《航海英语二三副》-Unit 7-1 Basic Knowledge of Cargo Handling

1.Words&Expressionsaccess 通道；机会；vt.到达，进入susceptible 易受影响的；易受感染的coaming 舱口栏板，边材；围板deterioration 恶化;变坏exceptionally 例外地，异常地freight 货运,货物；运费kerosene 煤油，火油overcarriage 逾运statutory 法定的，法令的；stowagefactor 积载因数vulnerable 易受攻击的;易受伤的odorouscargo 气味货hygroscopiccargo吸湿性货物lightweight 空船重量displacement 排水量loadeddisplacement装载排水量DeadweightTonnage载重吨GrossTonnage 总吨NetTonnage 净吨PanamaCanal 巴拿马运河SuezCanal 苏伊士运河2.TypesofMarineCargoThevariouscargoesandmerchandisemaybebroadlydividedintothefollowingtypes:1.Generalcargo,whichisatermthatcoversagreatvarietyofgoodsthatmustbeloadedindividually,andnotinintermodalcontainersnorinbulkaswithoilorgrain.2.Bulkcargo,whichincludessolidbulkcargoandliquidbulkcargo.3.Containerizedunits4.Refrigerated/chilled5.Roll-on,Roll-off(Ro-Ro)cargoes.Wetcargo-Referstoitemsthatareliquidbutincontainers.-concerningtheleakage,thestowageshouldbesuchthatincaseofanyleakagetheliquidwillfinditswaytothedrainagesystemwithoutdamaginganyothercargo.-examples:cannedmilk,beer,fruitjuices,paints,lubricatingoilandsoonDrycargo

referstothegeneralclassofitemsthatcannotpossiblyleakandfurthermorecanbedamagedbyleakagefromthewetcargo.

Dirtycargo-arethosecommoditiesthatareexceptionallydustyandalwaystendtoleavearesiduebehindthem-examples:cement,ore,charcoal,graphiteCleancargo

leavenoresidue,arenotlikelytoleak,andgenerallywillnotcauseanydamagetoanyothercargo,butthemselvesarehighlyvulnerabletocontamination.Odorouscargoarethosecommoditiesthatgiveofffumesthatlikelytotaintcertainsusceptiblecargoesiftheyarestowedinthesameoreveninadjacentcompartments.examples:kerosene,turpentine(松脂),ammonia（氨水），cruderubber(生胶),lumberDelicatecargo

highlysusceptibletodamagebytaintingfromtheodoroustypesexamples:rice,flour,tea,cerealsFragilecargo

susceptibletobreakageexamples:glass,porcelain,marbleHygroscopiccargohavetheabilitytoabsorborreleasewatervaporexamples:allgrains,woodproducts,cotton,wool,sisal,paper,animalproducts,vegetableoriginproducts3.CarryingCapacityofShipsDisplacementTonnageAship’sDisplacementisthevolumeofwatertheshipdisplaceswhenitisfloating,andismeasuredincubicmetres(m3)DeadweightTonnage(DWT)DeadweightTonnageisthedifferencebetweentheloadeddisplacementtonnageoftheshipandthelightweightoftheship.RegisteredTonnageGrossTonnage(GT)Grosstonnageisameasureofthetotalinternalvolumeofaship.NetTonnage(NT)Nettonnageisameasureofthetotalinteriorvolumeofaship’scargospaces.SuezandPanamaCanalTonnageCargoTonnageCargoismeasuredeitherin"weight"or"measurement".4.CargoPlanAship’scargoplanshowsthedistributionaswellasthedispositionofallparcelsofcargoaboardthevessel.Theplanprovidesataglancethedistributionofthecargoandshowspossibleaccesstoitintheeventoffireorthecargoshifting.Itsmostcommonfunctionistolimitovercarriageandthepossibilityofshortdelivery