雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Inorganic Chemistry（北交 ）》单元测试考核答案

注：不含主观题第1题判断题(1分)ThequantumnumbersofanelectronofanatomarethesolutionstoSchrodingerequationoftheelectron.

第2题判断题(1分)Theprinciplequantumnumberis2,theangularmomentumquantumnumberis2foranelectronof2porbital.第3题判断题(1分)Theprobabilitytofindanelectroninthenodalzonesintheplotof|Y|2iszero.

第4题判断题(1分)ThemostprobabledistancebetweentheelectronandthenucleuscanbeevaluatedfromtheplotofR(r)2vs.r.第5题Assignmentsfor1.1.2第1题Assignmentsfor1.1.3第1题判断题(1分)Thetwoelectronsof2p2havethesamesetofquantumnumbers.

第2题判断题(1分)Themaximumnumberofelectronsinthedorbitalsis5.第3题判断题(1分)Hund’sruledemonstratesthattwoelectronsattwodifferentdegenerateorbitalscanspinunparallelly.第4题Assignmentsfor1.1.4第1题第2题Assignmentsfor1.2.1第1题第2题Assignmentsfor1.2.2第1题判断题(1分)ThenatureofbondinginNaClistheelectronsharingbetweenNaandClatoms.第2题判断题(1分)Thesolubilityofioniccompoundsisassociatedwiththelatticeenergy,thehigherthelatticeenergy,themoresolubletheioniccompound.Assignmentsfor1.2.3第1题判断题(1分)Fhasthehighestelectronegativity,Hhasthelowestelectronegativityamongtheelements.第2题判断题(1分)Anycovalentbondsarenonpolarbecausetheelectronsforbondingaresharedinbetween.第3题Assignmentsfor1.2.4第1题Assignmentsfor1.3.1第1题判断题(1分)OnlytheunpairedelectronofanatomisconsideredforbondinginVB(valencebond)theory.第2题判断题(1分)Twoofthreeporbitalshybridizeswithonesorbitalleadstoonesp2orbital.第3题判断题(1分)Thehybridsporbitalhashigherenergythantheunhybridizedporbital.第4题判断题(1分)Theside-by-sideoverlapofporbitalsofthetwocarbonatomsinethyleneformspbond.第5题判断题(1分)Adoublebondcontainstwopbonds,atriplebondhasthreepbonds.第6题判断题(1分)Onlyonesbondineitheradoublebondoratriplebond.第7题Assignmentsfor1.3.2第1题判断题(1分)Electrons,especiallyvalenceelectrons,areconsideredtobedelocalizedoverthemoleculeinmolecularorbitaltheory.第2题判断题(1分)Twoatomicorbitalsformonemolecularorbital.第3题判断题(1分)Anti-bondingorbitalhashigherenergylevelcomparedwiththebondingorbitalderivedfromtheatomicorbitals.第4题判断题(1分)ThebondorderofLi2+is1.第5题Assignmentsfor1.4.1第1题判断题(1分)Theliquidwithhighboilingpointshowslowvaporpressure.第2题判断题(1分)Theliquidevaporatedeasilyhashighvaporpressure.第3题判断题(1分)Thesolidcannotbeturnedintogasdirectly,onlyliquidcanchangeintogasdirectly.第4题判断题(1分)Largepolarizabilityindicateslargepolarityforamolecule.第5题判断题(1分)Londondispersionforcesisstrongerthandipole-dipoleinteraction.第6题第7题Assignmentsfor1.4.2第1题判断题(1分)Theidealgasmodelcannotbeappliedtoanygasesbecausethesizeofthegasmoleculeisneglected.

第2题判断题(1分)PartialpressureofAinagasmixtureofA,B,andetc.isdefinedascontributionofAtothetotalpressure,thetotalpressureisthesumofallthepartialpressuresofallthecomponents.

第3题判断题(1分)Whenyoucollectoxygengasoverwater,thepartialpressureofwaterandoxygeninthecontainerarebothequaltotheatmospherepressure,1bar.

第4题判断题(1分)Forrealgases,thevolumefromthemoleculesmustbecorrectedtotheidealgaslaw,whiletheintermolecularinteractionsarenotimportantbecausetheintermoleculardistancearelarge,nocorrectionisneededtoincludetheintermolecularinteraction.

第5题第6题Assignmentsfor2.1.1第1题判断题(1分)Internalenergyistheenergythatareactivematerialhas,theinertmaterialsdonothave.第2题判断题(1分)Internalenergyofanobjectincludeskineticenergyandpotentialenergy.第3题判断题(1分)Theinternalchange,DU,istheenergyreleasedchemicallyorphysically.第4题判断题(1分)Internalenergy,U,canbeevaluatedandmeasured.Assignmentsfor2.1.2第1题判断题(1分)Cannedmealwillnotgorottenbecauseitisstoredinanisolatedsystem.第2题判断题(1分)Thereisonlyenergychangeforaclosedsystem.第3题判断题(1分)Heatcapacityistheamountofheattoraisethetemperatureofasubstanceby1K.第4题判断题(1分)Ifq=-75.3J,itmeansthesystemreceives75.3Jofheat.第5题第6题Assignmentsfor2.1.3第1题判断题(1分)Generally,ifthework,w,isdoneonthesystem,w>0.第2题判断题(1分)Iftheexpansionworkw=-15J,itindicatesthattheworkisdoneonthesurroundings.第3题判断题(1分)Iftheexpansionworkw=-15J,itindicatesthatthevolumechangeisnegative.Assignmentsfor2.1.4第1题判断题(1分)TheequationDU=q+w,holdsforanysystems.第2题判断题(1分)Inaconstantvolumeprocessforaclosedsystem,theinternalenergychangeofthesystemdependsontheheatexchanged.第3题判断题(1分)Inaconstantpressureprocessforaclosedsystem,theinternalenergychangeofthesystemdependsontheheatexchanged.第4题判断题(1分)Inaconstantpressureprocessforaclosedsystem,theenthalpychangeofthesystemdependsontheheatexchanged.第5题判断题(1分)Inaconstantpressureprocessforaclosedsystem,theenthalpychangeofthesystemisequaltotheheatexchanged.第6题判断题(1分)Inaconstantpressureprocessforaclosedsystem,theinternalenergychangeofthesystemisequaltothesumoftheheatexchangedandthework.第7题第8题Assignmentsfor2.1.5第1题判断题(1分)Theheatreleasedbyanyreactionsiscalledenthalpy.第2题判断题(1分)Enthalpyisanalternativenameofheat.第3题判断题(1分)Theenthalpychangeofanyreactionscanbemeasuredwithabombcalorimeter.第4题判断题(1分)Forliquidsandsolids,thevolumechangeisneglectableinthereactions,theenthalpychangeisapproximatelyequaltotheinternalenergychange.第5题第6题Assignmentsfor2.1.6第1题判断题(1分)TheentropyofasystemcanbeevaluatedbyBoltzmannequation.第2题判断题(1分)Theentropyincreaseswiththenumberofthemicrostatesofthemoleculesinasystem.第3题判断题(1分)Thenumberofthemicrostatesincreaseswiththetemperature.第4题判断题(1分)Noentropychangeinaphasechangebecausethetemperatureisconstant.第5题Assignmentsfor2.1.7第1题判断题(1分)Thesecondlawstatesthattheentropychangeincreasesforanyreactions,thenitcannotexplainwhythewaterisfrozenintoiceat0°C.第2题判断题(1分)IfDSuniv=0,itindicatestheprocessisnotpossible.第3题判断题(1分)IfDSuniv>0,itindicatestheprocessisreversible.第4题判断题(1分)Atconstantvolumeandtemperature,aprocessproceedsiftheHelmholtzenergychangeispositive.第5题判断题(1分)Atconstantpressureandtemperature,aprocessproceedsiftheGibbsenergychangeispositive.Assignmentsfor2.1.8第1题判断题(1分)Gibbsenergychangeisthechangeonlyfromtheentropychangeatconstanttemperatureandpressure.第2题判断题(1分)Gibbsenergychangeisequaltotheinternalenergychange.第3题判断题(1分)DGcanonlybederivedfromtheentropychange.Assignmentsfor2.1.9第1题判断题(1分)Theentropyofapuresubstanceiszeroat298K.第2题判断题(1分)Watermoleculehasamorecomplexstructurethanhelium,theentropyofwatermoleculeishigherthanthatofheliumat0K.第3题判断题(1分)Onlytheentropychangecanbeevaluated.Assignmentsfor2.1.10第1题第2题Assignmentsfor2.1.11第1题判断题(1分)IUPACrecommends1atmasthestandardpressure.

第2题判断题(1分)TheenthalpychangeofreactioncanbederivedwiththeenthalpiesofknownreactionsasdemonstratedbyHess’law.

第3题Assignmentsfor2.1.12第1题判断题(1分)Gibbsenergydependsonthenumberandchemicalpotentialofthesubstance.第2题判断题(1分)Theactivityofpuresolid(s)orpureliquid(s)is1.第3题判断题(1分)Theactivityofgasisequaltothepressurevaluetimesg,activitycoefficient.Forallthegases,g=1.第4题判断题(1分)Theactivityofasolutionisequaltothevalueofconcentration,g=1isalwaysassumed.第5题Assignmentsfor2.1.13第1题判断题(1分)IfDrG

=0,thereactionisatequilibrium.第2题判断题(1分)IfDrG

>0,theforwardreactionisspontaneous.第3题第4题Assignmentsfor2.1.14第1题判断题(1分)DrG°canbederivedfromVan’tHoffequation.第2题判断题(1分)InaplotoflnKvs.1/T,DrS°canbeobtainedfromtheslopeofthelinearfittinglinetotheexperimentaldata.第3题Assignmentsfor2.2.1第1题判断题(1分)Thestandardhydrogenelectrode,SHE,hasapotentialof0Vunderstandardcondition.第2题判断题(1分)ThereactionH2(g)®2H+(aq)+2e-occurs,ifSHEisacathode.第3题判断题(1分)Themorepositivepotentialinthetableofstandardreductionpotentialsindicatesthestrongertendencytoreduce.第4题判断题(1分)Themorenegativepotentialinthetableofstandardreductionpotentialsindicatesthestrongertendencytooxidize.第5题第6题Assignmentsfor2.2.2第1题判断题(1分)Theelectronsflowoutfromthecathodetowardanodeinanelectrochemicalcell.第2题判断题(1分)Ifthecellpotentialisnegative,therewillbenoelectronsflowintheelectrochemicalcell.第3题第4题Assignmentsfor2.2.3第1题第2题Assignmentsfor2.3.1第1题判断题(1分)LargeKspindicateshighsolubilityforasparinglysolublesalt.第2题判断题(1分)Ifthereactionquotient,Q,islargerthanKsp,thentheprecipitationoccurs.第3题第4题Assignmentsfor2.3.2第1题第2题Assignmentsfor2.4.1第1题判断题(1分)Theionproductofwaterisalways1.0´10-14atanytemperatures.第2题判断题(1分)pHisdefinedaslog[H3O+].第3题判断题(1分)Theacidinaqueoussolutiondonatesprotons,[H3O+]isgreaterthan[OH-]inthesolution.第4题判断题(1分)Inaneutralsolution,pH=pOH.第5题判断题(1分)Inanacidicsolutionat25°C,[OH-]mustbelowerthan1.0´10-7mol/L.第6题第7题Assignmentsfor2.4.2第1题判断题(1分)Anacidwithhigherionizationconstantthan1isastrongacid.第2题判断题(1分)Abasewithhigherionizationconstantthan1isastrongbase.第3题判断题(1分)Strongacidsandbasesarecompletelyionizedinwater.第4题判断题(1分)HSO4-isastrongacidbecauseH2SO4isacommonstrongacid.第5题Assignmentsfor2.4.3第1题第2题第3题第4题Assignmentsfor2.4.4第1题判断题(1分)TheacidicstrengthofH2OislargerthanthatofH2S.

第2题判断题(1分)HFisthestrongestacidduetothehighestelectronegativityofFatom.第3题判断题(1分)H2SO4hashigheracidstrengththanHClO4,becauseH2SO4candonatemoreprotons.第4题判断题(1分)Fororganicoxo-acids,theintroductionofelectronegativeatomintothecarboxylicacidiscrucial,nomatterhowfarawaytheelectronegativeatomisfromtheCOOHgroup.第5题判断题(1分)Themoleculewithlarge-sizeanionislikelytobedeprotonated.第6题第7题Assignmentsfor2.4.5第1题判断题(1分)AbuffercanbepreparedwithcertainamountofCH3COONaandCH3COONH4.第2题判断题(1分)AbuffercanonlysustainitspHwithinitsbuffercapacity.第3题Assignmentsfor2.5.1第1题判断题(1分)Thereactionratelawcanbederiveddirectlyfromthechemicalequation.第2题判断题(1分)Theorderofthereaction,inratelaw,isalwayspositive.第3题判断题(1分)Theorderofthereaction,inratelaw,mustbeaninteger.第4题判断题(1分)Theratelawcanbeexpressedbyeithertheconsumptionofareactantortheproductionofaproduct.Assignmentsfor2.5.2第1题判断题(1分)Theratelawshowstherelationofconcentrationandreactionrate,further,theintegratedratelawshowsthechangeofconcentrationwithreactiontime.第2题判断题(1分)Forzeroth-orderreaction,thereactionrateisindependentontheconcentrationofthereactants.Assignmentsfor2.5.3第1题判断题(1分)Half-lifeisthetimefortheconcentrationofareactantdecreasesbyhalf.第2题判断题(1分)Half-lifeisthetimefortheamountofproductincreasestoonehalfofthedesiredyield.Assignmentsfor2.5.4第1题判断题(1分)Therateofanelementaryreactiondependsonthecollisionratebetweenthereactants,thecollisionrateisdependentonthetemperature,thereb