专题01 名词（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义全国适用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习（原卷版及全解全析）

/专题01名词目录目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一名词的功能先了解1.名词是语言中表示人、事物、地点、概念或抽象想法名称的词。2.名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、补语或状语。3.名词的分类：普通名词和专有名词；普通名词又分可数名词(个体名词＋集体名词)和不可数名词(物质名词＋抽象名词)。划重点1.名词的数；2.名词的所有格；3.名词作定语；4.名词后缀名词可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语1.作主语Theyoungwomanplayedanimportantpartinthematter.那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。Thecouplehadbothgonetowork,soitwasstrangethatsomeonewasoverthere.这对夫妇都去上班了，所以有人在那里很奇怪。2.作宾语（1）作及物动词的直接宾语Imetyourelderbrotherinthestreet.我在街上碰见你哥哥了。HaveyoufinishedthelettertoJane?你写完给珍的信了吗？（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。Itoldmystudentsafunnystory.我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。Sheaskedthedoctoranotherquestion.她问了医生另一个问题。（3）作介词的宾语。After20years’traveling,hesettleddowninLiangxiang.二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。Doyoustillaskyourparentsformoney?你还向爸妈要钱吗？3.作表语It’sagoodideatoplanttreeshere.在这里栽些树是个好主意。Sheisnowaprofessorwhileherhusbandremainsaworker.也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。4.作宾语的补足语TheyelectedTomheadoftheworkshop.他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）TheoldmancalledmyuncleXiaoLi.老人喊我叔叔小李。5.作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。序号用法例词1表示地点、时间、材料、用途、类别、性别等的名词常用来作定语cottongoods(棉织品)historyteacher(历史老师)paperfactory(纸厂)telephonenumber(电话号码)LondonAirport(伦敦机场)MoscowStadium(莫斯科体育场)summerholiday(暑假)acoffeecup(咖啡杯)abookcase(书箱)sciencefiction(科幻小说)aweatherreport(天气预报)apeaceconference(和平会议)aresearchproject(研究项目)2名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但个别情况下仍需用复数salesplan(销售计划)customsofficer(海关人员)clothesline(晾衣绳)anArtsdegree(文科学位)careersguidance(就业指导)savingsbank(储蓄银行)agreetingstelegram(问候电报)animalrightsgroup(动物权益组织)3含有合成名词作定语时名词用单数形式afive-poundnote(5英镑的钞票)asix-minutewalk(6分钟的路程)athree-foot-hightable(3英尺高的桌子)athree-footedtable(3条腿的桌子)4(wo)man作定语修饰名词复数时应变为(wo)men而boy/girl用作定语时，总是用单数amandoctor(一个男医生)twomendoctors(两个男医生)awoman'sdress(一件女式衣服)threewomen'sdresses(三件女式衣服)aboybaby(一个男婴)twoboybabies(两个男婴)5名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别agoldchain(金表链)thegoldensunshine(金色的阳光)hearttrouble(心脏病)aheartywelcome(热诚的欢迎)economymeasures(节约措施)economicmeasures(经济措施)6.作状语时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。Thesoldierswalked50kilometersatanight.战士们一夜行军五十公里Yoursuitcaseweighs10kilograms.你的手提箱重10千克。7.作同位语Mr.Smith,ourleader,isspeakingnow.史密斯先生，我们的领导，正在讲话。考点二名词的数1.规则变化变化①一般名词词尾加­sstudent→students学生toy→toys玩具map→maps地图car→cars汽车book→books书idea→ideas想法month→months月house→houses房子变化②以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加－esglass→glasses眼镜box→boxes箱子brush→brushes毛笔match→matches比赛dish→dishes饭菜watch→watches手表*stomach→stomachs胃—变化③以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词，变y为i加­escity→cities城市baby→babies婴儿enemy→enemies敌人country→countries国家story→stories故事activity→activities活动如果是元音字母＋y结尾，则直接加­skey→keys答案boy→boys男孩变化④以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v加­esthief→thieves小偷wife→wives妻子life→lives生命self→selves自我shelf→shelves架子loaf→loaves条wolf→wolves狼knife→knives刀子half→halves一半leaf→leaves叶子但有些词只加－s:chief→chiefs首领roof→roofs屋顶proof→proofs证据belief→beliefs信仰还有些词，有两种复数形式：scarf→scarfs/scarves围巾hoof→hoofs/hooves蹄变化⑤以o结尾的名词，有生命的，常加­es；无生命的，加­shero→heroes英雄potato→potatoes土豆tomato→tomatoes西红柿zoo→zoos动物园zero→zeros零piano→pianos钢琴tobacco→tobaccos烟草photo→photos照片radio→radios收音机video→videos录像*bamboo→bamboos竹子*volcano→volcano(e)s火山*mosquito→mosquito(e)s蚊子2．不规则变化规则①单复数同形deer鹿fish鱼sheep羊cattle牛means方法aircraft飞机；航空器series系列species物种police警察Chinese中国人Japanese日本人*German→Germans德国人规则②改变单词内部的元音foot→feet脚；英尺tooth→teeth牙齿man→men人mouse→mice老鼠goose→geese鹅woman→women女人规则③特殊变形ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童basis→bases基础crisis→crises危机medium→media媒体bacterium→bacteria细菌datum→data数据analysis→analyses分析3．复合名词的复数形式变化①主体名词改为复数，没有主体名词的在词尾加­spasser­by→passers­by过路人looker­on→lookers­on旁观者step­father→step­fathers继父grown­up→grown­ups成年人go­between→go­betweens中间人boyfriend→boyfriends男朋友变化②含有man，woman时，将其中的man，woman变为复数newspaperman→newspapermen记者chairman→chairmen主席主体词被man和woman修饰时，这两个词要连同主体词一起变复数：mancook→mencooks男厨师womandoctor→womendoctors女医生4．只有复数形式的名词类别①由两个相同的部分构成的一个物件的名词scissors剪刀trousers裤子compasses圆规scales天平glasses眼镜gloves手套earphones耳机—注意：twopairsoftrousers“两条裤子”；apairofglasses“一副眼镜”类别②以­ing结尾的名词belongings所属物savings节省下来的东西surroundings周围的环境findings研究发现earnings挣来的钱sufferings受难不可数名词类别①常考的不可数名词news新闻word消息fun乐趣information信息weather天气advice建议progress进步equipment设备furniture家具luggage/baggage行李类别②物质名词的复数现象arm胳膊→arms武器good好的→goods货物paper纸张→papers论文，试卷wood木头→woods树林time时间→times时代wish希望→wishes祝福spirit精神→spirits情绪lesson功课→lessons教训 youth青春→youths年轻人ground地面→grounds理由cloth布→clothes衣服sight视力→sights景观green绿色→greens蔬菜age年龄→ages很长一段时间wind风→winds风向，方位line线路→lines台词类别③集体名词的数只有单数形式却表示复数意义的集体名词：people人们police警察cattle牛有单复数变形的集体名词(根据语境判断单复数)：family家庭，家人class班级，班级同学team队，队员public公共场合，公众government政府，政府人员crowd人群，人们group小组，小组人员—注意：表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时，可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词，可以与a/an连用，常见的这类词有：例词抽象意义具体化意义例词抽象意义具体化意义success成功成功的人或事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事danger危险危险的人或事物delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情物质名词的复数现象arm胳膊--arms武器grass草--grasses草原paper纸--papers论文，试卷wood木头--woods树林cloth布--clothes衣服iron铁--irons熨斗water水--waters水域time时间--times时代；次数wind--winds风向；季风rain雨--rains雨季line线路--lines台词fruit水果--fruits多种水果考点三名词所有格名词的所有格表示所有关系，它有两种形式：一是由名词词尾加's构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。's所有格的构成：1.主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系，一般是名词词尾加-'s。John'shome约翰的家;2.表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。atthebarber’s在理发店attheteacher’s在老师办公室3.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。students'textbooks学生们的课本;4.词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。children'sgame孩子们的游戏。5.用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。Tom’sandJim’srooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。TomandJim’sroom.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。2.'s所有格的用法：序号用法例词1表示时间aweek'stime,fiveweeks'holiday2表示距离tenmiles'distance3表示自然现象theEarth'sgravity,thetree'sbranches4表示国家、城市等地方的名词theworld'spopulation,China'sfuture5表示工作群体thecommittee'sdecision,theteam'svictory6表示度量衡及价值amile'sjourney,fivedollars'worthofapples7表示拟人awolfinsheep'sclothing8某些固定词组atarm'slength,abird'seyeview,astone'sthrow,atone'swit'send(黔驴技穷),forfriendship'ssake3.of所有格的用法：表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。thecontentofthenovel小说的内容thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字thewindowoftheroom房间的窗户thecostofliving生活成本；thenewsofsuccess捷报；thewindowoftheroom房间的窗户练4.名词的双重所有格——of＋名词性物主代词或名词的'safriendofmine我的一个朋友afriendofmyfather's我父亲的一个朋友考点一：名词作定语Inthisreport,thePrimeMinisteronceagainreferredtothe(house)problemsinbigcities.例2．BringyourcompletedVolunteer(agree)Form.例3．Ontheceremony,Irepresentedallthegraduatestogiveaspeech.(graduate)

1．Iamfillinginan(apply)formforanewjob.2．Wewilllearn(survive)skillsintheadventurecamp.3．Thehotelrequiresgueststofillouta(register)formuponarrival.4．For(safe)reasons,allvisitorsmustpassthroughametaldetector.5．Thehoteloffersavarietyof(accommodate)options,includingsuites,rooms,andapartments.考点二：名词的数例1．Eachofusmusttake(responsible)forourownactions.例2．Ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfrom(anxious).例3．Whenyousavemoneyonthese(purchase),eachdiscountonlyhappensonce.1．Therewereapparent(agreement)betweentheirstories.2．Eachweek,(participate)willbeaskedtocompleteatopic-specificreflectiontask.3．Ifastudentlacksthe(motivate)tostudy,heorshewillquicklybecometiredofstudying.4．It’sbad(behave)foramantosmokeinpublicplaceswheresmokingisn’tallowed.5．Shewaspickedoutfrom(dozen)ofstudentstoparticipateinthecompetitiononbehalfoftheschool.考点三：名词的所有格例1．Labubu’sriseintegrates(China)strongmanufacturingbasewithcreativeinnovation,tappingintotheemotionalneedsofglobalconsumers.例2．Thoughsomedoubtedthe(experiment)safety,Franklin'sworkadvancedthestudyofelectricity.Hiscontributionsremaininfluentialinscience.例3．Inthatsense,theyarecloserto(mammal)brainsthanotherreptiles’brains.1．Protecting(consumer)rightsisessentialforafairmarket.2．Thereisnodoubtthatthis(candidate)strengthliesinhisabilitytodealwithconflictsintheworkplace.3．The(waist)measurementiscrucialforthisdresstofitwell.4．Itisunwisetounderestimateyour(opponent)strengthandintelligence.5．Jiaozicouldbestuffedwithdifferentkindsofmeatandvegetablesaccordingto(people)favouritetastes.一、单项选择1．Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam(束)oflightontothetown’scentral________,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters…Thetownsquarewastotallyfull.A．library B．hall C．square D．street2．Theteacherfirstcheckediftheboystudentunderstoodthe_______ofthearticle,andthenaskedifhewas

_______withhisownsummary.A．content;content B．contents;contentC．contents;contents D．content;contents3．The_______moviemadethelittlegirlscream,andshecouldn’thideher_______whenshetalkedaboutitlater.A．fright;frightened B．frightening;frightC．frightened;frightening D．fright;frightening4．LiMingisagame________,andhisfatherhasbeentryingtopreventhimfrom________tocomputergames.A．addict,addicting B．addict,beingaddictedC．addict,beingaddicting D．addicted,addicting5．Ididnotgetthe______thattheywereunhappyaboutthesituation.A．impressive B．impression C．impressed D．impressing6．Jerrywokeupearlyand________outofthedoorinher________tomeethernewfriendsatthegateofherseniorhighA．rushed;eagerness B．rushing;eager C．rushed;eagerly D．rush;eagerness7．WhenIreturnedhome,mymotheraskedme______whathadcausedmy______.A．anxious,anxiously B．anxiously,anxiety C．anxiety,anxiously D．anxiety,anxious8．Themagician’sincredibletricklefttheaudienceinastateof________,astheywere________byhis________skillandactsheperformedrightbeforetheireyes.A．astonishment;astonished;astonishing B．astonishment;astonishing;astonishedC．astonishing;astonished;astonishment D．astonished;astonishing;astonishment9．The______showsthatmorepeoplearewillingtoembracedifferentculturesnow.A．conveyB．communicateC．statisticD．boundary10．Therearemanymodelsofplacesof________fromallovertheworldintheWorldPark.A．interest B．interesting C．interested D．moreinteresting11．Heworkshardandisoften________.Ihopehewillhavemore________athisbusiness.A．successful;success B．success;successfulC．successfully;successful D．successful;successful12．—It’ssaidthatthetwo________doctorshavejustcomebackfromShanghai.—Yeah.Iknowthem.Theyarebothalreadyintheir________.A．woman;forty B．women;fortieth C．women;forties D．woman;forties13．I’mgoingonholidayonthe12th.Ihavetobebackforworkonthe26th.SoI’vegottwo________holiday.A．weeks B．week’s C．weeks’ D．week二、单句语法填空1.ButwhatmakesthisAsianrenaissance?Theanswerliesinauniqueblendofvisionaryleadership,economicgrowthandacultureofdisciplineand(resolve).2.Acompany_________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingovertheplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.3.TestifyingbeforeaSenateJudiciarycommitteethisweek,Altman“advocatedanumberof(regulate)—includinganewgovernmentagencychargedwithcreatingstandards”forAI.4.Duringavisitearlierthisyeartothecrowdedandnoisymarketinthe(city)Wuningsubdistrict,MaoFenghua,headofthelocaltradeunionfederation,foundachilddoinghomeworknearastreetstall.5.Itisbelievedthat_______(today)childrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.6.Daily(necessity)andfarmingitemshadtobedeliveredbycart.7.LiZiqi,oneofthemostpopular_________(influence)inChina,madeadramaticreturntosocialmediaafterathree-yearhiatus,capturingtheworld’sattentionfromhomeandabroad.8.Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful.9.Forinstance,manypeoplesentNewYear’s(greet)totheirrelativesthroughsocialmediaratherthanvisitingtheminpersonandinsteadwenttocinemasorplayedonlinegamesforfuninpreferencetogoingtodinnerpartiesorplayingmahjongwiththeiroldpals.一、阅读理解A（2025高三·广东·学业考试）MengXiangwascrazyaboutfilmsandmusicduringhischildhood.Whenhestartedcollege,hedreamedtomakefilmsthatcouldcombinehisloveforstorytellingandinterestinmusic.Hisbiggestchallengecamewhenheplannedtomakeafilmaboutatennisplayer.Sincenoonewouldofferhimmoneyfora2-hourfilm,Mengandhiscollegefriendstriedtomakeashorterone.Theyboughtasecond-handcameraandusedoldthingsinsteadofexpensiveequipment.Theyevenmadeashelfontheirowntosupportthecamera.Mengandhisfriendsworkedhard,rainorshine.Whenfilmingthetennisplayer,theyranafterhiminthesummersun.Ifitrainedandtheycouldn’tfilmoutside,theyhungbedsheets(床单)onthewallsinanemptyroomtosetupasimplestudio(摄影棚).This12-minutefilmgotmuchattention.Theteachersandstudentsintheircollegelikedthemusictheycreatedforit.Afterthat,Menghadanotheridea:tomakeamusicalfilm.Butmusicalsweren’tpopularincollege,andmanysaiditwouldn’twork.Insteadoflisteningtothedoubts,Mengandhisteamspentweekswritingnewsongsandmakingatestvideo.Tofilmthemovingscenes,theyfixedasmartphoneonaskateboardandpushedit.Theactors’hairwasblowinginthewindwhiletheyweredancingandsinging.Theloudvoiceandlaughteroftheteamfilledtheair.Theirmusicalfilmwaswellreceivedandwonseveralawardsatafilmfestival.AsMengsaid,“Makingfilmsisn’tabouthavingthebestequipmentorfamousactors.It’saboutfindingnewwaystotellyourstory.Ourteamisplanningtomakeaspecialdocumentaryabouttheenvironment.AndIcan’twaittowritemusicforit.”1．HowwouldMengcombinehishobbiesaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Bycreatingmusic. B．Bystartingateam.C．Bygoingtocollege. D．Byproducingfilms.2．Whatwastheteam’sbiggestchallenge?A．Fewpartners. B．People’sdoubts.C．Themoneyproblem. D．Longworkingtime.3．WhydidMeng’steamsetupasimplestudio?A．Toworkonrainydays. B．Togetmuchattention.C．Tofollowthetennisplayer. D．Tofilmamovingscene.4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastsentenceofparagraph4?A．Theactorswerepopular. B．Theteamenjoyedtheprocess.C．Mengwantedtomakeanotherfilm. D．Thestudentshadgoodequipment.5．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ToSeeIstoBelieve B．SuccessComesFromHonestyC．MusicIstheBestLanguage D．HardWorkMakesDreamWorkB（2025高三·广东·学业考试）Istheworldtoocrowded?Well,that’sahardquestiontoanswer.It’sallamatterofperspective(视角).InMontana,youmightdriveforamileinanydirectionandnotseeanotherhumanbeing.InMacao,60,000peopleliveineverysquaremile!Whatistrueisthattheworld’spopulationdoesn’tstaythesame.Ithasbeenincreasingataveryfastrate(速度).That’sinpartbecauseineachgenerationtherearemorepeoplewhothenhavechildrenthaninthelastgeneration.Fivehundredyearsago,thepopulationoftheworldwasabout460million.Inthe1920s,theworld’spopulationwasunder2.5billion.Rightnowitisdoublingevery40years.Thatmeans,ifthisrateofgrowthcontinues,whenyouareaparent,therewillbetwiceasmanypeopleontheearthastherearenow.Wow!Nowthat’sawholelotofpeople!Soontheworld’spopulationwillprobablyreach7billion.Somepeopleworryaboutthat!Butthereisalotofdisagreementaboutjusthowmanypeopleontheearthequalstoomanypeople.Buteveryoneagreesthatthemorepeoplethereare,themoreresourcestheworldneedstofeed,houseandtakecareofallofthem,andthemoreneedthereistothinkcarefullyabouthowweliveandusetheearth’sresources.6．Fromthefirstparagraphwecanknowthat________.A．Montanaistoocrowded B．MacaoistoocrowdedC．theworldistoocrowded D．theworldisnottoocrowded7．Thepopulationisincreasingfastpartlybecause________.A．peoplelivelongerthanbeforeB．therearefewerwarsthanbeforeC．medicineisdevelopingfasterthanbeforeD．morecouplesnowwouldliketohavechildrenthanbefore8．Whatwastheworld’spopulation100yearsago?A．About2.5billion. B．450million.C．40billion. D．7billion.9．Thewriterthinksthatwiththepopulationincreasing,weshould________.A．findmoreresources B．usemoreresourcesC．thinkaboutourwaysofliving D．movetootherplaces10．Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatthewriter________.A．thinkstheworlddoesn’thavetoomanypeopleB．thinkstheworldcanfeednomorethan7billionpeopleC．isnotsurewhentheworld’spopulationwillreach7billionD．isnotsurewhatthelargestpopulationthattheworldcanfeedisC（2025高二上·湖南·学业考试）61-year-oldfarmerCliffYoungshowedupatthemostdifficultraceinAustralia—875kilometers—inoverallsandgumboots(工业裤和橡胶靴).Hewentontowininrecordtimewithoutanytraining,prevailingoverthebestathletes.Astheracebegan,therunnersleftClifffarbehind.Manypeoplemusthavethought:Cliffwouldsoondropout.Butwhenotherracerstookabreaktogetsomesleepbeforethenexttiringday,Cliffkepton,makingupdistancetotheleaders.Hethoughtaboutherding(放牧)sheeptonewgrassland,ataskthattookthreestraightdaysandnights.Hekepthimselfawakebyimagininghewasherdinghissheep.Clifffinishedtheraceinfivedays,11hours,afulltwodaysfasterthanthepreviousrecord.Hebecamefamousovernight.Notonlydidhehimselfrunsofarwithsolittleexperienceandsleep,buthealsodividedtheprizemoneyequallyamongtherace’stoprunners.Hesaidhedidn’tknowtherewasprizemoneyandfeltbadacceptingit.“ThoseotherrunnersworkedashardasIdid,”heexplained.Heneverranforfame(名誉)ormoney.Hesimplywantedtoseehowwellhecoulddo.Today,amemorial(纪念碑)intheshapeofagumbootstandsintheBeechForestwhereCliffgrewup.Inlaterlong-distanceraces,professionalrunnerstookupCliff’senergy-savingwayofrunning.ButwhatCliffYoungwillberememberedformostishisbigheart.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“prevailingover”inparagraph1mean?A．Beating. B．Meeting. C．Teaching. D．Moving.12．WhatmethoddidCliffusetostayawakeduringtherace?A．Drinkingstrongcoffeeeveryhour.B．Takingashortbreakwhilewalking.C．Imagininghewastendingsheep.D．Listeningtoenergeticmusic.13．WhydidCliffdividetheprizemoneyamongotherrunners?A．Hethoughttheydeserveditequally. B．Hewantedtobecomemorefamous.C．Theracerulesrequiredsharing. D．Heneededtheirfriendship.14．WhatdidprofessionalrunnersadoptfromCliff’sapproach?A．Histrainingschedule. B．Hisenergy-savingrunningstyle.C．Hisprize-sharingmethod. D．Hisinspiringspeeches.D（2025高二上·湖南·学业考试）Wakeupearlyenoughanddependingonwhereyoulive,you’lllikelyhearapleasantgroupofbirdssingingtheirtinyheartsout.Thisisnaturalbehaviorforbirds.AccordingtotheWoodlandTrust,thisearlysingingisknownasthedawnchorus(黎明合唱),anditcanstartasearlyas4a.m.andlastforseveralhours.Birdsdoittoattractmates(配偶)andwarnotherbirdstostayawayfromtheirarea.Oneideaaboutwhybirdschoosetheearlyhourstocommunicatetheseimportantmessagesisthatthelowvisibility(能见度)makesithardforthemtodootheractivities.Tokeeptheiractivitylevellow,theychoosetosinginstead.Anotherideaarguesthatbirdsusethemorningsongstoprojectanimageofstrength.Bysinging,they’relettingotherbirdsknowtheysurvivedthenight—nocertaintyinnature—andwouldmakeforanexcellentmate.Likeagoodrecordingstudio,theearlymorninghoursalsoallowbirdstosendaclearsongthankstothecooler,drierair.Becausebirdshaveuniquesounds,theclearnesshelpsthembemoreeasilyidentifiedbybirdswithinlisteningdistance.Thereusedtobeacommonideathatbirdssangsomuchinthemorningsbecausethesoundscouldtravelgreaterdistancesduetolessnoise,butitwasdisprovenbyresearchersattheUniversityofWesternOntario.Theyplayedrecordingsofsparrows—smallbrownandgreybirds—atdawnandmidday.Thesongsdidn’ttravelfarther,buttheyweremoreconsistent(持续的).15．Whydobirdssingduringlowvisibilityintheearlymorning?A．Becausetheycannotseeenemiesclearly.B．Becausetheycannotdootheractivitieseasily.C．Becausetheyneedtopracticesinging.D．Becausetheywanttoconfuseotherbirds.16．Howdoesthecoolmorningairbenefitbirdsongs?A．Itmakessongslouder. B．Itmakessongsspreadmorequickly.C．Ithelpssongssoundclearer. D．Itattractsmoreinsectsforfood.17．Whatwastheoriginalexplanationforbirdssingingmoreinthemorning?A．Toattractmatesandshowtheirhomearea. B．Tocommunicatewithotheranimals.C．Tomakesoundstravelfarther. D．Tobemoreenergeticatdawn.18．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Thediscoveryofanewspeciesofsparrowanditssinginghabits.B．Whybirdssingmoreatdawnandpossibleexplanations.C．Thenegativeeffectsofhumannoiseonbirdcommunication.D．Theroleoftemperatureindeterminingthequalityofbirdsongs.二．七选五（2025高三·广东·学业考试）TheartofChineseknotting,orZhongguoJie,hasalonghistoryinChina.ItisauniqueformoftraditionalChinesehandicraft(手工艺).19Theseknotswereusedtorecordeventsandinformationinancienttimes.Astimewentby,Chineseknottingdevelopedintoadecorativeart.ThematerialsformakingChineseknotsareusuallycolorfulsilkthreads.20Theycanbemadeintodifferentshapeslikebutterflies,flowers,andluckysymbols.Eachknothasitsownspecialmeaning.Forexample,adouble-coinknotrepresentswealth.21First,thecrafterchoosestherightsilkthreadsaccordingtothedesign.Then,differentknottingtechniquesareusedtocreatethebasicshapes.Finally,thecraftercombinestheseshapestoformacompleteChineseknot.Inthepast,Chineseknotswereoftengivenasgiftsduringfestivals.22Today,theyarenotonlypopularinChinabutalsolovedbypeoplearoundtheworld.Theycanbeseeninmanyplaces,suchashomes,shops,andartgalleries.23ManyschoolsandcommunitiesholdChineseknottingclassestoteachthistraditionalarttoyoungpeople.Inthisway,morepeoplecanlearnaboutChineseknottingandhelpkeepthisculturalheritagealive.A．MakingaChineseknotinvolvesseveralsteps.B．Inancienttimes,peoplemadesimpleknotswithropes.C．Peoplebelievethattheycanbringgoodluckandhappiness.D．Thesethreadsareeasytoshapeandcanbeknottedindifferentways.E．ChineseknottinghasbecomeasymbolofChinesetraditionalculture.三、完形填空（2024高三上·广东肇庆·学业考试）通读下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后，从每小题的四个选项中选出可填入相应空白处的最佳选项。Nearlyeverybodyenjoyschicken,andthemostfamousnameinchickenisKentuckyFriedChicken.Mr.Sanders,themanwhostartedthis24wasnotalwaysveryrich.Atonetime,he25asmallgasstationnexttoahighway(公路).Manytruckdrivers26theretogetgasandtakearest.Mr.Sandersrealizedtheywereoften27,sohebeganservingsandwichesandcoffee.28thesandwicheshemadetastedgood,anddidn’t29toomuch,moreandmore30cametoeatathisplace.31Mr.Sandersbegantoservefriedchicken.People32itverymuch,andhisnewbusinessgrewrapidly.Notlongafter,however,anotherhighwaywas33,andmanydriversnolongerwent34Mr.Sanders’restaurant.Sohehadto35it.Thenhetraveledaroundthecountry36tosellhisideaofopeningfriedchickenrestaurants.He37.By1967,therewerealmost5000KentuckyFriedChickenrestaurants.Andnow,38yougointheUnitedStates,youwillseeone.Ifyoulikechicken,I’msure,you’llenjoyeatingKentuckyFriedChicken.24．A．business B．shop C．life D．search25．A．found B．worked C．saw D．owned26．A．passed B．gotto C．stopped D．left27．A．late B．hungry C．tired D．sick28．A．Although B．If C．As D．Once29．A．need B．pay C．spend D．cost30．A．passengers B．drivers C．students D．doctors31．A．Then B．So C．But D．For32．A．ate B．liked C．tried D．drank33．A．appeared B．found C．built D．broken34．A．out B．to C．over D．on35．A．close B．run C．return D．take36．A．trying B．believing C．thinking D．suggesting37．A．failed B．fails C．succeeds D．succeeded38．A．whenever B．wherever C．where D．when四、语法填空（2025高三·广东·学业考试）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheForbiddenCity,alsoknownasthePalaceMuseum,isahottouristattraction.Builtin1420,thepalacerecordedlivesofimportantpeoplethroughvariousrelicsanddocuments.TheForbiddenCitymadeatwo-daybroadcast39(celebrate)its600thbirthdayinApril,2020.Themuseumcanprovidealargeamountof40(value)materialfortoday’shistoricalresearch,aswellasinspirationforliteratureandentertainment.Inaddition41alookatthehistory,theForbiddenCityisalsocreativeintermsofmarketing.Overthelastdecade,themuseum42(produce)morethan10,000culturalproductsfeaturingtheimperial(皇家的)palaceand43(it)exhibits(展品),fromfans,notebookstoappsandcosmetics(化妆品).Themostpopularproductsaretheonesthatfeaturetheroyalcats.Thecatproductsare44(real)inspiredbythecatswhocalltheForbiddenCityhome.Morethan200catsarelivinginthepalacewheretheyarebeingwell45(care)for.Thesesmallcuteanimalsoftenwalkaroundfreelyandposecutelytomake46(visit)laugh,whosometimescanplaywiththem.“Therealreason47thePalaceMuseumhasbecomesopopularamongpeopleisthatitkeepstherightbalance(平衡)amongpreserving(保留)history,sharingknowledge,andprovidinginterestinginteractiveshows,”ShanJixiang,formerdirectorandcurator(馆长)of48museum,toldChinaDaily.五、书信写作（2025高二下·陕西·学业考试）假如你是秦沐，目前在新西兰留学。当地美术馆计划举办一场中国书画展，正在招募志愿者。请你给主办方写一封信，申请做一名志愿者。内容包括：（1）写信目的；（2）个人优势；（3）希望获准。注意：（1）词数100左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：美术馆gallery中国书画展exhibitionofChinesepaintingandcalligraphyDearSirorMadam,_____________________________________________________