期中复习Unit1-4语法复习译林版英语八年级上册

期中复习：8AU14语法复习【知识梳理】U1：形容词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。1.形容词比较级、最高级的构成(1)规则变化变化规则例词单音节词及部分双音节词大多数词在词尾加er或estlong→longer→longest以e结尾的词在词尾加r或stnice→nicer→nicestlate→later→latest以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加er或esteasy→easier→easiesthappy→happier→happiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加er或estbig→bigger→biggestthin→thinner→thinnest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautifulcareful→morecareful→mostcareful(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestill/badworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast注意有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。clever→cleverer/moreclever→cleverest/mostcleverold→older/elder→oldest/eldestfar→farther/further→farthest/furthest2.形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式(1)形容词比较级①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。Thisparkislargerthanthatone.注意形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、alot、abit、alittle、far、even、still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。LilyisalittletallerthanLucy.Ourcityismuchmorebeautifulthantheirs.②"比较级+and+比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"moreandmore+形容词"。Mybrotherisfatterandfatter.Itwasbeingmoreandmoredifficulttoliveonhissalary.③"......级...,the+比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。Thebusiermymotheris,thehappiershefeels.Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou'llmake.④"Which/Who...+比较级,AorB?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。Whoisstronger,TomorJim?⑤"the+比较级+ofthetwo+可数名词复数"表示"两个…中较…的那个"。Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.(2)形容词最高级①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。此外,常用结构"oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最…的…之一"。Peteristhetallestinourclass.It'soneofthemostdifficultproblemsinmywork.②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。Joeisthesecondtallestboyinourclass.Kateismybestfriend.3.含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)"="形容词比较级+thananyother+单数名词(+范围)"="形容词比较级+thantheother+复数名词(+范围)"ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.=ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.=ChinaislargerthantheothercountriesinAsia.【巩固练习】1．Thesedays,thepriceofthevegetablesis________thanbefore.Icannotalmostbuyit.A．high B．moreexpensive C．muchhigher D．themostexpensive【答案】C2．—Whydosomanypeopleshoponlineonthe11thofNovember?—Becausethepriceofthingsis________thanusual.TherearebigsalesforSingles’Day.A．morelower B．morecheaper C．muchcheaper D．muchlower【答案】D3．—DidyouwatchthefilmTheVolunteersduringtheholiday?—Yes,ofcourse.Itis_________thantheotherfilms,Ithink.Iwanttoseeitagain.A．interesting B．moreinteresting C．lessinteresting D．themostinteresting【答案】B4．—HowwasyourtriptotheparklastSunday?—Itcouldn’tbe________.Welostourwayintheparkanditkeptrainingalltheday.A．nicer B．worst C．worse D．good【答案】C5．—Hey,Bob.Itseemsthateveryoneistryingtobe________.—Yeah.________peoplearesittingaround.Instead,theyexercisemoreandeatlessfastfood.A．morehealthy;Fewer B．healthier;Fewer C．healthier;Less D．morehealthy;More【答案】B6．—Remembertoputonwarmclothes.It’sgetting_________thesedays.—Iwishtheweatherinwintercouldbeas_________asthatinspring.A．hotter;warm B．colder;warm C．hotter;warmer D．colder;warmer【答案】B7．Ourcountrywillbe_________aslongaseachofustriestoworkharder.A．goodandgood B．betterandbetter C．badandbad D．worseandworse【答案】B8．Thenewspapersaysthenumberofthewildanimalsinourcountry_________now.A．isgettingfewerandfewerB．isgettingsmallerandsmallerC．isgettinglessandlessD．aregettingsmallerandsmaller【答案】B9．________animalsareindangerandtherewillbe________spaceforthemifwedon’tprotectthem.A．Moreandmore;moreandmore B．Lessandless;lessandlessC．Moreandmore;lessandless D．Lessandless;moreandmore【答案】C10．—Howcarefulyouare,Helen!—Wemust.Asweallknowthat________wedo,________mistakeswewillmake.A．themorecareful;thefewer B．themorecarefully;thelessC．themorecareful;theless D．themorecarefully;thefewer【答案】D11．Boysandgirls,themore________youareduringtheexam,the________mistakesyou’llmake.A．carefully;less B．carelessly;fewer C．careful;more D．careless;more【答案】D12．SunYingshaismorepopularthan________aftertheOlympicGamesinParis.SheisoftenatopsearchontheInternet.A．anyothertabletennisplayer B．anytabletennisplayerC．theothertabletennisplayer D．alltheothertennisplayers【答案】A13．Maxspends________timethan________readingEnglishinhisclass.A．fewer;anystudents B．less;anystudentC．fewer;anyotherstudents D．less;anyotherstudent【答案】D14．—Chinawonmoregoldmedalsthan________inEurope(欧洲)intheParisOlympicGamesin2024.—Whatexcitingnewitis!Ifeelproudofourcountry!A．anyothercountries B．theothercountries C．anycountry D．othercountries【答案】C15．—HowdoyoulikethemovieVolunteers:XiongbingAttack《志愿军》?—Oh,sowonderfulandmoving!Idon’tthinkIwillsee________one.A．thebetter B．thebest C．abest D．abetter【答案】D16．—Howwastheactionmovieyousawlastnight?—Itcouldn’tbe________.Icouldn’tstanditandstayedthereforjusttwentyminutes.A．better B．best C．worse D．worst【答案】C17．IfyoupareLinda________Mary,youwillfindMaryis________ofthetwo.A．to;thesmarter B．with;smarter C．to;smarter D．with;thesmarter【答案】D18．Jimis________ofthetwo.A．taller B．thetaller C．tallest D．thetallest【答案】B19．—Howdoyoufeeltoday?—________.Icoughedbadlythismorning.A．Muchbetter B．Morebetter C．Moreworse D．Evenworse【答案】D20．Thedumplingsare_________thanthenoodles,Ithink.A．verynice B．themostdeliciousC．muchdelicious D．muchmoredelicious【答案】DU2：数量的比较(1)more...than结构表示“比…多”,more后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。IhavemorestorybooksthanDavid.我的故事书比戴维的多。Peterhasmoremilkthanme.彼得的牛奶比我的多。(2)fewer/less...than结构表示“比…少”,可数名词复数用fewer修饰,不可数名词用less修饰。Danielstudiesfewersubjectsthanme.丹尼尔学的科目比我少。Janespendslessmoneyonsnacksthanyou.简花在零食上的钱比你少。(3)themost表示“在…当中是最多的”。most是many和much的最高级，与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。Shesangthemostsongsattheparty.在聚会上，她唱的歌最多。(4)thefewest表示“在…当中是最少的”。fewest是few的最高级，与可数名词复数连用。Tomasksthefewestquestionsinourclass.在我们班上汤姆提的问题最少。(5)theleast表示“在…当中是最少的”。least是little的最高级，与不可数名词连用。Danieldidtheleastworkyesterdayafternoon.丹尼尔昨天下午做的工作最少。U2：as...as的用法1.当我们想表达“和…一样”时,常用“as+形容词原级/副词原级+as”结构。 Thisparkisaslargeasthatone.这个公园和那个公园一样大。Hestudiesashardashisbrother.他学习和他弟弟一样努力。当我们想表达“和…不一样,不如/不及…”时,常用“notas/so+形容词原级/副词原级+as”结构。I’mnotas/sotallashim.我没有他高。2.notas/so...as与比较级结构之间的转换“notas/so...as”结构意为“不及,不如…”,也可以用比较级结构来转换。Cyclingisnotas/sodangerousasdiving.=Cyclingislessdangerousthandiving.=Divingismoredangerousthancycling.骑自行车没有潜水危险。Jimdoesn'trunas/sofastasmysister.=Jimrunsmoreslowlythanmysister.=MysisterrunsfasterthanJim.吉姆没有我妹妹跑得快。【练一练】1．ThetyphoonBebinca(贝碧嘉),______level(级别)thisyear,hitShanghailastmonth,____windsupto151kph.A．thehighest,with B．higher,as C．higher,with D．thehighest,as【答案】A2．Asthe________swimmerintheteam,shealwaysspendsasmuchtimeasshecan________swimming.A．fastest,practising B．faster,practise C．fastest,practise D．faster,practising【答案】A3．________youpractice,________youcanunderstand.A．Much;good B．More;better C．Themore;thebetter D．Themost;thebest【答案】C4．—Whosings________,youorJack?—Jack,butIdance________thanhim!A．moreloudly;better B．loudly;well C．moreloudly;good D．loudly;better【答案】A5．________youread,________youwillbee.A．Themore;themostclever B．Themore;thecleverer C．Themost;theclever【答案】B6．—Whichsportdoyoulike________,swimmingorrunning?—Swimming.IbeganswimmingwhenIwas10yearsold.A．good B．better C．best D．thebest【答案】B7．Adamruns________inourclass,soweallthinkhecantakepartinthesportsmeeting.A．faster B．fastest C．earlier D．earliest【答案】B8．—Ourclassdidwellintheschoolsingingpetition.—Yes,yousang________ofall.A．beautifully B．morebeautifully C．mostbeautiful D．mostbeautifully【答案】D9．—ThepricesofthethingsinWandaMallarenot________inothermalls.—Yes,andtherearemorefunplacestogo.A．asexpensiveasthisB．ashighasthisC．asexpensiveasthose D．ashighasthose【答案】D10．SomedayShanghaiwillbeeas________asHongKong.A．busy B．busier C．busiest D．thebusiest【答案】A11．—Areyouandyoursisterdifferent?—Yes.Sheis________thanme,butIamas________asher.A．tall;thin B．taller;thinner C．taller;thin D．tall;thinner【答案】C12．Youthinkthisbookisthebest?ButIthinkitis________thatone.A．asinterestingas B．lessinterestingC．notasinterestingas D．moreinterestingthan【答案】C13．Hedoesn’thave________Ido.A．asmanyfriendas B．asmanyasfriendsC．somanyfriendsas D．asmanyfriends【答案】C14．Don’tjustbelieve(相信)theadvertisement.Thiskindofbookis______itsays.A．asgoodas B．notsogoodas C．aswellas D．notaswellas【答案】B15．Therainisn’tas________asitwasyesterday.A．heavily B．heavy C．moreheavily D．heavier【答案】BU3：副词的比较级和最高级一、副词比较级、最高级的构成变化规则例词单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er或esthard→harder→hardest以不发音的字母e结尾的词后加r或stlate→later→latest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为i,再加er或estearly→earlier→earliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautifully→morebeautifully→mostbeautifullycarefully→morecarefully→mostcarefully不规则变化well→better→bestbadly→worse→worstfar→further/farther→furthest/farthest二、副词的比较级用法(1)句型“A...比较级+thanB”,意为“A比B更……”。当than前后使用的动词相同时,than后通常用助动词代替动词,助动词也可省略。一些词或短语可以修饰副词的比较级,如:alittle,much,far,alot,even等。Roseranfasterthantheothergirls(did).JimworksmuchharderthanKate(does).(2)句型“...比较级,AorB?”,意为“A和B谁更……?”。Whojumpshigher,JimorTom?(3)句型“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore+原级”,意为“越来越…”,表示程度加深。Heranfasterandfaster.Itrainedmoreandmoreheavily.(4)句型“the+比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越…,(就)越…”。Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillgetthere.三、副词的最高级用法副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较,表示其中的一方在这个范围中“最…”,多由介词in、of或among等来说明比较的范围。LiMingjumps(the)highestinourschool.Billswims(the)fastestamongthethreeboys.U3：反身代词(1)人称代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves(2)常见短语:自学teachoneself=learnbyoneself独自byoneself=alone=onone’sown玩得开心enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun请自便helponeself(tosth.)保密keepthesecrettooneself自言自语saytooneself注意:反身代词使用语境:当宾语和主语为同一对象时，宾语用反身代词。【练一练】1．—TheChinesefootballteamlostthegameagain.—IwasverysadbutIalwaystell_______nottolosehope.A．me B．my C．mine D．myself【答案】D2．—Canyoumakesureyoucanfinishtheworkallby________intwodays’time?—Yes.Ican.A．yourselves B．yourself C．ourselves D．myself【答案】B3．—WhatdoyouthinkoftheprogrammeRunnigMan?—TheTVprogramme______issowonderful.A．itself B．ourselves C．themselves D．myself【答案】A4．—Youhadsevendays________duringtheNationalDayholiday,didn’tyou?—Exactly.Andweenjoyed________somuchduringtheholiday.A．away;ourselves B．away;yourself C．off;ourselves D．off;yourselves【答案】C5．—Don’tplaywiththefire,youwillhurt________,Mike.—Sorry,Iwon’t.A．itself B．himself C．yourself D．yourselves【答案】C6．—Whotaught________English?HespeakslikeanEnglishman!—Helearneditby________.A．his;himself B．him;him C．him;himself【答案】C7．—Doyoulearnsomelifeskillstolookafter________,LucyandLily?—Ofcourse.Ourparentsarebusy.A．themselves B．yourself C．yourselves【答案】C8．—MissLi,Ifindithardtomake________listentoyoucarefullyforlongperiods.—Maybeyoushouldhaveenoughsleepandtakenoteswhilelisteningtome.A．myself B．yourself C．themselves D．ourselves【答案】A9．—Jim,believein________,andyoucanmakeit!—Thanks,Iwill.A．himself B．yourself C．itself D．myself【答案】B10．—WhatdidyoubuywhenyouwereonholidayinShanghai?—Iboughtnothingfor________,butIboughtatoycarformybrother.A．himself B．yourself C．myself D．herself【答案】CU4：祈使句当我们向他人发出命令，提出要求或建议时，常使用祈使句。祈使句的祝愿时you（听话人），通常不明确表示出来。句式结构例句肯定句Do型：动词原形（+宾语）+其他成分。Haveaseathere.Be型：Be+n/adj+其他成分。Beagoodchild!Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Letmehelpyou.否定句Do型和Be型均在句首加Don’t构成。Don’tbelateforschool!Let型的否定形式有两种：Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分。Don’tlethimgo.=Lethimnotgo.（1）有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.（2）有些祈使句可用No开头，用来表示禁止。Nosmoking!（3）为了使祈使句听来比较客气，委婉，除了用please外，句末还可用willyou。Readthetext,willyou?（4）在祈使句的前面加上do可以加强语气。Doremembertocallme.（5）祈使句的答句常用一般将来时。Don’tsmokehere.Sorry,Iwon’t.U4：should和hadbetter词汇用法例句should意为“应当,应该”,表达责任、义务、劝告等,没有人称、数和时态的变化。Weshoulddowhattheteachertoldus.hadbetter常简写为’dbetter意为“最好”,表示劝告、建议,其否定式为hadbetternot。You’dbettergotohospitalatonce.You'dbetternotforgettodoyourhomework.【练一练】1．________ourclubandyoucanlearnmanyne