高考英语阅读理解专题三（含解析）

2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编（3）

李仕才

A

Hewasthereeverymorning,sittingmotionlessonthefrontstepsofhishouse.

Inthemorninglight,Icouldseetheshadowsthatwereetched（蚀亥“）deepwithinthe

1inessurroundinghiseyes.

EachmorningIwalkedthisroutewithmydaughtertoherkindergartenclass.We

werenewtotheneighborhocdsothatIdidn,tknowmanyofmyneighbors.Onone

beautifulautumnmorning,aswepassedhishouse,mydaughtercalledouttohim,"Hi,

Mr.Man!”Alwaystheoutgoingchild,Iwasn'tsurprisedatherenthusiasm.Buther

cheerfulnesssoonfadedwhenthemandidn*tlookatherandsay"Hi"back.

Aswecontinuedonourwalktoschool,mydaughteraskedwhythemandidn'twant

tosayhitoher.BecauseIdidn'thaveananswer,Isaidsimply,aMaybeheishaving

abadday."laterIknewthatBoblosthiswifeinacaraccident.

Afewdayslater,asweapproachedBob,shouseonourwaytoschool,mydaughter

calledout"HiMr.Man!”andasusual,hedidn,trespond.Butthensheranonto

hisfrontlawnandpickedupabeautifulredautumnleaf.Shecontinueduponestep

andhandedittohim.Iheldmybreath.

Assheskippedbacktone,shesaid,“Seeyoutomorrow,Mr.Man!”Thistime,

heacknowledgedher.Inasoftgentlevoice,hethankedherandsaid,“Seeyou

tomorrow.”

Fromthenon,Bobandmydaughterexchangedgreetingeachmorning.Ourfriendship

withBobcontinuedformanyyears.But,thesweetestdayiswhenBobattendedmy

daughter1shighschoolgraduation.Bobgavemydaughteragiftabookonidentifying

variousplantsandtrees.There,tuckedinthepagesthatdescribedanoaktree,was

theleafmydaughterhadgiventoMr.Manwhentheyfirstmet.Hehaddriedandpressed

itandkeptitallthoseyears.

1.Whatpuzzledthegirl?

A.Thecauseoftheman'ssadness

B.Theshadowsintheman'seyes

C.Theman*ssittingstillonthesteps

D.Theman'snotansweringhergreeting

2.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhisdaughtergavetheredleaftotheman?

A.ProudB.Nervous

C.EmbarrassedD.fortable

3.WhydidBobkeepthatlittleredleaf?

A.Itwasacarefromagirl

B.Itwasasymbolofenthusiasm

C.Itwasareminderofhispainfuldays

D.Itrepresentedthekncwledgeoftrees

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ASimpleRedLeafB.AStrangeNeighbor

C.AnUnusualFriendD.AGreetingFromAgirl

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。每天上学的路上，我和女儿总会遇见一位男士，女儿总

会给他打招呼，但没有得到答复，有一天当女儿给他摘一片红色的树叶的时候，再次打招呼的

时候，这次得到了答复。多年后在女儿毕业的时候，这位男士送给女儿一本书，上面印有各种

各样的植物和树，还有女儿曾经送给他的那片树叶，在那片树叶里包含着那位男士痛苦的过去。

【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Buthercheerfulnesssoonfadedwhenthemandidn't

lookatherandsay"Hi"back.&Aswccontinuedonourwalktoschool,mydaughter

askedwhythemandicin'iwantiosayhiioher.BecauseIdicin'ihaveananswer,

的提示可知令那位女孩困惑的是那位男士没有回答她的问候，故选及

【解析】推理判断题。根据文中laterIknewthatBoblosthiswifeinacaraccident.

的描述可知当时Bob刚刚失去自己的妻子，而女儿的行为让他很感动，所以保存下来这片

红色的叶子，从而当作对自己痛苦时光的回忆，故选A。

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中的描述可知这片红色的叶子一直贯穿全文，就是因为它才使

故事得以发展，因此，一片红色的叶子就是该文的主旨，故选A。

B

（2015•江西九校联考）

Sleepinginaroomwithtoomuchlighthasbeenlinkedtoanincreasedriskof

pilingonthepounds,astudyshows.AteamattheInstituteofCancerResearchin

Londonfoundwomenhadlargerwaistlinesiftheirbedroomwas“lightenoughtosee

acrossMatnight.However,theycautionthereisnotenoughevidencetoadvisepeople

tobuythickercurtainsorturnofflights.

Thewomenwereaskedtoratetheamountof1ightintheirbedroomsatnightas：

Lightenoughtoread.Lightenoughtoseeacrosstheroom,butnotread.Lightenough

toseeyourhandinfrontofyou,butnotacrosstheroom.Toodarktoseeyourhand

oryouwearamask.

Prof.AnthonySwcrdlowtoldtheBBC：”Inthisverylargegroupofpeoplethere

isanassociationbetweenreportedlightexposureatnightandoverweightandobesity.

Butthereisnotsufficientevidencetoknowifmakingyourroomdarkerwou1dmake

anydifferencetoyourweight.Theremightbeotherexplanationsfortheassociation,

butthefindingsareintriguingenoughtoguaranteefurtherscientific

investigation.”

Th©lightisdisruptinqth©bodyclock,whichstemsfromour©volutionarypast

whenwewereactivewhenitwaslightinthedayandrestingwhenitwasdarkatnight.

Lightaltersmood,physicalstrengthandeventhewayweprocessfoodina24-hour

cycle.Artificiallightisknowntodisruptthebodyclockbydelayingtheproduction

ofthesleephormonemelatcnin.

-JanDijksaidtherewouldbenoharmintryingtomakebedroomsdarker.Hetold

theBBC：aPeopleingeneralarenotawareofthe1ightpresentintheirbedroom.I

thinkpeopleshouldassesstheirbedroomandseehoweasyitwouldbetomakeit

darker."Streetlights,sorrealarmclocksandstandbylightsonelectricalequipment

suchastelevisionscouldlightaroom,hesaid.aOverallthisstudypointstothe

importanceofdarkness,Mheconcluded.

1.Thepassagemainlytellsus

A.brightbedroomslinktoobesity

B.darkbedroomslinktoobesity

C.peopleshouldturnefflights

D.peopleshou1dbuythickercurtains

2.Whatdocstheunderlinedword**disrupt!nginParagraph4mean?

A.Stopping.B.Disturbing.

C.Improving.D.Recovering.

3.WhatmightParagraph4beusedfor?

A.Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingbodyclock.

B.Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingmood.

C.Onopossibleexplanationondisruptingphysicalstrength.

D.Onepossibleexplanationonartificiallight.

4.What*-JanDijk'sattitudetowardsthedarkroon?

A.Unclear.B.Doubtful.

C.Negative.D.Favorable.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卧室里的亮度对人们健康的影响：过于强

烈的光线会影响人体的生物钟，影响人的情绪，还有可能使人肥胖。

1.解析：选A。主旨大意题。第一段第一句点明了文章的主题，即有研究表明，在光线

太强的房间里睡觉可能会导致体重增加。故选A项。

2.解析：选B。词义猜测甥。根据第四段第一句中,,Thelightisdisruptingthebody

clock”和第二句可知，木段主要讲述的是光线会干扰生物钟，会改变情绪、体力、甚至人体

处理食物的方式，由此可推知，画线单词意为“干扰”，与B项disturbing意义接近。故选

B项。

3.解析：选A。篇章结构遗。根据第四段第•句“The1iglitisdisruptingthebody

clock...w及最后一句中的ArtificiallightisknowntodisruptthebodyclockM可

知，本段主要解释了光线会干扰人体生物钟的可能原因。故选A项。

4.解析:选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句中°therewouldbenoharmintrying

tomakebedroomsdarker"及最后一句可以看出，Derk-JanD,jk教授赞成招卧室的亮度调

暗。故选D项。

C

About21.()00youngpeoplein17Americanstatesdonotattendclassesinschool

buiIdings.

Instead,theyreceivetheirelementary(初等)andhighschooleducationbyworkingat

homeonputers.TheCenterforEducationReformsaystheUnitedStateshas67public

“cyberschools."andthatisabouttwiceasmanyastvoyearsago.

Themoneyforstudentstoattendacyberschoolesfromthegovernmentsofthestates

wheretheylive.Someeducatorssaycyberschoolsreceivemoneythatshouldsupport

traditionalpublicschools.Theyalsosayitisdifficuttoknowifstudentsare

learningwell.

Othereducatorspraisethisnewformofeducationforlettingstudentsworkattheir

ownspeed.Thesepeoplesaycyberschoolshelpstudentswhowereunhappyor

unsuccessfulintraditionalschools.Theysaylearningathomebyputerendslongbus

ridesforchiIdrenwho1ivefarfromschool.

Whateverthejudgmentofcyberschools,theyaregettingmoreandmorepopular.Eor

example,anewcyberschoolcalledCommonwealthConnect:onsAcademywi11takein

studentsthisfall.Itwi11servechildreninthestateofPennsylvaniafromagesfive

throughthirteen.

Childrengetfreeequipmentfortheironlineeducation.Thisincludesaputer,a

printer,booksandtechnicalservices.Parentsandstudentstalkwithteachersby

telephoneorbysendingemailsthroughtheirputerswhennecessary.

Studentsatcyberschoolsusuallydonotknowoneanother.ButbOsuchstudentswho

finishedstudiesatWesternPennsylvaniaCybei'CharterSchoolrecentlymetforthe

firsttime.Theywereguestsofhonorattheirgraduation.

()1.Whatdoweknowfremthetextaboutstudentsofacyberschool?

A.Theyhavetotakelongbusridestoschool.

B.Theystudyathomeratherthaninclassrooms.

C.Theyreceivemoneyfromtraditionalpublicschools.

I).Theydowellintraditicnalschoolprograms.

【答案】：B

【解析］:由文章Ahnut21,000youngppnplPin17Ampricanqtntcadonntatfondrlaaaas

inschoolbuildings.

Instead,theyreceivetheirelementary(初等)andhighschooleducationbyworkingat

homeonputers.可知B。

()2.Whatisaproblemwithcyberschools?

A.Theii'equipmentcostsalotofmoney.

B.Theygetlittlesupportfromthestategovernment.

C.Itishardtoknowstudents*progressinlearning.

D.Thestudentsfindithardtomakefriends.

()3.cyberschoolsaregettingpopularbecause____________

A.theyarelessexpensiveforstudents

B.theirstudentscanworkattheirownspeed

C.theirgraduatesaremoresuccessfulinsociety

D.theyservestudentsinawideragerange

()4.Wecaninferthattheauthorofthetextis.

A.unprejudicedinhisdescriptionofcyberschools

B.excitedaboutthefutureofcyberschools

C.doubtfulaboutthequalityofcyberschools

【).disappearedatthedevelopmentofcyberschools

A推断题，作者分析，及分析了好处也分析了不好的，所以应激是不带偏见的

D

(2015•陕西省质量检测二)

Whetheritiselementaryschool,middleschool,orhighschoolintheUnitedStates,

therewi11alwaysbeanawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Thoughitvariesfrom

schooltoschool,thereareafewthataregivenbymostschoolsacrossthenation.

Thefirstoneisgivenfromgrades3to8anditistheHonorRollAward.In

elementaryandmiddleschool,thisawardisusedtorecognizeacademicexcellence.

Thisawardisalsoseparatedintotwogroups:AHonorRollandA/BHonorRoll.Itis

givenoutattheendofaschoolyearandstudentswhoreceiveallaveragesofa93

orabove(90insomestates)onafinalreportcardreceiveanAHonorRol1,andstudents

withgradesabove85(80insomestates)wouldreceiveanA/BHonorRoll.Itisto

rewardstudentswhohavewerkedhardandreceivedallA'sorA'sandB's.

Inhighschool,thisischangedabit,butsti11canbeclassifiedasthesame

typeofaward.Thedifferenceisthatinsteadofusingthescale(等级)of100,they

useagradepointaverage(GPA)basedona4pointscale.Theyrecognizestudentswith

ahighGPAas**HonorStudents.Ifthestudentskeepitupforallfouryearsof

highschool,thentheygraduatewithhonors.

AnothernotableawardisthePresident,sAwardforEcucationalExcellence.This

isgivenbythePresident?sEducationAwardsProgrameachyeartostudentsallover

theUnitedStates.Thisawardisofferedtoelementaryschool,middleschoolandhigh

schoolstudents.Tobeeligible(有负格的)forthisaward,middleschoolandelementary

schoolstudentsmustearnanaveragegradeof90oraboveona109pointscale.High

schoolstudentsmusthaveaGPAofatleast3.5.Studentsmustalsohaveahighscore

onastatewideornationalstandardizedtestorhavearemendationfromateacher.

Usuallythisawardisgivenattheendoftheyear.Itisacertificatewithasignature

fromthepresidentalongwithaletterofrecognition.

However,manypeopleconfusethePresident,sAwardforEducationalExcellence

withanotheraward,theUSPresidentialScholarsProgram.Eventhoughbothhaveth©

word“President“inthetitle,theyarepletelydifferentawards.Wherethe

President's.AwardforEducationalExcellenceisrelativelyeasytoachieve,theaward

fromthePresidentialScholarsProgramisnot.ToearnthehonorofbeingaPresidential

Scholar,astudentmustbeahighschoolseniorlastyearofhighschoolwith

outstandingstandardizedtestscores.

1.If,inmostoftheschoolsintheUS,astudentinGrade5wantstogetanA

HonorRoll,he/shemustgetallaveragesofa(n).

A.93B.85

C.90D.80

2.Fromthepassagewcknowthatthestudentswhocangraduatewithhonors.

A.keepupthegradescf100inhighschoolformorethanoneyear

B.getaveragesof100inhighschoolforallfouryearsofhighschool

C.getahighGPAinhighschoolformorethanoneyear

I),arerecognizedas“HonorStudents“forallfouryearsofhighschool

3.IfhighschoolstudentsaretowinthePresidentrsAwardforEducational

Excellence,whichofthefcllowingstatementsshouldbeincluded?

A.Anaveragegradeof90oraboveona100pointscale.

B.Aremendationfromateacher.

C.AGPAofatleast3.5inanationalstandardizedtest.

1).Ahighschoolseniorwithoutstandingstandardizedtestscores.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe"”.

A.Awardsin©lementaryandmiddl©schools

B.AwardsinschoolsoftheUnitedStates

C.Howhighschoolsrewardtheirstudents

D.Itfseasytowinawardsinschools

【解即导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国学校设置的一些奖项以及获得这些奖

项需要满足的条件。

1.解析：选A。细节理解迤。根据第二段第四句中的"andstudentswhoreceiveall

averagesofa93orabove(90insomestates)...receiveanAHonorRoll”可知，在

美国大多数学校，想要获得AHonorRoll,平均分必须在93分或以上。故答案选A。

2.解析：选I）。细节埋解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，如果学生能连续四年获得“优

秀学生”的称号，就能带着荣誉毕业。故选D。

3.解析：选B。细节理解迤。根据第四段第五、六句"Highschoolstudentsmusthave

aGPAofatleast3.5.Studentsmust...havearemendationfromateacher.M可知，B

项为条件之一。

4.解析：选及标题归纳迤。纵观全文可知，本文讲述的是美国学校设置的一些奖项以

及获得这些奖项需要满足的条件。B项能概括文章内容，适合做标题。故选B。

E

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

Tworecentstudieshavefouncthatpunishmentisnotthebes:waytoinfluencebehavior.

Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedon

rewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesandtheStockholm

SchoolofEconomicsinSwedendidthestudy.

Theyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegameknownasthe

Prisoner*sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetension（紧张气氛）betweentheinterests

（利益）ofanindividualandagroup.Thestudentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayer

couldwinpointsforthegroup,sotheywou1dallgainequally.Buteachplayercould

alsorewardorpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayers,atacosttothepunisher.

HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobe

cooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthe

gameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.Andthemoreagrouppunisheditself,

the1oweritsearningswere.Thegroupwiththemostpunishmentearnedtwentyfive

percentlessthanthegroupwiththeleastpunishment.Thestudyappearedlastmonth

inthejournalScience.

Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.ItwaspresentedlastmonthinCaliforniaata

conferenceonviolenceandabuse.Researchersusedintelligencetestsgiventotwo

groups.MorethaneighthundredchiIdrenagedtwotofourthefirsttimetheywere

tested.Morethansevenhundredchildrenagedfiveton:ne.

Thetwogroupswereretestedfouryearslater,andthestudyparedtheresultswith

thefirsttest.Bothgroupscontainedchildrenwhoseparentsusedphysicalpunishment

andchildrenwhoseparentsdidnot.ThestudysaystheIQsorintelligencequotientsof

theyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere.

Intheoldergroup,thedifferencewasalmostthreepoints.

MurrayStraussfromtheUniversityofNewHampshireworkedwithMalliePaschallfrom

thePacificInstituteforResearchandEvaluation.ProfessorStrausshaswritten

extensivelyaboutphysicalpunishmentofchildren.Uesayethemoretheyarespanked,

theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.Healso