【英语】河南省驻马店市2025-2026学年高一上学期新生入学考试试题（解析版）

河南省驻马店市2025-2026学年高一上学期新生入学考试英语试题一、听力理解（略）二、阅读理解（本大题共2节，20小题，每小题2.5分，共50分）AIntheTVseries“IntheNameofthePeople”,wecanseemanyprotagonistswithdistinctpersonalities(鲜明的个性).Inferiority(自卑)andconceit(自负)coexist:QiTongwei.Beingpoor,heisnotveryconfident.Helongstoclimbtothetop,isunwillingtobowdown,isflexible(能屈能伸),andwillstopatnothingtopursuepower.Oncehemakesadecision,hewillnothesitatetoactonit.Integrity(廉洁)-Pursuitofpoliticalachievements(热爱政绩),LiDakang.LiDakangtendstoactarbitrarilyanddictateshisownwayofdoingthings.Hefindsitdifficulttotoleratedissentingopinionsfromhissubordinates.Hisworkstyleissimplisticandcrude,andhelackspatienceandtolerance(关心和包容)towardshissubordinates.Brave,tenacious,upright,andselfless,HouLiangping.Hepossessesgreatcourageandperseverance,daringtochallengecorruptindividualswhoholdhighpositionsandwieldgreatpower.InthecomplexpoliticalenvironmentofHandong,facingthepowerfulforcesofZhaoRuilongandothers,HouLiangpingdidnotbackdown,firmlypushingforwardtheanti-corruptionwork,andnevercompromisingevenwhenfacinglifethreats.Inthemoderneraofever-advancingsociety,thecrackdownonorganizedcrimerepresentsthecollectivedeterminationandpurposeofallparties,whileupholdingfairnessandjusticeservesasthedrivingforceforsustainedsocialdevelopment.1.WhichofthefollowingcharacterimagesbestfitsQiTongwei?A.Canbendorunbend. B.Impartialandhonest.C.Corrupt. D.Skilledatdisguising.2.WhattypeofTVseriesdoesthisbelongto?A.Comedy. B.Tragedy.C.Anti-corruptiondrama. D.Ruraldrama.3.Whataretherolesofthesethreecharactersbasedon?A.Opposecorruption,upholdfairnessandintegrity.B.Ancientpalaceintrigue,imperialconcubinesvyingforfavor.C.Modernworkplace,noviceworking.D.Familyconflicts,educationalconflicts.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了电视剧《人民的名义》中三个主要角色。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Inferiority(自卑)andconceit(自负)coexist:QiTongwei.部分的“Helongstoclimbtothetop,isunwillingtobowdown,isflexible(能屈能伸),andwillstopatnothingtopursuepower.(他不甘屈居人下、能屈能伸，为追逐权力不择手段，一旦做出决定便会果断付诸行动)”可知，祁同伟能屈能伸。故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Brave,tenacious,upright,andselfless,HouLiangping.部分的“Hepossessesgreatcourageandperseverance,daringtochallengecorruptindividualswhoholdhighpositionsandwieldgreatpower.InthecomplexpoliticalenvironmentofHandong,facingthepowerfulforcesofZhaoRuilongandothers,HouLiangpingdidnotbackdown,firmlypushingforwardtheanti-corruptionwork,andnevercompromisingevenwhenfacinglifethreats.(他胆识过人且意志坚定，敢于挑战身居高位、手握重权的腐败分子。在汉东复杂的政治环境中，面对赵瑞龙等人的强大势力，侯亮平毫不退缩，坚定推进反腐工作，即便遭遇生命威胁也绝不妥协)”推知，《人民的名义》是一部反腐剧。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Inferiority(自卑)andconceit(自负)coexist:QiTongwei.部分的“Helongstoclimbtothetop,isunwillingtobowdown,isflexible(能屈能伸),andwillstopatnothingtopursuepower.(他不甘屈居人下、能屈能伸，为追逐权力不择手段，一旦做出决定便会果断付诸行动)”、“Integrity(廉洁)-Pursuitofpoliticalachievements(热爱政绩),LiDakang.(廉洁奉公且追求政绩：李达康)”和“Brave,tenacious,upright,andselfless,HouLiangping.(勇敢坚毅、正直无私：侯亮平)”可知，祁同伟为追逐权力不择手段、李达康廉洁奉公、侯亮平正直无私，由此可知，这三个角色建立在反对腐败，坚持公平廉洁的基础上。故选A。BForfouryears,TinaJones,aNewZealandinterior-designbusinessowner,hasinspiredotherstojoinherinsupportingcommunitycauses.Shefindsjoyinvolunteering,believingitbenefitsbothrecipients(接受者)andherself.Motivatedbythis,shenowcreatesopportunitiesforotherstocontributeeasily.TinastartedaFacebookMessengergroup,uniting40localwomenwiththegoalofhelpingthoseinneed.Whensheidentifiesacause—suchascollectingFoodbanksupplies,itemsforhomelessshelters,oressentialsforWomen’sRefuge—shemessagesthegroup.Herhomebecomesacentralcollectionpoint,makingiteasierforparticipantstocontribute.“It’saboutsaying,‘Here’sachancetohelp—joinifyoucan.’Peoplerespondamazingly,”Tinaexplains.Theapproachremovesbarrierstogiving,enablingotherstocontributeeffortlesslywithoutorganizingeffortsthemselves.Tinaadmitsthatwhilehermethodisirregular,itsuitshercurrentscheduleandliftsherspirits.“Idon’tcommittoongoingvolunteerrolesyet,butshort-termactionsworkwell.Assomeonewhoenjoyscommunication,bringingpeopletogetherfeelsnatural,”shesays.Whenherchildrenwereyounger,school-linkedprojectskeptherinvolved.Aftertheygrewup,Tinasoughtnewwaystomakeadifference.Herflexiblemodelhasprovensuccessful,promotingteamworkandpositivity.“Together,we’reimprovinglivesinsmallbutmeaningfulways—spreadingkindnessandbuildingconnections.It’srewarding,especiallyduringtoughtimes,”sheadds.Tinahighlightsthatvolunteeringdoesn’thavetoinvolvestrictschedulesorlonghours,akeyreason,whyherapproachappealstomany.Bysimplifyinggenerosity,sheempowersbusyindividualstoparticipateinsmall,manageableactsofgoodwill,creatingcollectiveimpactwhilestrengtheningcommunitybonds.4.WhatinspiredTinatocreateopportunitiesforotherstovolunteer?A.Herexperienceasadesigner.B.Herfondnessforcommunication.C.Encouragementfromcommunityleaders.D.Happinessandbenefitsfromvolunteering.5.HowdoesTina’sFacebookMessengergroupwork?A.Tinaorganizesbigeventsformemberstojoin.B.Tinasharesrequestsandusesherhomeasadrop-offpoint.C.Membersmustattendtheweeklyplanningmeeting.D.Membersarerequiredtomeetadonationminimum.6.WhydoesTina’svolunteeringapproachappealtosomanypeople?A.Itguaranteespublicrecognition.B.Itfocusesonfundraisingforschools.C.Itdemandsstrictschedulesandlonghours.D.Itsimplifiesgenerositythroughmanageableacts.7.WhatlessoncanbelearnedfromTina’sexperience?A.Notallthatshinesisgold. B.Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.C.Manyhandsmakelightwork. D.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了新西兰室内设计师蒂娜·琼斯通过创建Facebook群组，简化志愿活动，激励他人参与社区公益。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Shefindsjoyinvolunteering,believingitbenefitsbothrecipientsandherself.Motivatedbythis,shenowcreatesopportunitiesforotherstocontributeeasily.(她从志愿服务中找到乐趣，认为这对受助者和她自己都有益处。受此激励，她如今正为其他人创造轻松参与公益的机会)”可知，志愿服务带来的快乐和益处激励蒂娜为他人创造志愿机会。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“TinastartedaFacebookMessengergroup,uniting40localwomenwiththegoalofhelpingthoseinneed.Whensheidentifiesacause—suchascollectingFoodbanksupplies,itemsforhomelessshelters,oressentialsforWomen’sRefuge—shemessagesthegroup.Herhomebecomesacentralcollectionpoint,makingiteasierforparticipantstocontribute.(蒂娜成立了一个FacebookMessenger群，将40名当地女性团结起来，目标是帮助有需要的人。当她确定一个事业时——比如收集食品银行的物资、无家可归者收容所的物品或妇女避难所的必需品——她就会给这个群发信息。她的家成为一个集中收集点，方便参与者捐款)”可知，蒂娜的Facebook群组通过分享需求信息，并利用她的家作为物资收集点来运作。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Tinahighlightsthatvolunteeringdoesn’thavetoinvolvestrictschedulesorlonghours,akeyreason,whyherapproachappealstomany.Bysimplifyinggenerosity,sheempowersbusyindividualstoparticipateinsmall,manageableactsofgoodwill,creatingcollectiveimpactwhilestrengtheningcommunitybonds.(蒂娜强调，志愿服务不一定需要严格遵循固定日程，也不必投入大量时间，这正是她的做法吸引很多人的关键原因。通过简化公益参与的方式，她让忙碌的人们能够参与到微小且易于管理的善举中，在产生集体影响力的同时，也加强了社区的凝聚力)”可知，蒂娜的志愿方式通过易于管理的行为简化了公益过程，因此吸引很多人。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Bysimplifyinggenerosity,sheempowersbusyindividualstoparticipateinsmall,manageableactsofgoodwill,creatingcollectiveimpactwhilestrengtheningcommunitybonds.(通过简化公益参与的方式，她让忙碌的人们能够参与到微小且易于管理的善举中，在产生集体影响力的同时，也加强了社区的凝聚力)”可知，文章主要讲述了蒂娜通过组建志愿者群组，号召众人共同参与公益活动，以微小善行改善社区生活，最终凝聚成显著的集体影响力。这一过程生动诠释了“众人拾柴火焰高”的道理——强调个体力量虽小，但团结协作能创造更大价值。故选C。CIn1995,UyingaleftherhomeonthegrasslandtostudyattheInnerMongoliaUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsintheregionalcapital,Hohhot.Aftergraduatingwithabachelor’sdegreeinlandresourcemanagement,sheimmediatelydecidedtoreturnhomeasshebelievedthevastgrasslandhasmoreopportunitiestoofferthanbigcities.“Iwasbornonthegrassland,andIhaveafreespirit.Andtheinfrastructuresuchasroadsandtelecommunicationonthegrasslandhasbeensignificantlyimproved,soitcanbejustasconvenienttostartbusinessesatmyhome,”Uyingasaid.Followingtherecommendationofacareeradviserone-commerce,shestartedtopostvideosaboutthelifeofherdsmen(牧民)onsocialmediainJanuary2018.“Therewasn’tanyinfluencerpostingaboutthelifeofherdsmeninInnerMongoliabackthen.Andmyfirstgoalwastoclearuppeople’smisunderstandingsaboutherdsmen,”shesaid.Likemanypeoplefromtheregion,Uyingaisoftenaskediflocalsridehorsestoschoolandwork.“Manypeoplearen’tfamiliarwithlifeandcultureonthegrassland.Infact,theherdsmen’slifeonthegrasslandhasalsobeenimprovedandmodernized.Atthesametime,wehavekeptourtraditionsalive,”shesaid.BesidesenjoyingthestunningsunrisesandsunsetsintheshortvideospostedbyUyinga,peopleareparticularlyinterestedinhowherfamilypreparestraditionalMongolianfood,suchasdairyproducts,milkteaandboiledmeat.OneofUyinga’svideosthatwentviralfeaturesherfamilystoringmeatforaharshwinterahead.Ithasreceivedmorethan9millionviewsonsocialmediaplatforms.“I’veneverimaginedpeoplecanbesointerestedinournormalroutines.Ithasmadememoredeterminedtopromoteourrichcultureandheritage,”Uyingasaid.Shenowhasmorethan1.18millionfollowersontheshortvideoplatformDouyin,butshesaidshedoesn’tliketobecalledaninfluencer.“Iamsimplyarecorderofthegrasslandandthelifestyleoftheherdsmen,”shesaid.8.WhatmadeUyingacomebacktoherhometownaftergraduation?A.Hermajorintheuniversity. B.Herbeliefinthegrassland.C.Attachmenttoherhometown. D.Pressureinthebigcity.9.WhatwereUyinga’sfirstvideosaimedat?A.Showingoffherlifestyle.B.AttractingtouriststoInnerMongolia.C.PromotingtraditionalMongolianfood.D.Clarifyingmisconceptionsoftheherdsman’slife.10.WhatisknownabouttheherdsmeninInnerMongolia?A.Theyhomemakemeatproductsforwinter.B.Theyfacemanychallengesinthegrassland.C.Theyhavetotallyabandonedtheirtraditions.D.Theyenjoymakingvideosabouttheirlife.11.Whatisabesttitleforthepassage?A.Mongolia,hometoherdsmen. B.Herdsman,anewlifestyle.C.Grassland,homeofUyinga. D.Uyinga,agrasslandrecorder.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Uyinga从内蒙古大学毕业后回到家乡，通过在社交媒体发布短视频记录牧民生活，消除人们对牧民生活误解并推广草原文化的故事。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Aftergraduatingwithabachelor’sdegreeinlandresourcemanagement,sheimmediatelydecidedtoreturnhomeasshebelievedthevastgrasslandhasmoreopportunitiestoofferthanbigcities.(在获得土地资源管理学士学位后，她立刻决定回家，因为她相信广阔的草原比大城市能提供更多机会)”可知，是她对草原的信念，即认为草原机会更多，促使Uyinga毕业后回到家乡。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Therewasn’tanyinfluencerpostingaboutthelifeofherdsmeninInnerMongoliabackthen.Andmyfirstgoalwastoclearuppeople’smisunderstandingsaboutherdsmen,”shesaid.(她说：“那时没有网红发布关于内蒙古牧民生活的内容。我的首要目标是消除人们对牧民的误解”)”可知，Uyinga最初发布视频的目的是消除人们对牧民生活的误解。选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“OneofUyinga’svideosthatwentviralfeaturesherfamilystoringmeatforaharshwinterahead.(Uyinga的一个走红视频展示了她的家人为即将到来的严冬储存肉类)”可以推断，内蒙古的牧民会为过冬自制肉制品。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Iamsimplyarecorderofthegrasslandandthelifestyleoftheherdsmen,”shesaid.(“我只是草原和牧民生活方式的记录者”她说。)”可知，主要讲述了Uyinga从内蒙古大学毕业后回到家乡，通过在社交媒体发布短视频记录牧民生活，消除人们对牧民生活误解并推广草原文化的故事。所以D“Uyinga，一名草原记录者”为短文最佳标题。故选D。D“Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,apsychologyprofessor,whowasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience.TounderstandthecontextforNosek’sadvice,weneedtotakeastepbacktothenatureofscienceitself.Youseedespitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheoriesbecomeelaboratedandchange,sodoscientificmethods.Butmethodologicalreformhasn’tcomewithoutsomefrettingandfriction.Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueoftheirlife’sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicingcriticismsinkindandconstructiveways.So,partofthechallengeisfiguringouthowtobakecriticalself-reflectionintothecultureofscienceitself,soitunfoldsasawelcomeandintegratedpartoftheprocess,andnotanembarrassingsideshow.WhatNosekrecommendedwasastrategyforchangingthewayweofferandrespondtocritique.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong-agoalthatyourcriticpresumablyshares.Oneworryaboutthisapproachisthatitcouldbedemoralizingforscientists.Strivingtobelesswrongmightbealesseffectivemotivationthanthepromiseofbeingright.Anotherconcernisthatastrategythatworkswellwithinsciencecouldbackfirewhenitcomestocommunicatingsciencewiththepublic.Withoutanappreciationforhowscienceworks,it’seasytotakeuncertaintyordisagreementsasmarksagainstscience,wheninfacttheyreflectsomeoftheveryfeaturesofsciencethatmakeitourbestapproachtoreachingreliableconclusionsabouttheworld.Scienceisreliablebecauseitrespondstoevidence:asthequantityandqualityofourevidenceimproves,ourtheoriescanandshouldchange,too.Despitetheseworries,IlikeNosek’ssuggestionbecauseitbuildsincognitivehumilityalongwithasensethatwecandobetter.Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity-we’reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.Unfortunately,thisstillleavesuswithanuntestedhypothesis:thatassumingoneiswrongcanchangecommunitynormsforthebetter,andultimatelysupportbetterscienceandeven,perhaps,betterdecisionsinlife.Idon’tknowifthat’strue.Infact,Ishouldprobablyassumethatit’swrong.Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbestmethodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.12.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatisthecoremessageofBrianNosek’sadvice?A.Scientistsshouldalwaysbeconfidentintheirmethods.B.Thescientificmethodisunchanginganduniversal.C.Thereisaneedforamoreself-reflectiveapproachinthescientificcommunity.D.Methodologicalreformersareoftencriticizedunfairly.13.Inthecontextofthearticle,whatdoestheterm“methodologicalreformers”mostlikelyreferto?A.Peoplewhoareagainstscientificreforms.B.Scientistswhoadvocateforchangesinscientificmethods.C.Individualswhoareresistanttochangeintheirscientificwork.D.Criticswhoquestionthevalueofscientificmethods.14.Whatisapotentialbenefitofadoptingthe“assumeyouarewrong”strategyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Itcanreducepersonalattacksinscientificdebates.B.Itmayleadtoadecreaseinthemotivationofscientists.C.Itwillmakescientificconclusionsmorereliable.D.Itcanimprovethepublic’sunderstandingofscience.15.Consideringthe“assumeyouarewrong”strategy,whichofthefollowingapplicationsinnon-scientificfieldsismostlikelytoalignwiththeprinciplesdiscussedinthearticle?A.Encouragingbusinessleaderstoalwaystrusttheirinitialinstinctsinmakingdecisions.B.Trainingpoliticianstobemoredefensiveabouttheirpoliciestoavoidadmittingfaults.C.Promotingacultureineducationalinstitutionswhereteachersandstudentsactivelyseekfeedbacktoimprovelearningoutcomes.D.Advisingjournaliststosticktotheirnarrativesregardlessofopposingviewstomaintainconsistency.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出“假设你错了。”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。【12题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段““Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,apsychologyprofessor,whowasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience.(“假设你错了。”这个建议来自心理学教授BrianNosek，他提出了一种追求更好科学的策略。)”可知，BrianNosek建议的核心信息是科学界需要一种更加自我反思的方法。故选C。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueoftheirlife’sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicingcriticismsinkindandconstructiveways.So,partofthechallengeisfiguringouthowtobakecriticalself-reflectionintothecultureofscienceitself,soitunfoldsasawelcomeandintegratedpartoftheprocess,andnotanembarrassingsideshow.(methodologicalreformers说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢看到自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人擅长以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。因此，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程的一个受欢迎和整合的部分，而不是尴尬的插曲。)”可知，methodologicalreformers指的是“主张改变科学方法的人”。A.Peoplewhoareagainstscientificreforms反对科学改革的人；B.Scientistswhoadvocateforchangesinscientificmethods提倡改变科学方法的科学家；C.Individualswhoareresistanttochangeintheirscientificwork在科学工作中抵制变革的个人；D.Criticswhoquestionthevalueofscientificmethods质疑科学方法价值的批评者。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong-agoalthatyourcriticpresumablyshares.(相反，从假设你错了开始，批评就更容易解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——这是一个你的批评者可能也认同的目标。)”可知，采用“假设你是错的”策略的一个潜在好处是它可以减少科学辩论中的个人攻击。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbestmethodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.(但是，借助科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能够一起减少错误。)”可知，文章讨论的原则是共同合作以减少错误。在非科学领域中，最符合这一原则的应用是在教育机构中推广一种文化，教师和学生积极寻求反馈以改善学习成果。故选C。EInaworldthat’sawake24/7,alotofushaveprettymessedupsleepingschedules.Lackofsleepharmsbothphysicalandmentalhealth.Itmayleadtoemotionalinstabilityandpoordecision-makingabilities,oftenaccompaniedbydepressivesymptoms(症状).____16____Herearesomepracticaltipstohelpyousleepbetter.Establishaconsistentsleepschedule.Setaregularsleepandwaketimetotrainyourbody'sinternalclock.____17____Anditalsomakesiteasiertofallasleepatareasonablehour.AIMforseventoninehoursofsleepeachnighttoensureyou'rewell-rested.____18____Establishingarelaxingpre-sleeproutinesignalstoyourbrainthatit'stimetowinddown.Activitieslikereading,listeningtocalmingmusic,ortakingawarmbathcanhelprelaxbothmindandbody.Avoidintensephysicalactivitiesoranystressfultasks,astheymakeithardertosettledown.Limitingscreenexposureisalsocrucial.____19____Improveyoursleepenvironment.Makeyourbedroomcool(18—22℃),quiet,anddark.Youcandothisbyhangingcurtainstoblockoutlight,aswellasconsideringearplugsorwhitenoiseifnoiseisanissue.___20___Finally,reserveyourbedforsleepandrelaxationratherthanforworkingorwatchingTV.Thishelpsyourbrainassociatethebedroomwithrest,promotingearlierandmorerestfulsleep.A.Createacalmingbedtimeroutine.B.Adjustyourbody’sinternalclock.C.Additionally,investinqualitybeddingforeasiersleep.D.Asteadyschedulehelpsimprovethequalityofyoursleep.E.Mildsymptomscansometimesbemanagedwithregularexercise.F.Overtime,itmayalsoincreasetheriskofseriousphysicalillnesses.G.Thisisbecausethebluelightgivenoutbydevicescandisturbyoursleep.【答案】16.F17.D18.A19.G20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了缺乏睡眠的危害及提供了建立稳定作息、睡前放松、改善睡眠环境等助眠的实用建议。【16题详解】由上文“Lackofsleepharmsbothphysicalandmentalhealth.Itmayleadtoemotionalinstabilityandpoordecision-makingabilities,oftenaccompaniedbydepressivesymptoms(症状).(缺乏睡眠会损害身心健康。它可能导致情绪不稳定和决策能力差，常伴有抑郁症状。)”可知，本空应继续阐述缺乏睡眠的负面影响。F选项“Overtime,itmayalsoincreasetheriskofseriousphysicalillnesses.(随着时间的推移，它也可能增加患严重身体疾病的风险。)”可知，是对上文内容的进一步补充，说明了长期缺乏睡眠的严重后果，符合题意。故选F。【17题详解】由上文“Establishaconsistentsleepschedule.Setaregularsleepandwaketimetotrainyourbody'sinternalclock.(建立一个一致的睡眠时间表。设定固定的睡眠和起床时间来训练你的生物钟。)”以及下文“Anditalsomakesiteasiertofallasleepatareasonablehour.AIMforseventoninehoursofsleepeachnighttoensureyou'rewell-rested.(而且它还能让你在合理的时间更容易入睡。每晚的目标是睡7到9个小时，以确保你休息得很好。)”可知，本空应说明固定睡眠时间表的好处。D选项“Asteadyschedulehelpsimprovethequalityofyoursleep.(稳定的作息有助于提高你的睡眠质量。)”是对上文内容的总结，并引出了下文关于睡眠质量的进一步讨论，符合题意。故选D。【18题详解】由下文“Establishingarelaxingpre-sleeproutinesignalstoyourbrainthatit'stimetowinddown.Activitieslikereading,listeningtocalmingmusic,ortakingawarmbathcanhelprelaxbothmindandbody.(建立一个放松的睡前习惯向你的大脑发出信号，表明是时候放松了。阅读、听舒缓的音乐或洗个热水澡等活动可以帮助放松身心。)”可知，本空应提出关于建立睡前习惯的建议。A选项“Createacalmingbedtimeroutine.(创造一个平静的睡前习惯。)”是对下文内容的概括，符合题意。故选A。【19题详解】由上文“Limitingscreenexposureisalsocrucial.(限制屏幕暴露也很重要。)”可知，本空应解释为什么限制屏幕暴露很重要。G选项“Thisisbecausethebluelightgivenoutbydevicescandisturbyoursleep.(这是因为设备发出的蓝光会干扰你的睡眠。)”是对上文内容的解释，说明了蓝光对睡眠的负面影响，符合题意。故选G。【20题详解】由上文“Improveyoursleepenvironment.Makeyourbedroomcool(18—22℃),quiet,anddark.Youcandothisbyhangingcurtainstoblockoutlight,aswellasconsideringearplugsorwhitenoiseifnoiseisanissue.(改善你的睡眠环境。让你的卧室凉爽（18-22℃）、安静、黑暗。你可以通过挂窗帘来遮挡光线，如果噪音是个问题，也可以考虑使用耳塞或白噪音。)”可知，本空应继续给出改善睡眠环境的建议。C选项“Additionally,investinqualitybeddingforeasiersleep.(此外，投资高质量的床上用品有助于更容易入睡。)”是对上文内容的补充，提供了另一个改善睡眠环境的建议，符合题意。故选C。三、语言运用（本大题共2节，25小题，共30分）第一节完形填空Thegrowingvolumeofhouseholdwastebasbecomeapressingcrisisinmoderncities.Shanghai,asoneoftheworld’smostpopulousmetropolises,facesparticularchallengesinmanagingthe30,000tonsofdomestictrash_____21_____daily.However,throughsystematicclassificationandinnovativesolutions,thecityisgraduallybuildinga/an_____22_____modelforsustainablewastemanagement.Theprocessbeginswithresidentssortingwasteintofour_____23_____:recyclables,hazardouswaste,wetwaste(kitchenscraps),anddrywaste.Thiscrucialstep,_____24_____implementedin2019,requirescitizenstodevelopnewhabits.Ms.Li,acommunityvolunteer,explains,“Atfirst,manyfoundtherules_____25_____,butnowover90%ofhouseholdsinourneighborhood_____26_____separatetheirtrashcorrectly.”Aftercollection,specializedtruckstransportdifferentcategoriestocorrespondingfacilities.Wetwasteundergoes_____27_____treatmenttoproducebiogasforelectricitygeneration,_____28_____drywasteiseitherincineratedforenergyrecoveryorsenttolandfills.AdvancedtechnologieslikeAI-poweredsortingrobotsandwaste-to-energyplantshavesignificantly_____29_____recyclingefficiency.Theenvironmentalimpactisremarkable.Properclassificationreduceslandfillusageby30%anddecreasesgreenhousegasemissionsby45%._____30_____,recycledmaterialssuchasplasticsandpaperconservenaturalresources.“Ourgoalistoachievezerowaste-to-landfillby2035,”saysamunicipalofficial.“Thisdemandsbothtechnological_____31_____andcontinuouspublicparticipation.”Studentsplayavitalroleinthiscampaign.Manyschoolshaveestablished“greenclubs”topromoteenvironmentalawareness.ZhangWei,ahighschoolstudent,shareshisexperience:"Weorganizecampusworkshopsanddesignappsto_____32_____recyclingknowledge.Smalldailyactions—likeusingreusablebags—collectivelymakeahuge_____33_____.”Whilechallengesremain,Shanghai’sprogressdemonstratesthaturbanwastemanagementcanbetransformedthrough_____34_____efforts.Asthecitycontinuestorefineitsstrategies,itsetsan_____35_____exampleforsustainabledevelopmentworldwide.21.A.consumed B.generated C.imported D.recycled22.A.temporary B.flexible C.efficient D.effective23.A.categories B.zones C.levels D.means24.A.temporarily B.approximately C.accidentally D.initially25.A.straightforward B.sentimental C.confusing D.outdated26.A.reluctantly B.consistently C.occasionally D.partially27.A.chemical B.mechanical C.experimental D.biological28.A.while B.unless C.because D.although29.A.boosted B.measured C.restricted D.revealed30.A.Nevertheless B.Consequently C.Meanwhile D.Similarly31.A.innovations B.regulations C.investments D.traditions32.A.simplify B.spread C.debate D.justify33.A.prediction B.compromise C.difference D.profit34.A.individual B.isolated C.commercial D.delayed35.A.inspiring B.fancy C.relieving D.striking【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.D25.C26.B27.D28.A29.A30.C31.A32.B33.C34.A35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海作为人口大都市，日均产生约3万吨生活垃圾，通过2019年起实施的四类垃圾分类，结合AI分拣机器人等技术提升回收效率，减少填埋和排放，学生也参与其中，正迈向2035年零填埋目标，为全球提供范例。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上海作为世界上人口最密集的都市之一，每天产生的约3万吨生活垃圾管理问题尤为严峻。A.consumed消耗；B.generated产生；C.imported进口；D.recycled回收利用。根据上文“30,000tonsofdomestictrash”此处指每天要产生约3万吨生活垃圾。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，通过系统的分类和创新的解决方案，这座城市正逐步建立起一套有效的可持续垃圾管理模式。A.temporary暂时的；B.flexible灵活的；C.efficient效率高的；D.effective有效的。根据上文“throughsystematicclassificationandinnovativesolutions”以及后文“Theprocessbeginswithresidentssortingwasteintofour”提到了垃圾分类，所以是这座城市正逐步建立起一套有效的可持续垃圾管理模式。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个过程始于居民将垃圾分为四类：可回收物、有害垃圾、湿垃圾（厨余垃圾）和干垃圾。A.categories类别；B.zones区域；C.levels水平；D.means方式。根据后文“recyclables,hazardouswaste,wetwaste(kitchenscraps),anddrywaste.”可知，垃圾被分为四个类别。故选A。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这一关键步骤于2019年首次推行，要求民众养成新的习惯。A.temporarily暂时地；B.approximately大约；C.accidentally意外地；D.initially首先。根据后文“implementedin2019”可知，垃圾分类2019年首次推行，故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：句意：李女士是一位社区志愿者，她解释道：“起初，很多人觉得这些规定很令人困惑的。但现在，我们小区超过90%的家庭都能持续正确地进行垃圾分类了。”A.straightforward简单的；B.sentimental情感的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.outdated过时的。根据后文“butnow”中but表示转折，推测起初对此感到困惑，后来可以正确分类。故选C。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：李女士是一位社区志愿者，她解释道：“起初，很多人觉得这些规定很令人困惑的。但现在，我们小区超过90%的家庭都能持续正确地进行垃圾分类了。”A.reluctantly不情愿地；B.consistently始终；C.occasionally偶尔；D.partially不完全地。根据后文“separatetheirtrashcorrectly”指超过90%的家庭都能持续正确地进行垃圾分类了。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：湿性废弃物会经过生物处理以产生用于发电的沼气，而干性废弃物则要么通过焚烧来回收能量，要么被送至垃圾填埋场。A.chemical化学的；B.mechanical机械的；C.experimental实验性的；D.biological生物的。根据后文“treatmenttoproducebiogasforelectricitygeneration”可知，沼气需要经过生物处理。故选D。【28题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：湿性废弃物会经过生物处理以产生用于发电的沼气，而干性废弃物则要么通过焚烧来回收能量，要么被送至垃圾填埋场。A.while然而，当……时候；B.unless除非；C.because因为；D.although虽然。根据上文“Wetwaste”以及后文“drywaste”可知为对比关系，用while。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：诸如人工智能驱动的分拣机器人和将废弃物转化为能源的工厂等先进技术，极大地提高了回收利用的效率。A.boosted促进，提高；B.measured测量；C.restricted限制；D.revealed揭示。根据后文“recyclingeffici