2020年煤炭科学总院考博英语真题

2020年煤炭科学总院考博英语真题一、Close1.Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga

“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I【A1】_____theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,after

all,whodoesn'twantto【A2】_____afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,

evenifIweren't【A3】_____enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour【A4】_____wasappealingenoughtome.He

wasaninternationalgrandmaster,which【A5】_____Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's【A6】_____.Icould

hardlywaitto【A7】_____him.

MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis【A8】_____wasnogame

forhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit【A9】_____thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.

Inorderto【A10】_____theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto【A11】_____what

wewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand【A1】_____toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat【A13】_____andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe【A14】_____.

TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe【A15】_____me:“theabsolute

mostimportant【A16】_____thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood【A17】_____.

Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto【A18】_____asituation,processwhatyouropponentisdoingand【A19】_____the

bestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy【A20】_____asajournalist.

（1）.【A1】______

A.putforward

B.jumpedat

√

C.triedout

D.turneddown（2）.【A2】______

A.waste

B.earn

C.save

√

D.pay（3）.【A3】______

A.excited

√

B.worried

C.moved

D.tired（4）.【A4】______

A.title

B.competitor

C.textbook

D.instructor

√（5）.【A5】______

A.urged

B.demanded

C.held

D.meant

√（6）.【A6】______

A.fastest

B.easiest

C.best

√

D.rarest（7）.【A7】______

A.interview

B.meet

√

C.challenge

D.beat（8）.【A8】______

A.chance

B.qualification

C.honor

D.job

√（9）.【A9】______

A.real

B.perfect

C.clear

√

D.possible（10）.【A10】______

A.attend

B.pass

√

C.skip

D.observe（11）.【A11】______

A.add

B.expose

C.apply

√

D.compare（12）.【A12】______

A.eventually

√

B.naturally

C.directly

D.normally（13）.【A13】______

A.game

B.presentation

C.course

√

D.experiment（14）.【A14】______

A.criterion

B.classroom

√

C.department

D.situation（15）.【A15】______

A.taught

√

B.wrote

C.questioned

D.promised（16）.【A16】______

A.fact

B.step

C.manner

D.skill

√（17）.【A17】______

A.grades

B.decisions

√

C.impressions

D.comments（18）.【A18】______

A.analyze

√

B.describe

C.rebuild

D.control（19）.【A19】______

A.announce

B.signal

√

C.block

D.evaluate（20）.【A20】______

A.role

√

B.desire

C.concern

D.behavior阅读2.

Justasthereareteacherswhosimplygothroughthemotionsanddragusthroughthematerialin

ordertocompletearequiredcourse,therearecompaniesandjobsandbossesthatdothesame.That

doesn'tmeanyouhavetolivewithit.Avoidthosefear-runworkplaces.Quitthosejobs.Askyour

friendsaboutwheretheywork,oraboutcompaniesthey'vereadaboutorheardaboutwherepassion,

excitement,andhumanenergyarevaluedaboveallelse.Inthoseplaces,youwillfindthatfearisnot

primarymotivatorforgettingtoresults.

AlthoughI'vefoundthatmostorganizationsdonotfocusontheirculture,therearealsoasignificant

numberofcompanieswhoarequiteclearaboutwhattheyaretryingtoachieve.Thosecompanies

haveamissionandapurposeinwhattheydo.Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednoton

themselves,butonthosetheyserve.Theyareworkingonsomethingmuchbiggerthanthemselves.I

learnedtolovemyjobbyconnectingittojoy:joyforourcustomers,joyfortheendusersofour

products,joyformyteam,andpersonaljoyinwhatweweredoing.

Manybelievethiskindofmissionfocuscanonlyoccurinthenon-profitworld.Thiscouldn'tbe

furtherfromthetruth.Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeand

small.Theyarestillrare,though,soitwon'tnecessarilybeeasytofindthem,butitisworthyour

timetopursuethissearch.SomeofyouwillbeinclinedtodowhatIultimatelydidandstartyour

ownfirm,withitsownmissionandpurpose.Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyet

selfishpursuit:IwantedtocreateacompanythatIloved.Icreatedmyownfulfillingjob,butit

wouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.

Tolearntoloveyourjob,it'simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.

Learningproducesjoy,regardlessoftheindustryyou'rein.Becomeastudentagain.Readbooks,

studyorganizations,andstretchyourselftotrynewthings.Ifyouareinatechnicalorasupportrole,

volunteerforsalessupportassignmentsandwatchhowyourcompanyinteractswithitscustomers.

Signupfortradeshowboothdutyandlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslike

yours.Learntopresentinfrontofothers.Signuptospeakatconferences,andthengolistentoother

speakers.Findtheideas,thepeopleandthecompaniesthatinspireyou.

（1）.Theauthor'spurposeinusingteachersasanexampleisto______.

A.emphasizethevalueofcommitment

B.showconcernforbadworkperformance

C.pointouttheimportanceofjobtraining

D.argueagainstfear-runworkplaces

√（2）.Theauthorfavorscompaniesthat______.

A.arebigandambitious

B.arecustomer-oriented

√

C.motivateemployeeswithrewards

D.focusontheirself-image

（3）.By“Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth”（Line1,Para.3）,theauthormeanshethinks______.

A.thenon-profitworldhashiddenrules

B.amissiontellstruthaboutacompany

C.thestatementisabsolutelyfalse

√

D.acompanytrulygoesafterprofits

（4）.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor'sjoyforhisjob?

A.Itdependslargelyonhisfreewillandselfishpursuit.

B.Itcomesfromthesatisfactionofpeopleinhiscompany.

√

C.Itenableshimtoinspirepeopleworkingaroundhim.

D.Itisbasedonhisownfirmbeliefinhisbusinessskills.

（5）.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeattheendofthepassage?

A.Seizeopportunitiestolearnonthejob.

√

B.Playavarietyofrolestobesuccessful.

C.Keepagoodrelationshipwithcustomers.

D.Seekotherfirmsthatneedyourskills.3.

Haveyouwinterizedyourhorseyet?Eventhoughglobalwarmingmayhavemadeourclimate

milder,manyanimalsarestillhibernating.It'stoobadthathumanscan'thibernate.Infact,asa

species,wealmostdid.

Apparently,attimesinthepast,peasantsinFrancelikedasemi-stateofhumanhibernation.So

writesGrahamRobb,aBritishscholarwhohasstudiedthesleepinghabitsoftheFrenchpeasants.As

soonastheweatherturnedcoldpeoplealloverFranceshutthemselvesawayandpracticedthe

forgottenartofdoingnothingatallformonthsonend.

Inlinewiththis,JeffWarren,aproduceratCBCRadio'sTheCurrent,tellsusthatthewaywesleep

haschangedfundamentallysincetheinventionofartificiallightingandtheelectricbulb.

WhenhistoriansbeganstudyingtextsoftheMiddleAges,theynoticedsomethingreferredtoas

“firstsleep”,whichwasnotclarified,though.Nowscientistsaretellingusourancestorsmostlikely

sleptinseparateperiods.Thebusinessofeighthours'uninterruptedsleepisamoderninvention.

Inthepast,withouttheartificiallightofthecitytobathein,humanswenttosleepwhenitbecame

darkandthenwokethemselvesaroundmidnight.Thelatenightperiodwasknownas“TheWatch”.

Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimals,althoughmanyofthemsimplymoved

aroundorvisitedfamilyandneighbors.

Accordingtosomesleepresearchers,ashortperiodofinsomniaatmidnightisnotadisorder.Itis

normal.Humanscanexperienceanotherstateofconsciousnessaroundtheirsleeping,whichoccurs

inthebriefperiodbeforewefallasleeporwakeourselvesinthemorning.Thisperiodcanbean

extraordinarilycreativetimeforsomepeople.Theimpressiveinventor,ThomasEdison,usedthis

statetohituponmanyofhisnewideas.

Playingwithyoursleeprhythmscanbeadventurous,asanxietymaysetin.Medicalsciencedoesn't

helpmuchinthiscase.Itoffersusmedicinesforafullnight'scontinuoussleep,whichsoundsnatural;

however,accordingtoWarren'stheory,itisreallytheoppositeofwhatweneed.

（1）.TheexampleoftheFrenchpeasantsshowsthefactthat______.

A.peoplemightbecomelazyasaresultoftoomuchsleep

B.thereweresignsofhibernationinhumansleepinghabits

√

C.peopletendedtosleepmorepeacefullyincoldweather

D.winterwasaseasonforpeopletosleepformonthsonend

（2）.Thelatenightwascalled“TheWatch”becauseitwasatimeforpeople______.

A.tosettrapstocatchanimals

B.towakeuptheirfamilyandneighbors

C.toremindothersofthetime

D.toguardagainstpossibledangers

√（3）.ThomasEdisoniscitedtoshow______.

A.insomniaisharmfultopeople

B.humanbeingcannotovercomeinsomnia

C.ashortperiodofconsciousnessduringsleepingisnormalforhumanbeing

√

D.greatscientistsmustsleeplesstomakegreatinventions（4）.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodo?

A.Sleepinthewayanimalsdo.

B.Consultadoctoriftheycan'tsleep.

C.Followtheirnaturalsleeprhythm.

√

D.Keeptotheeight-hoursleeppattern.

（5）.Whatismostpossiblythesourceofthisarticle?

A.scientificjournals

√

B.historybooks

C.sciencefictions

D.fairytales4.

Withallthewars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,it'snotonlynecessary,butalso

essentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.

Puttingasmileonsomeone'sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdowninthedumps,asthesaying

goes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.

Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-worker,

neighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?I

amalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon'tknowthepersonI'mjoking

aroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjob

anyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesyto

speaktoothersthatarearoundyou.

Iknowofafewpeoplethatdon'thaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheysay.Everyonearound

themcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithoutthe

slightestsmileontheirface.Theydon'tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.Iambustingagutwhile

theyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace.Howcanpeoplenotgetareallyfunny

joke?

Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfind

ourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoing

crazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofinda

waytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineisto

gettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.

（1）.Accordingtotheauthor,humorisusefulintheaspectthat______.

A.itmakespeoplemoreconfident

B.itcanpickuppeople'sspirits

√

C.itcanhelpgetridofthecrueltyintheworld

D.itcanhelppeoplegetonwellwithothers

（2）.TheauthoranswersthequestioninParagraph2with______.

A.factsanddescriptions

B.evidenceandargument

C.examplesandconclusion

√

D.storiesandpersuasion

（3）.Thephrase“bustingagut”inParagraph3canbereplacedby______.

A.explainingcarefully

B.speakingloud

C.keepingsilent

D.laughinghard

√（4）.Whichisnotmentionedasafunctionhumorplaysinlife?

A.Humorcanreducestress.

B.Humorhelpstolandajoboffer.

√

C.Humorcandrivesadnessaway.

D.Humorcanmakeyourfamilyhappy.

（5）.Inwritingthepassage,theauthormainlyintendsto______.

A.talkabouthisownunderstandingofhumor

B.encouragepeopletobehumorousindailylife

√

C.introduceapracticalwaytogetthroughdailylife

D.convincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimisticaboutlife5.

PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportant

truthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindof

organization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetition

thanotherinstitutionsinsociety.Sincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressand

prosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnot

onlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,

equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.

Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.

Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompeting

businesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'

dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisa

monopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveof

freedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusiness

leadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportantas,orevenmore

importantthan,democracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheideaofequalityofopportunity.

Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessof

hisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmerican

alternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpression

oftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

（1）.Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans“______”.

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

√

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

（2）.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly______.

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

√（3）.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

A.Honestbusinessmen

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers

√

C.Peoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedom

D.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment

（4）.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby______.

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

√

B.itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership

（5）.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves______.

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

√

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountries

D.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica语法6.​Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand________

question:Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

A.compelling

√

B.component

C.competent

D.compulsive7.Whenitworks,itcanbefantastic,butcanveryeasily________

intoanightmareofthemostseriousproportions.

A.backwash

B.backdate

C.backlash

D.backfire

√8.Alcoholscanalso________

judgmenttotheextentthatyoumaynotmakethebestorbrightestdecisionsinacoldweatheremergency.

A.impart

B.impact

√

C.impair

D.impose9.Putbothvegetablesintoabowland________

withapotatomasher.

A.crash

B.crush

√

C.clash

D.crack10.Afewmonthsofgrooming,mentorsandfounderscanthen________

hundredsofpeopletowatchtheircompany'sofficialintroductiontosociety.

A.summon

√

B.unite

C.gather

D.assemble11.Thiswillallowourcitizenstobuildconnectionswithpeoplesoverseasandtodevelopskillsandcontactsthatwillhelpthem________

intheglobaleconomy.

A.survive

√

B.strive

C.thrive

D.stride12.Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand________

peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.

A.rough

B.plastic

C.harsh

D.resilient

√13.Thereisariskthat________

chemicalsmightbeblastedintotheatmosphere.

A.destructive

√

B.toxic

C.evil

D.vicious14.Asnoted,amongthosewhowerecognitivelynormalatthestartofthestudy,________

alcoholdrinkersappearedtobeprotectedagainstdementia.

A.moderate

√

B.minimum

C.medium

D.middle15.Howcometheyhavethefreedomtodisruptand________

thetorchrelay,whereasOlympic-lovingpeoplehavenotthefreedomtowelcomethetorch?

A.destruct

B.destroy

C.sabotage

√

D.damage16.Thediscussionquickly________

intoanangryargument.

A.deteriorated

√

B.aggravated

C.increase

D.declined17.Someparents________

educationwithexamsuccess.

A.equal

B.equate

√

C.equalize

D.equality18.I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit________.

A.decreases

B.contracts

C.constringes

D.shrinks

√19.Thenewpolicieswill________

ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.

A.hide

B.hinder

√

C.hint

D.hind20.Holdersofdeferredshareshavenorightstovoteatgeneralmeetingsorreceiveany________.

A.divisive

B.divide

C.dividend

√

D.division21.The________

fortravellingwithoutaticketis£200.

A.penal

B.panel

C.panelize

D.penalty

√22.Alltheevidence________

thathestolethemoney.

A.recommends

B.proposes

C.suggests

√

D.advises23.Thelawcan________

fatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.

A.compel

√

B.comply

C.complain

D.combine24.Apieceofglasswasembedded________

herhand.

A.with

B.within

C.in

√

D.inside25.Soilonthemountainslopesisverysusceptible________

erosion.

A.of

B.to

√

C.with

D.by翻译26.SectionATranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.SpaceXwillsendaspacesuit-cladcrashtestdummytotheInternationalSpaceStationaspartofa

trialflightforitsCrewDragonspacecraft.Themissionwilltakeplaceon2Marchandwillalso

deliversuppliestocrewaboardtheISS.Anarrayofsensorsbuiltintothemannequin'ssuitwillhelp

providekeydataaheadofthefirsthumanpassengersgoingaboardthecapsulelaterthisyear.

Mr.Muskreveale