大脑结构解剖图

TheTelencephalon山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华1.ExternalfeatureThetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferior2.Threeprincipalsulci

Centralsulcus

中央沟Lateralsulcus外侧沟Parietooccipitalsulcus顶枕沟CentralsulcusLateralsulcusParietooccipitalsulcus3.

Fivelobes

Frontallobe额叶Parietallobe顶叶Temporallobe颞叶Occipitallobe枕叶Insularlobe岛叶FrontallobeParietallobeOccipitallobeTemporallobeInsularlobe4.SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfaceFrontallobe:

Precentralsulcus中央前沟Superiorfrontalsulcus额上沟Inferiorfrontalsulcus额下沟Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus额上回Middlefrontalgyrus额中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus额下回5.SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

6.Parietallobe:

Postcentralsulcus中央后沟

Postcentralgyrus中央后回

Intraparietalsulcus顶内沟

Superiorparietallobule顶上小叶

Inferiorparietallobule顶下小叶

Supramarginalgyrus缘上回

Angulargyrus角回7.SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Intraparietalsulcus8.Temporallobe:

Superiortemporalsulcus颞上沟Inferiortemporalsulcus颞下沟Superiortemporalgyrus颞上回

Middletemporalgyrus颞中回

Inferiortemporalgyrus颞下回

Transversetemporalgyri颞横回9.SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

10.Transversetemporalgyri11.SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

12.Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum胼胝体

Callosalsulcus胼胝体沟

Cingulatesulcus扣带沟Cingulategyrus扣带回Marginalramus缘支Paracentrallobule中央旁小叶Calcarinesulcus距状沟Cuneus楔叶

Lingualgyrus舌回13.Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum

Callosalsulcus

cingulategyrus

Cingulatesulcus

Marginalramus

Paracentrallobule

Calcarinesulcus

CuneusParietooccipitalsulcusLingualgyrus14.Sulciandgyriofinferiorsurface

Hippocampalformation

海马结构15.InferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulb

Olfactorytract

Olfactorytrigone

Anteriorperforatedsubstance

Collateralsulcus

OccipitotemporalsulcusMedialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri

Parahippocampalgyrus

Uncus

16.HippocampusDentategyrus

Hippocampalformation

17.Histologyofthecerebralcortex3celllayers6celllayers18.19.Functionallocationofcerebralcortex20.Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule21.Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区Characters

Representationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovements22.Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区Position－liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule23.Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody24.Auditoryarea听区LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears25.Visualarea视区26.Vestibulararea平衡觉区:locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅觉区:locatedneartheuncusTastearea味觉区:locatedatfrontaloperculum27.Languagearea语言中枢Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea

运动性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea

书写中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea

听觉性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea

视觉性语言中枢LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexia28.Lateralventricle

侧脑室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobeInternalstructures29.Communicationlateralventricle→interventricularforamen→thirdventricle30.Basalnuclei基底核Corpusstriatum纹状体Lentiformnucleus豆状核

Caudatenucleus尾状核Claustrum屏状核Amygdaloidbody杏仁体Globuspallidus苍白球putamen壳Neostriatum新纹状体－paleostriatum旧纹状体31.32.Whitematter33.Commissuralfibers连合纤维－runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝体:rostrum,genu,trunk,spleniumAnteriorcommissure前连合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆连合34.Projectionfibers投射纤维:connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibers

InternalcapsulePosition:athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus,thalamusandlentiformnucleus35.36.ThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

内囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule内囊膝Isangleatwhich