人教英语话题二十二 科普知识与现代技术

第一部分

话题培优话题二十二

科普知识与现代技术重难点突破表达能力提升核心素养培优

科普知识与现代技术（Popular

science

and

modern

technology）属于《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》话题项目表中第二十二个话题，二级子话题分别为数字与数据（Figures

and

data）、科普知识（Popular

science）、发明与技术（Inventions

and

technological

advances）、信息技术（Information

technology）。想要掌握并熟练表述有关科普知识与现代技术的内容，需要掌握以下知识点。重难点突破011.

辨析

be

made

of,

be

made

from

与

be

made

up

of

【观察】①

The

table

over

there

is

made

of

wood.

②

Paper

we

are

using

now

is

made

from

trees.

③

This

machine

is

made

up

of

three

different

parts.

【探究】be

made

of意为“由……制成”，指用肉眼就能判断出原材料；be

made

from意为“由……制成”，指用肉眼无法判断出原材料；be

made

up

of意为“由……组成或构成”。【运用】用

be

made

of，be

made

from或be

made

up

of的适当形式填空。（1）那座旧桥是由石头制成的。

The

old

bridge_______________

stone.is/was

made

of（2）这个班由五十六名学生组成。

The

class______________

fifty-six

students.is

made

up

of（3）这种饮料是由苹果制成的。

This

kind

of

drink_____________

apples.is

made

from2.

辨析such

as与

for

example

【观察】①

Finally,

materials

such

as

wood

or

paper

are

added

to

make

different

things.

②

For

example,

they

may

take

notes

by

writing

down

key

words

or

by

drawing

mind

maps.

【探究】such

as和for

example都有“例如”的意思，但用法不尽相同。

（1）such

as常用来列举同类人或事物中的多个例子，且其后面不可有逗号，后面只能接名词或名词性短语。

（2）for

example

一般指以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，在句中做插入语，用逗号与前后句子隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末，for

example后可接完整的句子。【运用】用for

example或such

as填空。（1）He

has

been

to

many

countries,________

America,

Japan

and

Germany.such

as（2）You

can

buy

fruit

here

—

oranges,____________.for

example（3）English

is

spoken

in

many

countries,________

Australia

and

Canada.such

as（4）Ball

games,____________,

have

spread

around

the

world.for

example3.

辨析agree

with,

agree

to与agree

on

【观察】①He

doesn’t

agree

with

me.

②Do

you

think

he’ll

agree

to

their

advice?

③We

agree

on

handing

in

the

homework

by

6

p.m.

【探究】短语用法agree

withagree

with＋sb./one’s

opinion/decision/what

sb.

said同意某人/某人的意见或决定/某人所说的agree

toagree

to＋sth.赞同某一计划或建议agree

onagree

on

（doing）

sth.在（做）某事上意见一致。agree

on

doing

sth.=agree

to

do

sth.【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。（1）我们完全赞同这个计划并承诺会和你们组密切合作。

We

fully_________

the

plan

and

promise

to

cooperate

closely

with

your

group.agree

to（2）考虑一下，告诉我你是否在这个问题上同意我的看法。

Think

it

over

and

tell

me

whether

you___________

me

or

not

on

this

matter.agree

with表达能力提升02Ⅰ.补全对话

（2022·衡阳中考）根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。

（Kangkang

met

Michael

at

the

airport.）

K:

Long

time

no

see,

Michael.

Did

you

have

a

good

time

in

your

hometown?

M:1.__________.

I

visited

many

good

friends

there.

But

I’m

sorry

I

missed

your

birthday

party

on

April

16th.Yes,

I

did

K:2.______________________________________________.

I

had

a

meaningful

birthday.

Because

on

that

day,

Shenzhou-13

carrying

three

astronauts

landed

safely.

M:

Wow,

how

exciting!

3._____________?

K:

They

are

Zhai

Zhigang,

Wang

Yaping

and

Ye

Guangfu.

M:4.________________________________?

K:

They

have

been

in

space

for

183

days.

M:

5.______________________?

Never

mind/It

doesn’t

matter/Not

at

all/It’s

nothingWho

are

theyHow

long

have

they

been

in

spaceWhat

did

they

do

there

K:

They

did

lots

of

research

there.

They

also

had

space-based

lectures.

By

the

way,

Shenzhou-14

was

launched

at

10:44

a.m.

on

June

5th.

M:

Amazing!

They’re

heroes!

K:

You’re

right.

We

Chinese

are

so

proud

of

them!Ⅱ.书面表达

（2021·深圳中考）深圳是一座科技之城、创新之城,

为培养学生对科技的兴趣,

你的学校上周举办了科技节。假定你是你校英语报的小记者,

请你编写一篇新闻报道,

介绍这次活动。

要点：1.活动目的。

2.活动项目：

①

模型制作比赛；②

科学实验操作。

3.

活动亮点：学生发明的服务于校园的机器人（外表,

功能）。

4.

学生感受。

提示词：1.

科技节science

festival

2.实验experiment

要求：1.

语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；

2.词数：不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。）

Shenzhen

is

well-known

as

a

city

of

technology

and

innovation.

Last

week,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________our

school

held

a

science

festival,

which

aims

to

develop

students’

interest

in

science

and

technology

and

broaden

their

horizons.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

At

the

festival,

some

students

took

an

active

part

in

the

model-making

competition.

Many

of

their

robots,

which

were

the

highlight

of

the

festival,

drew

people’s

attention.

These

robots

were

in

the

shape

of

lovely

animals,

such

as

rabbits,

monkeys

and

dogs.

They

were

doing

some

simple

tasks

like

sweeping

the

floor

and

throwing

away

rubbish.

Besides,

some

other

students

carried

out

science

experiments.

The

students

present

at

the

festival

were

all

surprised

at

the

exhibits

and

gave

them

a

big

around

of

applause.

Our

school

hopes

that

more

and

more

students

can

learn

science

and

technology

better

to

serve

our

school.核心素养培优03Ⅰ.完形填空

（2022

·温州中考改编）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。

Matt

loved

science,

and

he

wanted

to

be

the

Science

Star

of

the

week.

Now

he

was

presenting

his

experiment

in

Mrs.

Perry’s

class.

“Let

me

show

you

how

to

keep

an

egg

in

the

middle

of

the

glass.”

Matt

dropped

an

egg

into

salt

water.

But

it

fell

to

the

bottom.

“Look,

Matt’s

blushing!”

Coco

shouted.

Matt,

covered

.

.1.

.

red

face

with

hands.

That

evening

he

.

.2.

.

The

Book

of

Wonderful

Science

Experiments.

When

it

came

to

the

last

page,

he

smiled.

“This

is

the

right

experiment

for

me!

It’s

impossible

to

fail

this

time.”

The

next

day

in

front

of

his

class,

Matt

spread

small

pieces

of

paper

onto

the

desk

and

rubbed

a

spoon

with

cloth.

“The

spoon

will

lift

up

the

paper.”

He

raised

the

spoon,

but

.

.3.

.

happened.

The

paper

lay

still.

“Matt’s

blushing

again!”

Emily

pointed

out.

Matt

was

.

.4.

.

and

ran

back

to

his

seat

with

his

red

face.

“Becoming

the

Science

Star

seems

so

.

.5.

.,”

Matt

thought.

That

night

he

couldn’t

sleep.

“I

have

to

make

it,

but

the

only

thing

I

could

do

right

was

blushing.”

…

Suddenly,

a

plan

came

to

his

mind.

The

following

morning,

Matt

appeared

before

the

class

again,

.

.6.

.

his

Mickey

Mouse

ears.

“Mouse

ears

on

the

head

are

your

.

.7.

.?”

Someone

laughed

and

Matt’s

face

burned.

“No,

watch

my

.

.8.

.!

Blushing

is

my

experiment,”

Matt

answered.

Everyone

quieted

down.

Matt

continued,

“When

you

feel

stressed,

your

blood

vessels

in

the

face

open

wide

and

fill

the

skin

with

blood,

so

you

blush.”

He

showed

a

picture

of

blood

vessels.

“I’ve

tried

many

times

to

control

blushing,

but

now

I

know

it’s

a

normal

part

of

being

human.

So

the

best

thing

to

dois

to

.

.9.

.

it.”

The

class

cheered

and

Matt’s

red

face

lit

up

the

whole

classroom.

“Matt

is

the

Science

Star

of

the

week,”

Mrs.

Perry

announced.

Matt

walked

.

.10.

.

back

to

his

seat.

What

a

perfect

day!1.(

)A.my

B.your

C.his

D.herC2.(

)A.handed

in

B.looked

through

C.waited

for

D.put

awayB3.(

)A.something

B.anything

C.everything

D.nothingD4.(

)A.happy

B.nervous

C.calm

D.boredB5.(

)A.difficult

B.common

C.natural

D.safeA6.(

)A.passing

B.throwing

C.wearing

D.repairingC7.(

)A.play

B.song

C.painting

D.experimentD8.(

)A.hands

B.face

C.teeth

D.backB9.(

)A.finish

B.change

C.hide

D.acceptD10.(

)A.secretly

B.strangely

C.proudly

D.worriedlyCⅡ.阅读理解（2022·宜昌中考）第一节：阅读下面短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题的一个最佳答案。

The

brush

pen,

one

of

the

“Four

Treasures

of

the

Study”,

was

invented

thousands

of

years

ago.

However,

the

oldest

pen

was

just

a

stick

or

a

piece

of

bamboo.

It

was

difficult

for

people

to

write

well

on

thin

silk.

It

is

said

that

Meng

Tian,

a

general

of

the

Kingdom（王国）

Qin,

improved

the

pen.

When

Meng

was

leading

an

army

to

fight

against

the

Kingdom

of

Chu,

he

had

to

report

the

situation

to

his

king

in

time.

But

his

pen

was

too

hard

and

caused

him

much

trouble,

so

he

was

thinking

of

ways

to

improve

it.

One

day

after

hunting（狩猎）,

Meng

made

his

way

home

with

some

wild

rabbits

on

the

horse

back.

Fat

and

heavy,

one

rabbit’s

tail

left

a

long

trail

（痕迹）

on

the

ground

when

they

moved

on.

Suddenly

agood

idea

came

to

his

mind

when

he

saw

it,

“If

I

tie

the

rabbit’s

hair

to

a

stick,

would

it

be

easy

to

write

with?”

On

arriving

home,

he

tied

the

rabbit’s

hair

to

a

stick

and

tried

writing

with

it.

But

the

rabbit’s

hair

was

too

smooth

to

write

well

and

wasted

a

lot

of

silk.

Meng

was

so

disappointed

that

he

threw

away

his

“invention”

into

a

stone

hole

in

the

yard.

However,

Meng

never

gave

up

and

kept

trying

all

the

time.

A

few

rainy

days

later,

he

happened

to

find

his

“invention”

fatter

in

a

stonehole.

He

picked

it

up

with

hope.

The

brush

worked

beautifully

on

silk.

It

turned

out

that

the

special

water

had

cleaned

the

oil

from

the

hair.

Meng

succeeded

at

last.

Thanks

to

Meng,

the

brush

pen

is

playing

a

key

role

in

Chinese

culture.

Today,

students

are

taught

to

use

the

brush

pens

in

school.

It

makes

their

life

more

colorful

and

helps

them

better

understand

Chinese

culture.1.Why

did

Meng

Tian

want

to

improve

the

pen?(

)DA.Because

the

king

asked

him

to

do

so.B.Because

he

wanted

to

be

an

inventor.C.Because

he

didn’t

have

silk

to

write

on.D.Because

the

pen

brought

him

much

trouble.2.When

did

Meng

think

of

the

good

idea

in

Paragraph

3?(

)BA.Before

hunting

animals.

B.When

he

saw

the

trail.C.During

cleaning

the

hair.

D.After

he

wrote

a

report.3.Which

is

the

right

order

of

improving

the

brush

pen?(

)

a.

The

brush

pen

could

write

well.

b.

Meng

tied

the

rabbit’s

hair

to

a

stick.

c.

The

special

water

washed

the

oil

away.

d.

Meng

dropped

the

stick

into

a

stone

hole.CA.b-d-a-c

B.d-b-a-c

C.b-d-c-a

D.c-d-b-a4.How

can

the

students

understand

Chinese

culture

better?(

)AA.By

learning

to

use

brush

pens.

B.By

playing

a

role.C.By

planting

more

bamboo.

D.By

inventing

things.5.What

can

we

learn

from

the

passage?(

)CA.Make

friends

with

animals.

B.Value

fantastic

memories.C.Keep

trying

and

never

give

up.

D.Build

a

peaceful

world.（2021·南充中考改编）第二节：根据短文内容,

从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Many

of

us

have

had

the

same

“pleasant

surprise”.

After

you

mark

a

song

as

a

favorite

on

a

music

app（程序）,

it

suggests

songs

of

the

same

kind

to

listen

to.

1.

___

Big

data（数据）is

a

lot

of

sets

of

information

that

are

put

together

so

they

can

be

used

by

a

computer

program.

It

can

have

different

kinds

of

information

from

many

sources（来源）,

such

as

information

that

Fcomes

from

schools,

social

media

sites,

companies,

and

governments.

2.

___

Another

set

can

have

what

they

like,

where

they

go

to

school,

and

how

much

time

they

spend

on

the

computer.3.

___

The

government

uses

it

to

understand

how

many

people

travel

on

buses

or

trains.

The

information

is

then

used

to

make

bus

or

train

systems

better.

Companies

use

big

data,

too.

It

helps

them

understand

who

buys

their

products.

For

example,

one

company

uses

weather

data

to

see

when

people

eat

the

most

ice-cream.

EA

Big

data

can

be

used

for

good

reasons.

Some

hospitals

use

big

data

to

predict

if

a

baby

who

is

born

too

early

will

get

sick.

The

hospital

can

then

take

extra

steps

to

take

care

of

that

baby

so

he

or

she

does

not

get

sick.

4.___

It

can

be

used

to

predict

which

kinds

of

people

are

likely

to

break

the

law

or

hurt

others,

even

if

they

have

not

done

anything

wrong.

5.

___It

is

because

the

computer

programs

used

to

look

at

big

data

and

understand

it

are

written

by

people.

People

think

a

certain

way.

Because

they

think

a

certain

way,

they

build

a

model

of

those

ideas.

CDThese

ideas

are

then

used

to

look

at

the

data.

Sometimes,

these

ideas

are

helpful

for

people

or

businesses.

Other

times,

bad

ideas

can

cause

problems

for

certain

groups

of

people.A.Big

data

can

be

used

in

many

ways.B.Why

do

we

use

big

data

for

bad

things?C.Big

data

can

also

be

used

for

bad

reasons.D.How

can

big

data

be

used

for

good

and

bad

things?E.

One

set

of

data

can

have

people’s

names

and

addresses.F.

In

fact,

this

magic,

mind-reading

power

depends

on

data.G.

Who

uses

big

data

for

bad

things?Ⅲ.短文填空

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）list,

invent，

real,

he,

interest,

die，think,

horse,

remain,

make

The

car

was

invented

just

over

a

century

ago.

You

may

know

all

kinds

of

cars’

names,

but

many

people

don’t

know

who

was

the

pioneer

of

the

first

car.

The

first

car

was

1._________not

by

an

Englishman,

but

by

an

American.

2._____

name

was

Henry

Ford.

Henry

was

born

in

a

poor

family.

He

was

the

eldest

of

the

six

children.

When

he

was

a

boy,

he

became

3._________

in

watches

and

machines.

And

he

4.________inventing

things

was

a

pleasure.

When

he

was

twelve

years

old,

his

mother

5._____.

Soon

he

had

to

work

in

a

machine

shop

with

a

low

pay,

just

two

dollars

and

fifty

cents

a

week.

inventedHisinterestedthoughtdied

In

the

evening,

he

6.

_________

to

repair

watches

for

another

dollar

a

week.

The

hard

life

made

him

strong

and

able.

At

that

time,

there

was

another

interest

in

the

daily

life

of

the

young

Ford.

He

dreamed

of

7.________

a

machine.

The

machine

could

run

without

any

8._______,

so

it

was

named

horseless

carriage.

He

overcame

a

lot

of

difficulties

and

in

April

1893,

the

“horseless

carriage”

was

invented

at

last.

It

was

9.______

as

the

first

car.

Later

Henry

Ford

founded

the

Ford

Motor

Company.

He

was

10.______the

first

inventor