Unit4 易混易错点辨析

PAGE2/2【名师原创】：Unit4易混易错点辨析●leadto;cause(vt)【教材原句】Confuciussaidthatlearningwithoutunderstandingleadstoconfusion.(教材P38)【辨析】两者都有“导致，引起”的意思，在这种意思前提下，一般可以互换，但是在其它意思上有一定区别。leadto….意思是“导致，引起；通向”，导致的后果可好可坏也可以是中性的，to是介词，后面一般接名词。温馨提示：=1\*GB3①leadsb./sth.todosth.引起某人/某物做某事=2\*GB3②leadsb./sth.to/into+地点把某人/某物领到某地/进入某地cause意思是“导致，引起”，一般导致的是坏的结果。也可以构成词组causesb./sth.todosth.意思是“引起/导致某人或某物做某事”。温馨提示：指坏的结果时，两者可以互换；做“通向”讲时，不可互换。【例句呈现】Hehaswarnedthattheseriousriftswithinthecountrycouldleadtocivilwar.他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。Strainingtoliftheavyweightscanleadtoariseinbloodpressure.用力提重物会导致血压升高。Heagreedthatthesepolicieswillleadtogridlockinthefuture.他认为这些政策将来会导致僵局。Tamperingwithasingleenzymecanleadtountowardeffectselsewhere.破坏一种酶可能会导致在别处出现异常。Therearerecognizedblackspotsinmarriageswhichcanleadtotrouble婚姻中有一些公认的容易引发问题的雷区。Soheadnorthwestuntilyoufindariverwhichshouldleadtothecoast.一直向西北方向走，直到你发现一条小河，这条小河通向海岸。Repairsandimprovementscanleadtohigherrentalrates.修缮后可以提高租价。Firehascausedseveredamagetothecontentsofthebuilding.大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。Acombinationofinternalandexternalfactorscausedthecompanytoclosedown.内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。Thedrugmaycauseanaggravationofthecondition.这种药可能导致病情恶化。Thediseasecancausesterilityinmenandwomen.这种疾病可能导致男女不育。Heavysnowhascausedtotalchaosontheroads.大雪导致道路上交通一片混乱。Anxietycanbecausedbylackofsleep.睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。Researchersarestilltryingtoisolatethegenethatcausesthisabnormality.研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。【考点过关】根据leadto和cause的用法,用其适当形式填空1.Afaultyconnection_______themachinetostopthatday.2.Ifyoustringtheseexperiencestogether,youcanfindanewliferoadwill______yourfuture.3.Thepoorharvest________pricestorisesharplyduringthosedays.4.Hestillbelievedthathonestyandindustrywould______success.5.Vitamindeficiencyinthedietcan________illness.6.Excuseme,doesthisroad_______therailwaystation?7.Heavyseascan_______cancellationofferryservices.8.Therewerefearsthatprivatizationwould_______joblosses.9.Defeatcould_______onesidetoescalatetheconflict.10.Abusecan_______bothpsychologicalandemotionalproblems.11.Strongcoffeeortealateatnightmay_______sleeplessness12.Apoordietwillultimately________illness.13.Generally,alackofmagnesium_______musclestogointospasm.14.Excessivedrinkingcan________stomachdisorders.15.Initspresentform,thelawcould_______newinjustices.【参考答案】1.caused;2.leadto;3.caused;4.leadto;5.leadto/cause;6.leadto;7.leadto/cause;8.cause/leadto;9.cause;10.cause/leadto;11.leadto/cause;12.cause/leadto;13.causes;14.cause/leadto;15.cause/leadto●information;message【教材原句】Wecangetthemostupdatedinformationfromlargedatabases.(教材P28)【辨析】两者都有“信息”的意思，但又有一定的区别。information意思是“信息、消息、情报、资料、资讯，通知”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，前面不能直接加不定冠词“an”；“一条信息”的表达为：apieceofinformation/anitemofinformation/anarticleofinformation或者someinformation。“许多信息”是manypiecesof

information，还有：asourceofinformation消息来源；collect/gather/obtain/receiveinformation收集/搜集/获取/接收信息；provide/give/passoninformation提供/给予/传递信息.也可作“知识”解,其后常接介词on/about/concerning等。message意思是“（书面或口头的）信息、留言，消息、电邮（或手机）信息、（书籍、演讲的）要点”，为可数名词，也可以做及物动词，表示“向（某人）传送（电子信息）”的意思。【例句呈现】Furtherinformationisavailablefromthelocaltouristoffice.进一步详情可向当地的旅游办事处查询。Theconferenceisagoodplacetoshareinformationandexchangeideas.研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。Theinformationisprocessedinarandomorder.信息是按随机顺序处理的。Theyquestionedtheaccuracyoftheinformationinthefile.他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。It'salotofinformationtoabsorballatonce.要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。Themessageiscomingthroughloudandclear.消息传达得清楚明白。Amessageisjustcomingthrough.刚有消息传来。Woulditbepossibleformetoleaveamessageforher?我可以给她留个话儿吗？Whatsortofmessageisthatsendingtoyoungpeople?这给年轻人传达的是什么样的信息呢？Peoplewhomessagesomeonealotfeelunpopulariftheydon'tgetmanyback.如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。【考点过关】根据information和message的用法填空1.Patrefusedtogiveherany________aboutSarah.2.Igota_______youweretryingtoreachme.3.Herefusedtocommentbeforealltherelevant________wasseen.4.Therewereno________formeatthehotel.5.Sofarfurther________hasnotbeenprovided.6.We'vehadanurgent________sayingthatyourfather'sill.7.Severalpeoplecameforwardwithmuch_________.8.Therewerefour________inmyinbox.9.Inordertogetacompletepicture,further_______isneeded.10.LastnightJack_______metotellthathehadcaughtabadcold.【参考答案】1.information;2.message;3.information;4.messages;5.information;6.message;7.information;8.messages;9.information;10.messaged●puzzle;confuse【教材原句】TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(教材P40)Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.(教材P40)【辨析】两者都有“困惑”的意思，此时可以换用，但其它方面有一定的区别。confuse表示“因为把两个或多个事物或问题混淆而使头脑糊涂混乱”,强调混淆不清，往往暂时的情况,造成没法清楚地思维或理智地行动。一般作及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语;也可与介词with连用,表示“把…与…弄混”。puzzle表示“行为情况、问题或某种现象错宗复杂,使人感到困惑伤脑筋”，因而不知道该怎么解决。一般作及物动词，也可以作名词，表示“难题，字谜，疑虑，谜团”等。【例句呈现】Don'tconfuselibertywithlicense.不要把自由与放纵混为一谈。Theyaskedmesomanyquestionsthattheyconfusedme.他们问了我那么多的问题都把我搞迷糊了.Ioftenconfuseyouandyourbrother.我常把你和你哥哥弄错了。Peopleareapttoconfusethetwoissues.人们容易把这两个问题混淆起来。Ifweconfusethesethreelevels,wewillnotthinkclearly.如果我们混淆了这三个等级，我们便不会清晰地思考。Mywordssurprisedandconfused/puzzledhim.我的话使他惊讶且迷惑。Whatyousaidjustnowconfused/puzzledme.你刚才说的话使我很困惑。Thefindleftarchaeologistswithapuzzle.这个发现给考古学家留下了一个谜团。Willyouhelpmetosolvethispuzzle?你能帮助我解决这个难题吗?Hesatfrowningoveracrosswordpuzzle.他坐着皱着眉头在思考纵横字谜。Shecouldnotgetthepuzzleoutofhermind.她无法解开心中的疑虑。Hisquestionpuzzledme.他的问题使我迷惑不解。Whathedidpuzzledmegreatly.他的作为使我深感迷惑不解。【考点过关】根据confuse,puzzle意义及用法填空1.Ialwaysconfusemyleftwithmyright.2.Herdecisionwasa_______tohim.3.Don'tconfuseAustriawithAustralia.4.Ihaveinmindsomedoubtswhichreally________me.5.I'veneverbeenableto_______herout.6.Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadership_______action.7.Theriskscanbesocomplexthatbankshiremathematiciansto_______themout.8.Donotconfuseeverthetangentialacceleration,whichisalongthecircumference,________centripetalacceleration.9.Heisina________aboutthematter.10.Shewascompletely_______(confuse)bythesetwoquestions.【参考答案】1.with;2.puzzle;3.with;4.puzzle;5.puzzle;6.with;7.puzzle;8.with;9.puzzle;10.confused.●include;contain【教材原句】Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.(教材P40)Hasthewriterincludedsensorydetails?(教材P45)【辨析】两者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定区别。include表示“包括，包含，包括….在内”，强调被包括者是整体的一部分。include后面接名词，代词或动名词；被包括部分放在include后面时，include用-ing形式，放在前面时，include用-ed形式contain表示“包含，含有，装有，容纳”，强调“内含（….成分），装有（….东西）”。【例句呈现】Yourdutieswillincludesettingupanewcomputersystem.你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统.I'vegotthreedays'holidayincludingNewYear'sDay.包括元旦在内我有三天假。ThemoviewonnineAcademyAwards,includingBestPicture.这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。Hotelaccommodationisincludedinthepriceofyourholiday.你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。Sixpeoplewerekilledintheriot,includingapoliceman.暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。Weallwent,meincluded.我们都去了，连我在内。Thecommitteeincludesrepresentativesfromindustry.这个委员会包括产业界的代表。Localactivitiesincludewalking,boatingandgolf.当地的活动包括散步、划船以及打高尔夫球。Theboxcontainsoldphotographsandsouvenirs.那盒子里放有旧照片和纪念品。Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.它含有一种可以防止蚊虫叮咬的强效药物。Thebottlecontainstwoglassesofbeer.这瓶子可装两杯啤酒。Thepillcontainsvitamins.这药丸中含有多种维生素。【考点过关】根据include,contain的用法用其适当形式填空1.Itwasfoundthatherblood_______poison.2.Thecityhasdozensoffactories,_______apowerplantandasteelworks.3.Thisdrinkdoesn't________anyalcohol.4.Sixstudentswereplayingtabletennis,twogirls________.5.Theirdiet________alotoffatatpresent.6.I________applesonthelistofthingstobuytoday.7.Howmuchwaterdoesthisbottle________?8.Weallknowthatthisbook_________tenshortstories.9.Seawater_________plentyofsalt.10.Myunclehasalotofduties,_________takingcareofthesechildren.【参考答案】1.contained;2.including;3.contain;4.included;5.contains;6.include;7.contain;8.includes;9.contains;10.including●conquer;overcome【教材原句】TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.(教材P41)【辨析】两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。conquer意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。overcome意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。【例句呈现】Sheovercame/conqueredhernaturaldiffidenceandspokewithgreatfrankness.她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。Thetwopartiesmanagedtoovercome/conquertheirdifferencesontheissue.两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。Sheovercame/conqueredinjurytowintheOlympicgoldmedal.她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。Shewastryingtoovercome/conquerherphysicalrepugnanceforhim.她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。InthefinalgameSwedeneasilyovercame/conqueredFrance.在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。Sofar,wehavemanagedtoovercomealltheobstaclesthathavebeenplacedinourpath.至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。Findawaytoovercomeyourdifficulties.找出办法战胜困难。Ithenrealizedhowpossibleitwastoovercome/conqueryourlimitations.那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。Westernofficialssaytheproblemisminor,andshouldbequicklyovercome.西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。Iwouldovercome/conqueredanyweakness,anydespair,anyfear.我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。TheNormansconqueredEnglandin1066.诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。MontBlancwasconqueredin1786.勃朗峰于1786年被征服。【考点过关】根据overcome和conquer用法，用其适当形式填空。1.Theworldchampion______yetanotherchallengerlastnight.2.ThenightbeforethetestI_______byfearanddespair3.I________mymoralscruplesatlast.4.Theyhadto_______formidableobstacles.5.During1936,Mussolini_______Abyssinia6.Humanbeingsarelearningto______allkindsofnaturaldisasters.7.TheSpanish_______theNewWorldinthesixteenthcentury.8.Sofar,we________theenemy.9.Whenwillscientists________thestars?10.Thelong-cherisheddreamof_________theHuangheRiverwillbecomeareality.11.Manwill________nature.12.Somethinggavemethestrength__________thedifficulty13.Tosucceed,youmustlearn________obstacles.14.EarlyintheeleventhcenturythewholeofEngland_______againbytheVikings.15.Inthewakeofdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology,manhasbecomemorecapableof_______nature.16.Thereisalwaysonething________another.【参考答案】1.conquered/overcame;2.wasovercome/conquered;3.overcame/conquered;4.overcome;5.conquered;6.conquer;7.conquered;8.haveconquered;9.conquer;10.conquering;11.conquer;12.toovercome;13.toovercome;14.wasconquered;15.conquering;16.toconquer/overcome●amount;quantity【教材原句】WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.(教材P42)【辨析】两者都可以表示数量，但用法有区别。amount意思是“数量；数额；总数”，做动词是“达到，相当，等同”的意思，常构成以下短语：=1\*GB3①ahuge/largeamountof…./largeamountsof….大量，许多，后面一般接不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据amount来确定，如果amount是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果amount是复数，谓语动词就用复数。=2\*GB3②amountto….达到；合计为；相当于，等于quantity意思是“数量；大量”，常构成以下短语：=1\*GB3①alargequantityof…./largequantitiesof……大量，后面既可以跟可数名词，也可以跟不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据quantity的单复数来确定，如果quantity是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果quantity是复数，谓语动词就用复数。=2\*GB3②inquantity=inlargequantities大量地【例句呈现】Thepolicefoundaquantityofdrugsathishome.警察在他家发现了大量毒品。Itisusuallyeconomicaltobuywashingpowderinlargequantities.大量购买洗衣粉通常要省钱些。Alargequantityofdrugswasseizedduringtheraid.在这次突击行动中起获了大量毒品。Aswoopbycustomsofficersnettedalargequantityofdrugs.海关人员突然袭击，缉获大量毒品。TheCustomshaveseizedlargequantitiesofsmuggledheroin.海关查获了大量走私的海洛因。It'sjustverytimeconsumingtogetsuchalargequantityofdata.获取如此大量的数据非常费时。Moderncomputerscanorganizelargeamountsofdataveryquickly.现代计算机能迅速处理大量的信息资料。Thereisstillanimmenseamountofworktobedone.还有非常非常多的工作没有做。Somewherealongthelinealargeamountofmoneywentmissing.有一笔巨款在某一环节上不翼而飞。Teachershavealimitedamountoftimetointeractwitheachchild.教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。Thetankhadleakedasmallamountofwater.水箱渗漏出少量的水。Thetotalcollectionlastweekamountedto£250.上周的募捐总额达250英镑。【考点过关】根据quantity和amount的用法填空。1.Alargequantityofairconditions________(sell)sincethesummercame.2.It'sapitythatlargequantitiesofwood______(waste)thatwayallovertheworld.3.There_______(be)alargequantityofraininthisarea.4.Whenyouaretravelling,don’tdisplaylarge_______ofcashtoothers.5.Alargequantityofcrops_________(destroy)bythehurricanelastweek.6.Largequantitiesofmilk_______(send)tothechildreninpoorareathedaybeforeyesterday.7.Largeamountsofmoney_______(spent)onbuildingthebridgelastyear.8.Theybuycotton_______quantity.9.There_______(be)onlyasmallamountoffood.10.Thevillagersplanteddifferentkindsoftrees_______largequantitiesonthehilllastyear.11.Myincomeforthatweekamounted________&112.12.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargequantityofdesert_______(cover)thelandsofar.13.Keepingwhatbelongstoanother______(amount)tostealing.14.Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______(wash)awayeachyear.15.Hugequantitiesofoil________(ship)toJapanlastyear.【参考答案】1.havebeensold2.havebeenwasted;3.is;4.amounts/quantities;5.wasdestroyed;6.weresent;7.werespent;8.in;9.is;10.in;11.to;12.hascovered;13.amounts;14.arebeingwashed;15.wereshipped●seat；sit【教材原句】Davecouldnotfindaseatintheroom.(教材P46)LondonsitsupontheRiverThamesinthesoutheastofEngland.(教材P48)【辨析】两者都有“坐”的意思，但用法有区别。seat除了作名词表示“座位”外，也可以做及物动词，意思是“使…坐下；使（多少）人坐得下”。主语可以是人，也可以是地点。sit意思是“坐”，一般做不及物动词，sitaround的意思是“闲坐着”【例句呈现】Theoldmanseatedhimselfreadinganewspaperatadesk.这位老人坐在桌