《港口机械与电气专业》-Lesson 1 The Forklift Truck

TextContentsforklifttruck 叉车combustion[kəmˈbʌstʃən]n.燃烧;燃烧过程internalcombustionengine 内燃机tiltcylinder 倾斜液压缸chassis

底盘gearshiftcontrollever 变速操纵杆radiator 散热器steeringaxle 转向桥

gearbox 变速器mast英[mɑːst]

门架liftingcapacity 起重能力electrictruck [trʌk]

电动叉车counterweight 平衡重air-pollutingemissions[iˈmɪʃn]空气污染排放物outriggerarms[ˈaʊtrɪɡə(r)ɑːmz]支腿TextAforklift(Figure1-1)isanindustrialvehicle（工业车辆）

usedtoliftandmoveheavyquantitiesofanitem.Aforklifthasapoweroperatedforkedplatform（平台）

infrontthatcanbeinserted（插入）underloadstoliftandmovethem.Hydraulicsystemsareusedinmostforkliftsalthoughsomecompanieshavedevelopedelectricactuator[ˈæktjʊeɪtə]controlledlifts.Theyareparticularly[pəˈtɪkjələli]

（尤其）usefulinwarehouses,storerooms,constructionsitesandloadingdocks.Forkliftsareusedbothindoorandoutdoor,onfactoryfloorsorinlargecoolingunits.Forkliftstypicallyrunoneithernormalinternalcombustionengines(内燃机)oronelectricmotors.Thespecificfuelusedinnonelectricliftscanbeliquidpropane[ˈprəʊpeɪn]丙烷,naturalgas（天然气）

orregulardiesel（柴油）

orgasoline（汽油）.Generally,aforklifttruckconsistsofthreeparts:powerequipment（动力装置）,chassissystem（底盘系统）

andworkingdevice（工作装置）.Powerequipmentcanprovidepowerforthetruck.Chassissystemletsthetrucktravel.Workingdeviceisusuallycomposedof（由…组成）mast,chain,slidingcarriage（滑架）,forkandhydrauliccylinder（液压缸）.Itisworkingdevicethatmakesthetruckwork.ReferringtoFigure1-2,itshowswhatacommonforklifttruckconsistsof.

Figure1-2Maincomponentsofaforklifttruck1—Liftinghydrauliccylinder（举升油缸）;2—Tiltcylinder（倾斜油缸）;3—Multi-waydirectionalvalve（多路换向阀）;4—Gearshiftcontrollever;5—Steeringwheel（方向盘）;6—Radiator（散热器）;7—Counterweight（平衡配重）;8—Hydraulicpump（液压泵）;9—Steeringaxle（转向车轴）;10—Steeringboosters（转向助力）;11—Engine（发动机）;12—Clutchortorqueconverter（离合器或液力变矩器）;13—Gearbox（减速箱）;14—Handbrake（手刹）;15—Transaxle（传动轴）;16—Mast（门架）;17—Slidingframework（滑架）;18—Fork（叉刀）Thislessonprovides[prəˈvaɪd]

提供abriefintroductiontosomecommontypesoflifttrucks:Counterbalancedlifttrucks平衡重式叉车Themostcommontypeoflifttruck,alsoknownasaforklift,isthecounterbalancedlifttruck(Figure1-3).Figure1-3Counterbalancedlifttrucks

Aweightlocatedintherear（尾部）

ofoneofthesetruckscounterbalances（抵消）theweightoftheload,ensuringthetruckdoesn’ttip（倾斜，翻覆

）

forward.Suchtrucksvary[ˈveəri]变化inliftingcapacityfromabout1/2tonto60tonormoreandliftingheightfrom2000mmto6000mm.Liftingvelocitiesvaryfrom7m/minto30m/min,andtravelingspeedfrom14km/hto30km/h,ormore.Counterbalancedlifttrucksarepoweredeitherbyinternalcombustionengines

orelectricmotors.Morethan60%ofthecounterbalancedlifttruckssoldinNorthAmericaduring2006

wereof(具有)

theinternalcombustiontype.Internalcombustiontrucksrunonavarietyoffuels,includinggasoline,diesel,andliquidpropanegas(LPG液态丙烷气体)andcompressednaturalgas(CNG压缩天然气).

LPGisthemostcommonfuelforindoortrucks.Largerlifttrucksforoutdoorusearetypicallygasoline-powered

（汽油驱动的）ordiesel-powered（柴油驱动的）.

3Hemustbeeithermadordrunk.

他要么是疯了，要么是喝醉了。

Comparedtoelectrictrucks,internalcombustiontrucks（内燃叉车）

arequickerandeasiertorefuel,buttheymustberefueledmultipletimespershift（台班）.Andtheyalsoproducenoiseandair-pollutingemissions[iˈmɪʃn]（空气污染排放物）.

Electrictrucksgettheirpowerfromlarge,heavylead-acidbatteries（铅酸电池）,whichprovidemuchoftheircounterweight.Thesetrucksareonlysuitable[ˈsuːtəbl]for（适合于）indooruse.Whiletheycostmorethaninternalcombustiontrucks,electrictrucksarelessexpensive（低成本）tooperate.Electrictrucksarequiet（静音）,producenoemissions（不产生排放物）

andcanusuallyrunafulleight-hourshiftononebatterycharge（一次充电）.

Narrow-aisle[aɪl]巷道

lifttrucksAt12feetwide,standardstorageaislesallowacounterbalancedlifttrucktoturnintheaisleandputawayaload.Narrowaisles(Figure1-4)aretypicallyonly8feetwide—andverynarrowaislesareonly5.5to6feetwide—requiringspecializedlifttrucksthatcanputawayloadswithoutturningorthataresmallenoughtomaketightturns（急转弯）.Threeofthemostcommonnarrow-aisletrucksarereachtrucks（前移式叉车）,turrettrucks[ˈtʌrəttrʌks]（转叉式叉车）andorderpickers[ˈɔːdə(r)ˈpɪkəz]拣料车.

1.ReachtrucksReachtrucks(Figure1-5)aretheoriginalnarrow-aisle窄巷道

lifttrucks.Thesetrucksaresmallenoughtoturninnarrowaislesbecausetheydon’tneedalargecounterweight.Instead,outriggerarms[ˈaʊtrɪɡə(r)ɑːmz]支腿臂extendinfrontofthetruckstoprovidestability.Theoutriggerarms,however,canpreventthetrucks,dependingonstorageconfiguration,fromgettingcloseenoughtothestorageracktodepositandretrieveloads.Toovercomethis,areachtruckisdesignedwithatelescopingmechanism—calledapantograph—thatallowstheforkstoreachintostoragelocations.Operatortrainingforreachtrucksmaytakelongerthanforothertrucksbecauseofthecomplexityofthecontrols.

Figure1-4Narrow-aisletrucksFigure1-5Narrow-aislereachtrucks2.TurrettrucksThelifttruckoftenchosenforworkinverynarrowaislesistheturrettruck(Figure1-6).Thesetruckshavepivoting[ˈpɪvətɪŋ]带转轴的

forksthatturn90degreesoneithersideandtraverse[trəˈvɜːs]横移

fromsidetoside.Figure1-6TurrettruckToputawayaload,anoperatordrivesdowntheaislewiththeloadfacingforwardandthenstopsatthedesignated[ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd]指定的

storagelocation存放地点.Theforkspivottotheappropriatesideandlifttheloadtothedesiredheight.Thentheforkstraversetotheirfullextension,depositingtheload.Theforksreturntotheiroriginalpositionbeforeforwardtravelresumes[rɪˈzjuːmz]重新开始.

在继续向前行驶之前，拨叉返回其原始位置Turrettruckscanbecompletelyoperator-guidedorcanrunonawireguidancesystem—anattractiveoptioninverynarrowaisles.Inman-up载人的

trucks,theoperatorcompartmentriseswiththeload.Inman-downtrucks,operatorsremainatfloorlevel.

3.OrderpickersWhilereachtrucksandturrettrucksareusedforstoringandretrievingpalletloads,orderpickers(Figure1-7)areusedforhandlingindividualitemsorcases.Anorderpicker,alsoknownasastockpickeroranorderselector,liftstheoperatoronaplatformalongwiththeforks.Theoperatorpicksitemsfrombulkstoragelocationsandplacesthemdirectlyontoapalletontheforksofthetruck.Orderpickerscansafelymoveforwardwhileinanelevatedposition.Theycanbecompletelyoperator-guidedorcanrunonwireguidancesystems.Figure1-7Orderpicker

Lowliftpallettrucks(palletjacks)Thesimplestandleastexpensivelifttrucksarenon-poweredpallettrucks,alsoknownashandpallettrucks(Figure1-8)orhandpalletjacks.Non-poweredpallettrucksusealiftingdevice—usuallyhydraulic—toraisepalletsjustafewinchesoffthefloor.Operatorsthengrabthetruck’shandleandpulltheloadbehindthem.

Figure1-8LowliftpallettrucksⅠ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.Whatisthemostcommontypeofforklifttruck?

2.Whatarethethreeofthemostcommonnarrow-aisletrucks?

3.Whatarethesimplestandleastexpensivelifttrucks?

Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese.1.CounterbalancedLifttrucksarepoweredeitherbyinternalcombustionenginesorelectricmotors.Morethan60%ofthecounterbalancedlifttruckssoldinNorthAmericaduring2006wereoftheinternalcombustiontype.Internalcombustiontrucksrunonavarietyoffuels,includinggasoline,diese