高考英语单项填空陷阱题透析

高考英语单项填空陷阱题透析

每年高考试题单项选择的考点基本不变，但又给人耳目一新的感觉。主要是增加了

语境化，交际化的因素。高考命题者常常利用熟悉的句型结构，或者一些固定搭配来制

造陷阱，让考生在非常神气的心情中快速地得出错误的答案。针对这种情况，我粗略归纳

了常见陷阱题的类型并加以分析，希望能对同学们在解题过程中巧识陷阱有所帮助。

一。考点设置

lo语法类考题

2o习惯搭配类

3O相似词语辨析

4。情景交际

5。逻辑推理题

二。提高试题难度的手段

1.插入隔离型

有时一个本来很简单的句子，在其中置入一个插入成分，或将某些成分从正常位置调

入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置，则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难。

例4Heranasfastashecould_____thebus.

A.catchB.tocatchC.catchingD.caught

解析：答案为B,但易选A,以为情态动词could后要接动词原形。其实，这里的情

态动词could后已省略了一个动词原形run了，后面应用动词不定式表示目的。

2O省略迷惑型

Takingthiskindofmedicine,if,willpossiblydohimgreatharm.

A.TocontinueB.continuedC.continuesD.continuing

3.追加限制型

Ohdear,mymoney.Imustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsout

beforeIhavenoneinhand.

A.hasrunoutB.isrunningoutC.hasgoneD.isbeingrunout

4.思维定势型

思维定势是指人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种固定的思维模式。它是一把双刃

剑，如果运用得当，它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来，并在短时

间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理，并很快得出正确的结论；但若运用不

当，它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。

例1Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehoursinmystudy.

A.lockingB.lockedC.tolockD.tDbelocked

解析：答案为B,但考生易误选A,以为是考查spend...(in)doing结构。其实，

不是“锁门”花去了三小时，而是“将自己锁在书房里度过了三小时”，用过去分词短语

作伴随状语。

5.母语干扰型

学外语最忌母语干扰，但由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会对外语学习者大脑

中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响。命题者也往往利用这一点，制造陷阱。

例31'11cometoseeyouif.

A.you'reconvenientB.itisconvenientforyou

C.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou

解析：答案为B,但易误选A或C,因为按汉语意思，“如果你方便的话”，易直译

为ifyouareconvenient或ifyoufeelconveniento但事实上，英语中表示“如果你

方便的话”，通常说ifitisconvenientfor(to)you<>

6.相似结构干扰型

Itwasreallymidnight___Henrybegantofeelterrible.

A.untilB.thatC.whenD.while

7.句式转换型

英语句子的一般语序为“主语部分+谓语部分”，如果把渭语或谓语的一部分放到主

语前面，我们称之为倒装。命题者就利用这种“不正常”的句式跟你“绕弯子”。解决

类似的题目，关键是要熟悉倒装规则，学会识别倒装句。

例5hefollowedmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.

A.WhenB.IfC.HadD.Has

解析：答案为C,但易误选B。若选B,主句和从句的时态就会矛盾了，根据后面的

渭语的形式，前面要用过去完成式hadfollowed才对。其实，这里的if被省略，将had

提前了

8.规则硬套型

就是指不从语言实际出发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套用语法规则，生搬

便套语法的条条框框，从而错误地作出选择。

例2Hemadeuphismindtodevotehislifepollutionhappily.

A.toprevent,toliveB.toprevent,fromliving

C.topreventing,toliveD.topreventing,living

解析:答案为C,但易误选B,认为第一空应填to,是不定式符号，第二空是prevent...

(from)doingsth.是固定搭配。其实devote...to...(把...奉献给....)口的to是

介词，接Tng形式；第二空也不是“阻止污染过上幸福生活”，而是“为了过上幸福生活

而阻止污染”，用不定式作目的状语。

9。知识叠加型

Hesuggestedtheproblemworthpayingattention___atthemeeting.

A.tobediscussedB.tobeingdiscussed

C.todiscussD.todiscussing

三。解题策略

1、整体把握，分析语境

这些年来，单项选择填空淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查，而是在特定的语境中

对语法和词汇进行考查，这就增加了考试的难度。因此，考生必须具有综合运用语言的能

力。答题时我们必须读完全部信息，利用特定的语境来选出正确答案。例如：

1.—Whafsthatterriblenoise?（2004年北京卷22题）

Theneighborsforaparty.

A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare

2.一GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?（2004年湖北卷33

题）

一No,I.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?

A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadnHbeeninvitedD.didn'tinvite

3.一It'sgettinglate.TmafraidImustbegoingnow.（2004年全国卷I）

—OK..

A.TakeiteasyB.GoslowlyC.StaylongerD.Seeyou

2、注意分析句子结构

明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所担任的句子成分，有时对于我们选择正确答案是

很有帮助的。例如：

1.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mr.Greenwenttothemarketsomebananasandvisitedhis

cousin.

A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buy

对句子稍作分析，我们就会发现本句中的空白处的句子成分与went、visited是三个并列谓

语，后两个谓语用and加以连接，正确答案毫无疑问是A。

2.IsthisfactoryyouvisitedlastFriday?

A.whichB.whereC.theoneD.there

应该知道这个句子的主语为thisfactory,this是定语is是连系动词当谓语，空白处缺少的是

表语，所以C项是正确答案（theone后面省略了关系代词which或that）。如果我们在factory

前面加上定冠词the,答案则应选A,因为此时factory成了句子的表语。

3.Itwasbackhomeaftertheexperiment.（2004年湖北卷24题）

A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgo

C.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo

3注意排除思维定势的干扰

在学习过程中，同学们进行了相当多的习题练习，因此对有些类型的题目自然而然地会产

生思维定势。当碰到一些已经发生了变化的新题目，如果不作分析而是凭老经验，想当然

办事，势必造成错误。为此，必须排除思维定势的干扰，以便选出正确的答案。例如：

1.—Shecan'thelpthehousebecauseshe'sbusymakingacake.上海1997

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned

2.Thisistheonlywaywearethinkingofhimoutoftrouble.

A.gettingB.togetC.gotD.tohavegot

3.Hetriedeverymeanstomakehimselftherulesbystudyingthemdayandnight.

A.understoodB.understandingC.understandD.tounderstand

4、注意捕获句子中的隐含信息

为了考查考生观察问题、分析问题的能力，高考选择题中常常会把一些重要的信息隐含在

语境之中，而不是直截了当地告诉考生。因此，答题时必须十分注意获取隐含的信息。例

6.主动帮助及回答,It'sailright.Thanks;Ihafsveryniceotyou.;No,thankyouallthesame/

justthesame.

7.成功表达及回答，I'mgladtohearthat;Congratulations.

例如：

一Hi,haven'tseenyoufbrages.Youlookfine.一___________.Youlook

welltoo.NMET1994

A.GreatB.ThanksC.Oh,noD.Notatall

在英语中，当听到赞扬时用来回谢对方的常用Thanks或Thankyou,不能按照中国人的习

惯为了表示谦虚等说“不”“没什么”一类的话。因此，正确答案是B。

—DoyouthinkIcouldborrowyourdictionary?_.NMET1997

A.Yes,youmayborrowB.Yes,youcouldC.Yes,helpyourselfD.Yes,goon

could用于疑问句可以用来表示委婉的语气,但它不能用于回答。helponeself含有“自取”“自

用''的意思，所以C项为正确答案。

一I'dliketotakeaweek'sholiday.—,we'retoobusy.（2004年全国卷III23题）

A.Don'tworryB.Don'tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Pardonme

-CanIlookatthemenuforafewmoreminutesbeforeIdecide?-Ofcourse.sir.

（2004年全国卷II21题）

A.MakeyourselfathomeB.EnjoyyourselfC.Itdoesn'tmatterD.Takeyourtime

--1hadareallygoodweekendatmyuncle's.

A.Oh,that'sveryniceofyouB.Congratulations

C.ReallyD.Oh,Iamgladtohearthat

7o注看相似句型之间的差别

英语中有些句型很相似，如果不加以仔细观察在做题目时很容易出错误。例如：

Itisknowntoallthatpollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblemintheworldtoday.

Asisknowntoall,pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblemintheworldtoday.

这里第一句中的it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句；第二句中的as为关系代词，引导

的是定语从句。

再看下面一道高考题：

__________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceevery

month.NMET2001

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

比题答案是B。该题考查由as引导的定语从句，它可以放在主句前或后。as表示主句的内

容，而不是代表某个先行伺。故而译成中文是“正如大家都知道的其余几项均无此意。

如果有的考生不小心也会选A,因为it作为形式主语引导主语从句时其结构与as引导定语

从句很相似。下面有100道相似句型题供同学们参考

单项选择填空题的内容是多方面的，这里所讲的只不过是其中几个问题。我们必须明白，

要做好单项选择填空题仅靠掌握一些答题技巧还是远远不够的。因此，我们在平时的学习

过程中一定要扎扎实实地打好英语基础并练好语言的本领。

归纳：

单选应该这样做：

阅读题干，理解题意

抓住题眼，确认考点

推理判断，找出答案

单项选择复习建议

1.熟练掌握高中英语新课程标准词汇及用法，其中要掌握词性及其固定的搭配(基本要

求)

2.对于重要句型的把握［重点61个)

3.注意一词多义(重点)

4.固定搭配

5.重要句型补充：

1.bc+of+抽象名词

2.the+形容词/副词比较级，the+形容词/副词比较级

3.not/no/never/nothing+比较级

4.比较级+thananyother+单数可数名词

5.the+比较级+of...

6.as+形容词/副词原级+(a/an)+名词+as

7.as+形容词/副词原级+as,比较级+than

8.thesame+名词+as

9.倍数+比较级+than…，倍数+as+原级+as…，倍数+thesize/height/length/

weight/widthof...

10.nolonger.../not...anylonger

11....形容词/副词+enoughtodosth.

12.(much)too...todosth.

13....where...

14.Howsoon...

15.Therebe...

16.Incase...

17.keep/prevent/stopsb.(sth.)fromdoing(beingdone)

18.have/keep/make/get/drive/send/set/leavesb.(sth.)十其补

19.havesth.done

20.makeoneselfdone

21.usedtodosth.

22.warnsb.(not)todo/againstdoingsth.

23.spend/wastetimeindoingsth.

24.can'thelpdoingsth.

25.sb.would(should)like(love)todosth.

26.Given...

27.情态动词+(not)have+过去分词

28.sothat...

29.such...that...

30....till/until...

31....thefirsttime...

32....before...

33.It+be+一段时间+since从句

34.Itis/wasthefirst/last/second/thirdtime+从句

35.Asisknowntoall...

36.nomatter+特殊疑问词

37.What+(a/an+adj.)+名词/How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语

38.It...that/what/whether/how/when...主语从句或todosth./doingsth.

39.think/make/find/feel/keep+it+宾补...

40.Itis/was+被强调部分+diat(who》..

41.Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句……

42.Never/Little/Nota/Hardly/Innotime/Innoway/Innocase/Seldom/

Scarcely/Barely/Rarely/Nowhere/Bynomeans+be/助动词/情态动词+主语

+谓语

43.So+adj.+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(倒装)

44.adj./adv./n.+as/though/that+主语+谓语...

45.Nosooner...than/Hardly(Scarcely)...when(before)

46.notonly...but(also)...

47.Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语

48.So+bc/助动词/情态动词+主语与So+主语+bc/助动词/情态动词

49....doyouthink...?

50.Ilissaid/reported/ihought/believed/announcedthat...

51.Thisis...speaking.

52.donothingbutdosth./cannotbutdo/cannothelpbutdo/cannotchoosebutdo../haveno

choicebuttodo---

53.'dliketo,'dloveto,begoingto,meanto,oughtto,tryto,planto,begladto,behappy

to

54.I'msorry,but...

55.Whynot+动词原形？

56.Do/Wouldyoumind...?

57.How/Whatabout...?

58.That/Itbe+adj.ofsb.todosth.

59.pre(ertodosth.rather(handosth.

6().wouldratherdosth.

61.Ibelieveso,Ibelievenot,Idon'tbelieveso

相似题型专项练习

1.(1)Tomgotthefirstplace,madehisparentshappy.

(2)Tomgotfirstplace,andmadehisparentshappy.

A.asB.whichC.thatD.this

2.(1)iswellknowntoall,theearthisround.

(2)iswellknowntoallthattheearthisround.

A.ThatB.withC.ItD.As

3.(1Jit'sgoodyoutotakeawalkaftersuppereveryday.

(2)Itwasreallystupidhimtorefusetheinvitation.

A.ofB.toC.forD.at

4.(l)Heisunfitforthejob,?

(2)Heisn'tfitforthejob,?

A.isn'theB.isheC.doesn'theD.doeshe

5.(l)Isthismuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?

(2)Isthisthemuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

6.(l)HesaidthatMaryhadcloneit,9

A.hadn'tsheB.hadn'tMaryC.didn'theD.didhe

(2)It,smyson'sbirthdaynextweek,andIhavetodomybestforthat,9

A.isn'titB.isitC.haven*tID.don'tI

7.(1)—IwatchedTVlastnight.—

A.SoIdidB.SodidIC.SoIwasD.SowasI

(2)Mr.Chenisateacherandworksveryhard,hiswife.

A.SodoesB.SoisC.SoitiswithD.Itissamewith

is10yearssineweschool.

A.leftB.haveleftC.hadleftD.leave

(2)ThisisthefirsttimeIhere.

A.wasB.amgoingC.havebeenD.came

9.(l)Lefsstartatonce,?

(2)Letusgo,

A.willyouB.shallweC.doyouD.dowe

10.(l)Therearemanytreesonsideofthestreet.

(2)Therearemanystudentswatchingthevolleyballmatchonsideofthe

playground.

A.allB.bothC.everyD.each

11.(1)Mr.Johnsonmusthavecomebackyesterday,?

(2)Hemusthavewaitedhereforalongtime,9

A.hasn'theB.haven'theC.mustn'theD.didn'the

12.(1)knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit,Iihink.

A.WhoB.ThatC.NomatterwhoD.Whoever

(2)Don'ttrusthim,hesays.

A.whatB.nomatterwhatC.whateverD.BandC

13.(1)—“cantheworkbedone?^^—Infivehours.

Q)一haveyoustudiedEnglish?—Forsixyears.

A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowoftenD.Howfar

14.(l)ZhangMingistallerthaninhisclass.

A.anystudentsB.anyoneC.anyotherstudentD.others

(2)HestudiesEnglishharderthaninhisclass.

A.anystudentsB.anyboysC.anyoneD.anygirls

15.(l)Shallwehaveherthere?

(2)Shallwegetherthere?

A.togoB.goC.wentD.gone

16.(1)—Theexperimenthasfailed.一Isuggestyouagain.

A.tryingB.willtryC.wouldtryD.try

(2)Herexpressionsuggestedthatsheangry.

A.beB.wasC.wereD.being

17.(l)TheyusuallyhaveaPartymeetingonSaturdayafternoon,?

A.don'ttheyB.haven'ttheyC.dotheyD.havethey

(2)Hehasn'tanybrothers,?

A.hasheB.doesheC.hasn'theD.AandB

18.(l)Waitingforhermethreehours.

(2)We,llthreedaysinfinishingthework.

A.tookB.costC.payD.spend

19.(l)Hewantednothingbutthere.

A.stayedB.stayingC.tostayD.stay

(2)Hewoulddoanythingforyoubutyoumoney.

A.lendB.tolendC.lentD.lending

2O.(l)Theworkersmademachinesthefarmers.

(2)Theofficermadehismenthefarmers.

A.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helping

21.(1)1managedtomakemyself.

A.hearB.heardC.tobeheardD.hearing

(2)Theearthmustbemademorepeople.

A.supportedB.supportingC.tosupportD.support

22.(1)carefornobodybuthimselfwillnevergetalongwellwiththeothers.

A.ThatB.TheseC.ThosewhoD.Who

(2)failstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.

A.AnyonewhoB.AnyonewhoC.AnyonewhichD.Anyone

23.(l)Eastofthevillagealakefiveyearsago.

(2)Hehishandonmyshoulder.

A.lieB.layC.laidD.lain

24.(l)Someoneisaskingforyou,Maybehewillhaveyou.

A.thewordwithB.awordwithC.somewordstoD.wordsto

(2)Sheusedtohavewithherhusband.

A.awordB.thewordC.wordsD.somewords

25.(l)Ourteacherenteredtheclassroom,.

(2)Ourteacherenteredtheclassroom,with.

A.abookinhandB.bookinhandC.abookinhishandD.bookinhishands

26.(1)manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

(2)manytimes,hehasalreadyknownhowtodoit.

A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.Thoughhehad

beentold

27.(1)Topreventtheair,somethingwillhavetobedone.

A.topolluteB.tobepollutedC.frompollutingD.frombeingpolluted

(2)Thebadweatherpreventedus.

A.fromgoingoutB.togooutC.goneoutD.wentout

28.(l)Itwasnotthatthepolicearrivedandcaughtthethief.

⑵Thebookwillbeprinted.

A.beforelongB.beforeC.longbeforeD.long

29.(1)thesightofthejewelsMathilde'seyesshonebrightly.

(2)sightofhisoldfriendinthestreet,hefeltveryhappy.

A.AiB.InC.OutofD.Catching

30.(1),weallwenttothepark.

(2),andweallwenttothepark.

A.BeingafinedayB.BecausethefinedayC.ItwasafinedayD.Itbeinga

fineday

31.(l)Toallthepeopleherethehonourforthesuccess.

(2)ChinatheThirdWorldisadevelopingcountry.

A.belongB.belongsC.belongstoD.belongingto

32.(1)whattheschoolmastersaid,thegirl'sfaceturnedred.

(2)whattheschoolmastersaid,shewasencouraged.

A.AftersheheardB.AfterhearingC.TohearD.Tobeheard

33.(l)Doyourememberthepolicemanbefore?

A.seeingB.toseeC.sawD.tobeseen

(2)Pleaserememberyourhandsbeforedinner.

A.washedB.beingwashedC.towashD.washing

34.(l)Theletter"X"cananunknownnumber.

A.beusedtoexpressB.beusedtoexpressingC.usetoexpressD.use

forexpressing

(2)Johnsonupnow.

A.usedtogetB.isusedtogettingC.isusedtogetD.usedtogetting

35.(l)rildowhateverIcanmyEnglish.

A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving

(2)HesaidhecouldmewithmyEnglish.

A.tohelpB.helpingC.havehelpedD.help

36.(1)hearingthenews,herushedout.

A.OnB.InC.ByD.At

(2)Theyenjoyedthenewsofhissafereturn.

A.onB.inC.byD.at

37.(l)Shanghaiisin.

(2)Shanghaibelongsto.

A.theEastofChinaB.theeastofChinaC.EastChinaD.theEastChina

38.(1)fromBeijingtoShanghai!

(2)fromBeijingtoshanghai?

A.HowalongwayitisB.WhatalongwayisitC.HowfarisitD.Whata

longwayiiis

39.(l)Theyhaveinvitedustovisittheircountry,isverykindofthem.

A.thatB.itC.whichD.what

(2)Thcyhaveinvitedustovisittheircountry.isverykindofthem.

A.ThatB.ItC.WhichD.What

4O.(l)Therenobus,wehadtogobybike.

(2)Therenobus.Wehadtogobybike.

A.wasB.BeingC.hadD.is

41.(1)HeinsistedthatIwithhim.

A.wentB.goC.wouldgoD.going

(2)Sheinsistedthatshecorrect.

A.shouldbeB.beC.wasD.were

42.(1)AsyourspokenEnglishimproves,yourwrittenEnglish.

A.sodoesB.thuswillC.sowillD.doesso

(2)Helikesplayingfootball,hisbrother.

A.sowillB.sodoesC.doessoD.willso

43.(1)—Ihavenheardfromh