

use

it

in

our

daily

life

since

it

is

helpful

and

convenient.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hope

you

will

be

online

on

time

and

enjoy

it.

If

there

is

anything

more

that

you

want

to

know,

please

tell

me.Yours,Li

Hua

To

attend

the

online

lecture,

you

need

to

get

your

computer

or

your

phone

ready.

And

please

make

sure

you

can

get

online.

It

is

a

good

idea

to

prepare

a

notebook

because

you

will

need

to

take

down

some

examples

and

answer

some

questions.

We

can

apply

AI

to

our

daily

life.核心素养培优03Ⅰ.完形填空

（2022

·温州中考改编）阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。

Matt

loved

science,

and

he

wanted

to

be

the

Science

Star

of

the

week.

Now

he

was

presenting

his

experiment

in

Mrs.

Perry's

class.

“Let

me

show

you

how

to

keep

an

egg

in

the

middle

of

the

glass.”

Matt

dropped

an

egg

into

salt

water.

But

it

fell

to

the

bottom.

“Look,

Matt's

blushing!”

Coco

shouted.

Matt,

covered

.

.1.

.

red

face

with

hands.

That

evening

he

.

.2.

.

The

Book

of

Wonderful

Science

Experiments.

When

it

came

to

the

last

page,

he

smiled.

“This

is

the

right

experiment

for

me!

It's

impossible

to

fail

this

time.”

The

next

day

in

front

of

his

class,

Matt

spread

small

pieces

of

paper

onto

the

desk

and

rubbed

a

spoon

with

cloth.

“The

spoon

will

lift

up

the

paper.”

He

raised

the

spoon,

but

.

.3.

.

happened.

The

paper

lay

still.

“Matt's

blushing

again!”

Emily

pointed

out.

Matt

was

.

.4.

.

and

ran

back

to

his

seat

with

his

red

face.

“Becoming

the

Science

Star

seems

so

.

.5.

.,”

Matt

thought.

That

night

he

couldn't

sleep.

“I

have

to

make

it,

but

the

only

thing

I

could

do

right

was

blushing.”

…

Suddenly,

a

plan

came

to

his

mind.

The

following

morning,

Matt

appeared

before

the

class

again,

.

.6.

.

his

Mickey

Mouse

ears.

“Mouse

ears

on

the

head

are

your

.

.7.

.?”

Someone

laughed

and

Matt's

face

burned.

“No,

watch

my

.

.8.

.!

Blushing

is

my

experiment,”

Matt

answered.

Everyone

quieted

down.

Matt

continued,

“When

you

feel

stressed,

your

blood

vessels

in

the

face

open

wide

and

fill

the

skin

with

blood,

so

you

blush.”

He

showed

a

picture

of

blood

vessels.

“I've

tried

many

times

to

control

blushing,

but

now

I

know

it's

a

normal

part

of

being

human.

So

the

best

thing

to

do

is

to

.

.9.

.

it.”

The

class

cheered

and

Matt's

red

face

lit

up

the

whole

classroom.

“Matt

is

the

Science

Star

of

the

week,”

Mrs.

Perry

announced.

Matt

walked

.

.10.

.

back

to

his

seat.

What

a

perfect

day!1.(

)

A.my

B.your

C.his

D.herC2.(

)

A.handed

in

B.looked

throughC.waited

for

D.put

awayB3.(

)

A.something

B.anything

C.everything

D.nothingD4.(

)

A.happy

B.nervous

C.calm

D.boredB5.(

)

A.difficult

B.common

C.natural

D.safeA6.(

)

A.passing

B.throwing

C.wearing

D.repairingC7.(

)

A.play

B.song

C.painting

D.experimentD8.(

)

A.hands

B.face

C.teeth

D.backB9.(

)

A.finish

B.change

C.hide

D.acceptD10.(

)

A.secretly

B.strangely

C.proudly

D.worriedlyCⅡ.阅读理解第一节：阅读下面两篇短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题的一个最佳答案。（A）（2023·广州中考）

Computer

scientist

Mary

has

an

idea

for

a

new

robot

to

help

her

work

with

children.

How

should

it

look?

The

robot

should

have

arms

to

be

able

to

lift

things.

And

if

it

is

going

to

communicate

with

people,

it

will

also

need

a

face.

Scientists

believe

that

giving

a

robot

a

face

can

make

it

seem

more

friendly.

Humans

would

also

like

to

pay

more

attention

to

robots

with

faces.

But

what

kind?

For

Mary,

she

wants

to

make

sure

that

her

new

robot

doesn't

look

too

much

like

a

human.

She

wants

people

to

just

treat

it

as

a

machine-person.

If

it

looks

more

like

a

human

than

a

machine,

she

thinks

users

might

find

it

a

bit

creepy

and

feel

afraid.

Mary

also

believes

that

robot

faces

don't

need

to

look

a

lot

like

ours.

Her

research

shows

that

we

can

enjoy

communicating

with

robots

whether

or

not

they

look

like

humans,

because

our

brains

are

able

to

look

for

faces.

Just

put

two

circles

on

top

of

a

robot's

body,

and

we

will

see

a

face.

Dave

feels

differently.

He

believes

that

although

at

first

we

might

be

afraid

when

seeing

a

robot

with

a

lifelike

face,

we

may

soon

get

used

to

it.

If

robots

are

going

to

work

closely

with

humans,

they

should

look

as

much

like

us

as

possible.

After

all,

faces

are

an

important

part

of

the

way

we

communicate.

To

make

his

robots

look

as

much

like

real

people

as

possible,

Dave

invented

a

special

skin

for

their

faces.

With

this

skin,

robots

can

show

human-like

expressions

and

appear

to

be

angry,

sad,

happy

or

surprised.

Dave's

robots

are

also

programmed

to

copy

expressions.

How?

Just

imagine

his

robot

is

looking

at

you.

The

cameras

in

its

eyes

send

pictures

of

your

face

to

its

central

computer!1.Why

do

scientists

think

a

robot

needs

a

face?(

)

DA.It

will

become

more

beautiful.B.It

can

do

better

in

lifting

things.C.It

will

pay

more

attention

to

children.D.It

can

better

communicate

with

people.2.What

does

the

underlined

word

“creepy”

mean

in

Paragraph

2?(

)

AA.Uncomfortable

to

look

at.

B.Impossible

to

touch.C.Boring

to

talk

to.

D.Difficult

to

understand.3.Which

of

the

following

would

Dave

most

probably

agree

with?(

)

DA.People

should

treat

robots

as

humans.B.Robots

need

to

express

their

own

feelings.C.Robots

shouldn't

look

too

much

like

humans.D.People

can

easily

accept

robots

with

a

human

face.4.What

is

the

purpose

of

the

passage?(

)

A.To

explain

the

reasons

why

robots

should

have

faces.B.To

suggest

what

humans

can

do

with

robots

with

faces.C.To

share

ideas

on

what

kind

of

faces

robots

should

have.D.To

show

how

scientists

invent

robots

with

different

faces.C（B）（2023·烟台中考）

AI

can

help

teenagers

and

students

learn

in

several

ways.

Personalized

learning:

AI

can

know

better

about

students,

including

their

advantages,

weaknesses,

skills,

learning

favorites,

learning

needs,

and

so

on.

Then

it

can

create

a

proper

learning

plan

for

each

student.

This

can

help

students

concentrate

on

areas

that

they

need

to

improve

at

their

own

speed.

Interactive

（交互的）

learning:

AI

has

the

ability

to

make

learning

more

interactive

and

interesting.

Things

like

interactive

learning

apps

and

educational

games

can

make

subject

learning

more

interesting.

What's

more,

they

can

make

students

interested

in

a

subject

at

once.

This

kind

of

active

learning

is

sure

to

be

more

helpful

than

studying

alone.

Automated

（自动的）

advice

and

help:

AI

can

provide

automated

advice

and

answers

to

questions.

It

can

examine

students'

work

and

provide

personalized

help.

For

example,

ChatGPT

can

answer

students'

questions

quickly

in

a

private,

low-pressure

way.

This

kind

of

advice

and

answers

can

help

students

better

understand

knowledge

and

use

their

knowledge.

Greater

resources

（资源）:

AI

can

make

many

of

the

students'

learning

resources

richer

and

wider,

like

electronic

textbooks,

online

courses,

and

study

apps.

For

example,

a

biology

textbook

with

AI

technology

may

provide

interactive

3D

models

of

a

human

body

that

students

can

study

more

carefully.

AI

can

provide

interactive

examples,

introduce

important

passages,

and

offer

assessments（评价）.

In

a

word,

AI

has

a

great

ability

to

improve

studying

and

learning.

By

using

AI,

students

can

study

smarter

and

reach

higher

levels

of

learning

and

success.

The

future

of

AI

in

education

is

hopeful

as

technologies

continue

to

develop.1.What

can

AI

do

by

knowing

better

about

students?(

)

DA.Get

more

learning

experiences.B.Find

out

students'

learning

speed.C.Know

more

about

learning

favorites.D.Offer

proper

personal

learning

plans.2.How

might

students

feel

about

educational

games?(

)

BA.Traditional.

B.Interesting.

C.Difficult.

D.Knowledgeable.3.Why

does

the

writer

give

an

example

of

a

biology

textbook

in

Paragraph

5?(

)

DA.To

show

biology

is

easy

to

learn.B.To

describe

something

more

about

3D.C.To

introduce

a

way

of

assessment.D.To

show

AI

can

provide

rich

resources.4.What's

the

best

title

for

this

passage?(

)

AA.AI—A

Smart

Help

for

Learning

B.AI

Needs

New

TechnologiesC.AI

Is

Much

Better

Than

A

Teacher

D.AI—Hopeful

or

Hopeless第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（C）（2023·陕西中考）Farmyard

robots

can

cut

down

chemical

pollution.

1.___?

Many

of

them

use

chemicals

to

kill

weeds.

The

trouble

is,

these

weedkillers

also

kill

wildlife,

pollute

rivers

and

are

bad

for

the

fields.

2.___.

This

kind

of

robot

can

cut

weedkiller

use

by

90%.

The

robot

is

really

smart

because

it

only

kills

weeds

but

not

crops

（庄稼）.GA

3.___

Several

cameras

are

built

into

the

robot.

The

cameras

facing

the

ground

take

photos

to

help

the

robot

“see”

the

plants

it

passes.

The

robot

compares

each

photo

to

a

library

of

plant

photos

to

decide

on

which

plants

are

weeds.

Robot

arms

move

into

position

to

give

a

small

dose

（剂量）

of

weedkiller

on

the

weeds.

The

robot

is

energy-friendly.

4.___.EB

How

the

robot

will

develop

The

scientists

do

not

want

to

just

stop

at

the

achievement

they

have

made.

5.___.

The

improved

model

of

robots

will

exactly

discover

weeds

and

dig

them

out

instead

of

weedkillers.

Robots

could

be

programmed

to

leave

some

harmless

weeds

in

the

fields

to

support

wildlife

living

there.DA.

But

scientists

have

created

a

farmyard

robotB.

It

is

powered

by

the

energy

from

the

sunC.

Where

the

robot

is

usedD.

They're

working

on

the

new

designs

to

improve

the

modelE.

How

the

robot

worksF.

Why

do

farmers

choose

the

robot

to

work

in

their

fieldsG.

How

do

farmers

usually

kill

weeds（杂草）

in

the

fieldsⅢ.完成句子：根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。1.最近一系列新政策推动了新能源汽车的使用。A

series

of

new

policies

have

pushed

for

__________new

energy

cars

recently.the

use

of2.（2023·凉山中考改编）有很多方法来保持健康。比如，我们可以多做运动，少吃垃圾食品。There

are

a

lot

of

ways

to

keep

healthy.

____________,

we

can

do

more

exercise

and

eat

less

junk

food.For

example3.许多人赞同政府的预测——经济将会改善。Many

people

______

with

the

government's

prediction

that

the

economy

will

improve.agree4.这些管子应该是用塑料制作的。The

pipes

should____________

plastic.be

made

of5.任何颜色的颜料都可以用原色制成。Any

color

of

paint

can

______________

the

primary

colors.be

made

fromⅣ.短文填空

（2023·成都中考改编）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）actual,

advantage,

child,

difficult,

tell,

difference,

silence,

however,

many,

possible

Do

you

believe

a

rose

plant

says

“I

want

some

water”

or

a

tree

shouts

“My

arms

hurt”?

Maybe

you

will

say

this

could

only

happen

in

some

1._________

stories.children's

In

fact,

plants

are

not

always

2.______.

A

recent

study

has

found

plants

shout

when

they

are

in

need

of

water

or

having

their

stems

cut.

“Even

in

a

quiet

field,

there

are

3.________

some

sounds

that

carry

information.

4._________,

the

pitch

（音高）

is

too

high

for

people

to

hear,”

said

Lilach

Hadany,

a

professor

from

Tel

Aviv

University.

The

researchers

used

microphones

to

record

some

tomato

plants

and

found

that

stressed

plants

send

out

5.______

sounds

than

unstressed

plants.

“When

tomatoes

are

not

stressed

at

all,

they

are

very

quiet,”

Professor

Hadany

said.

They

also

trained

a

machine

in

6._______

the

silentactuallyHowevermoretellingdifferences

between

thirsty

plants

and

cut

plants.

The

result

shows

that

when

the

causes

of

stress

change,

they

shout

7.__________.

After

the

team

recorded

many

kinds

of

other

plants,

they

found

that

many

plants

like

corn,

wheat

and

grape

plants

send

out

sounds

when

they

are

under

stress,

too.

“There

is

a

8.__________

that

a

lot

of

communication

is

happening,”

Professor

Hadany

said.

“Because

other

plants

can

probably

hear

the

call

of

the

stressed

plants.”differentlypossibility

Sound

recordings

of

plants

could

bring

humans

lots

of

9.___________,

especially

in

farming.

For

example,

people

will

make

sure

whether

corn

is

getting

enough

water

or

where

water

is

needed

most

without

much

10._________.advantagesdifficultyⅤ.任务型阅读

（2023·衡阳中考改编）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。

The

Dolphin

1

is

a

kind

of

intelligent

water

rescue

（救援）

robot.

It

is

independently

developed

by

Yunzhou

Technology,

a

company

from

Guangdong

Province.

The

rescue

robot

became