备战2026年高考英语考试易错题（新高考）易错点14 阅读理解主旨大意题（解析版）

易错点14阅读理解主旨大意题

目录

01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）

02举一反三

【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点

【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点

【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点

03易错题通关

易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。

【分析】

标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。她的特点是短小精悍，多为

短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，

此时应当先划出选项的关键词。

此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，

此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。

易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。

【分析】每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。如

果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词

文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。

易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。

【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关

键词句来概括。如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映

人物特点的形容词。文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的。此时，要注意转折词，

如：but,however,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary等。

【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点

【例1】（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）ThehistoryoftheWestisnotwhatyoulearnedinschool.

Theideaofcivilizationisrelativelyrecent.Thewordwasfirstusedonlyinthemid-18thcenturyanddid

nottakeholdofWesternimaginationsuntilthelate19thcentury.Inthatimperialistage,historiansfoundthat

GreekandRomancivilizationmadenicebuildingblocksthatcouldbestackedintoagrand-lookingconstruct,

whichtheylabeled“Western”Or“European”civilization.Tothistheyattributed(归因)manyinherited“classical”

virtues:vigor,rationality,justice,democracyandcouragetoexperimentandexplore.Othercivilizations,by

contrast,wereregardedasinferior.

Oddsarestrongthatyoufirstbecameawareoftheterm“WesternCivilization”throughanintroductory

surveycourseincollegeorAPhistoryinhighschool.Andyou’velivedyourlifesincethenbelievingthat“the

West”boasts“acommonoriginresultinginasharedhistory,asharedheritage,andasharedidentity”groundedin

theclassicaleraofGreeceandRome.

Scholarsalmostalwaysreferto“theWest”whentheymakemajorstatementsaboutthefutureoftheglobe.

Well,thefactisthatthereisnosuchthingastheWest.Onemightprotest:“theWest”is“aCivilization”!

If“theWest”canevenbecalledaCivilization,thenitistheleastoriginal“Civilization”inhistory.Itis

prettywidelyacknowledgedthatvirtuallynobasictechnologieswere,strictlyspeaking,inventedinEuropeorthe

UnitedStates.Metalwork,theplow,hydrocarbonfuels,highermathematics,paper,wind-poweredseanavigation,

thecompass,powder,andsteamenginesallcamefromelsewhere.Intermsofthecrucialagriculturalproductsthat

feedeveryoneinthemodernworld,too,noneoriginatedinEurope.

SomepeoplethinkofWesterncultureandvaluesasbeingcharacterizedbydemocracy,liberalism,

enlightenment,scientificprogressandindividualism.Theyseeitasabirthrighttobepassedonfromgenerationto

generationthroughtheages.However,cultureandvaluesareoptionstobemadeactively,not“trackslaiddown

byaWesterndestiny”.Ratherthanbeingirritatingandinward-looking,mostsocietieshaveprovedreceptiveto

ideas,fashionsandtechnologiesfromtheirneighbors.

Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitle?

A．Whatis“WesternCivilization”?B．From“West”to“WesternCivilization”.

C．“WesternCivilization”,Superiorcivilization!D．Thereisnosuchthingas“WesternCivilization”.

易错分析：第一段没有出现中心主旨句时，慌乱中无中生有，按现实生活去无中生有选择干扰项。应当重

点关注第二段，尾段和其余段落的主题句。

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Well,thefactisthatthereisnosuchthingastheWest.(嗯，事实是没有

所谓的“西方”。)”可知，主要围绕西方文明是否存在展开讨论，D项“Thereisnosuchthingas“Western

Civilization”.(没有“西方文明”这样的东西。)”最能概括全文，故选D项。

【变式1】（24-25高三上·重庆沙坪坝·阶段练习）Whenayoungsawfly,abee-likeinsect,isthreatenedby

itsattackerslikeants,itemitsamixtureofunpleasantsmellstodefenditself.Theseemissionscanseriouslyannoy

apotentialenemy.

Scientistswantingtostudythesesmellycompounds—tounderstandwhichaspectsofthemdiscourage

attackersandwhy—facegreatchallenges.Jean-LucBoevé,azoologistwhostudiesinsects,fromtheRoyal

BelgianInstituteofNaturalSciences,isanamateurmusicianandcomposer.Hedecidedtotryadifferentway—

thesoundapproach.“Tobehonest,IconsideredthisprojectsounpracticalmyselfthatIsetitaside,”hesaid.It

wasmonthsbeforeBoevéandhisparther,RudiGiot,finallymadearesolutiontogetstartedonit.

Theychose16sawflyspecies’emissionstotranslateintosounds.First,theyfiguredoutwhichmolecules

(分子)werepresentineachsmellycompoundandinwhatamounts.Thentheyassignedvariouscharacteristicsof

thosemoleculesmatchingpropertiesofsound.Forexample,smallermoleculeslikeakindofacidfoundin

vinegar,asour-tastingliquid,evaporate(挥发)quickly,soBoevéandGiotassignedthemsoundswithhigher

pitch(音高).Largermoleculesweregivenlower-pitchedsounds.Inall,thescientistscreatedindividualaudio

descriptionsfor20molecules.Thentheycombinedthesoundsofeachmoleculepresentinasawfy’ssmellto

constructtheinsect’ssoundtrack.Ifamoleculewasofhigherproportioninanemission,theyassigneditahigher

volume.Insuchacase,thesmalleramoleculeis,thehigheritspitchwillbe;andthehighertheproportionofa

moleculeis,thehigheritsvolumewillbe.

Toexaminepeople’sreactionstothesoundtracks,theyplayedtheaudiodescriptionsthroughspeakersto

about50studyparticipants.Thenthescientistsmeasuredhowfarpeoplebackeduptogettoa“comfortable

position”awayfromthenoise.Mostofthestudyvolunteerstoldtheresearchersthatthehighpitch,aswellasthe

highvolume,waswhatmadethemwithdraw.“Antsandvolunteersmovedawayfromachemicalanditsmatching

soundtrackrespectively,”theresearcherswrote.

Boevésaidhehopedtheprocesswouldgiveotherzoologistsanewwaytooffercluesaboutwhich

moleculesfightoffenemiesmost.

Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A．FromSmellstoSoundtracks

B．ANewPerspectiveonMrolecules

C．AnInnovativeWayofStudyingAnts

D．ResearchesonSawfly’sEffectonHumans

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Jean-LucBoevé,azoologistwhostudiesinsects,fromtheRoyalBelgian

InstituteofNaturalSciences,isanamateurmusicianandcomposer.Hedecidedtotryadifferentway——the

soundapproach.“Tobehonest,IconsideredthisprojectsounpracticalmyselfthatIsetitaside,”hesaid.Itwas

monthsbeforeBoevéandhisparther,RudiGiot,finallymadearesolutiontogetstartedonit.(来自比利时皇家自

然科学研究所的昆虫学家Jean-LucBoevé是一位业余音乐家和作曲家。他决定尝试一种不同的方法——声

音方法。“说实话，我自己都认为这个项目太不切实际了，所以我把它搁置了一边。”他说。过了几个月，

Boevé和他的搭档RudiGiot才最终下定决心开始这项工作)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们

将锯锹甲虫释放的难闻化合物转换成声轨，并研究蚂蚁对这些声音的反应。选项A“FromSmellsto

Soundtracks(从气味到声轨)”准确地概括了文章的主要内容，即介绍一种将气味转换成声音进行研究的新

方法。故选A。

【变式2】（24-25高三上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）ImagineachildaskingachatbotorvoiceassistantifSanta

Clausisreal.HowshouldtheAIrespond,giventhatsomefamilieswouldpreferalieoverthetruth?Thisisa

dilemmainthelittle-studiedareaofrobotsdeception(欺骗).

TwoGeorgiaTechresearchers,KantwonRogersandReidenWebber,designedadrivingsimulation(模拟)

experimenttoinvestigatehowintentionalrobotdeceptionaffectstrustbetweenhumansandAI,andwhether

differenttypesofapologiescanhelprepairthattrust.

Inthesimulation,participantswereinstructedtodrivea“robot-assistedcar”tothehospitaltosavea

friend’slife,whiletheAIassistantfalselywarnedofpoliceahead,advisingparticipantstostayunderthespeed

limit.Uponreachingthehospital,participantswereinformedthattherewerenopolice,andtheyreceivedoneof

fivedifferenttext-basedresponsesfromtherobot—threeadmittingthelie,twoofferingasimpleapology

withoutadmission.Thestudyaimedtodeterminewhichtypeofapologywasmosteffectiveinrepairingtrustafter

arobot’slie.

Theresultsoftheexperimentweresurprising.45%oftheparticipantsdidnotspeed,becausetheybelieved

therobotknewmoreaboutthesituationthantheydid,revealinganoverlytrustingattitudetowardAI.Theresults

alsoindicatedthatwhilenoneoftheapologytypesfullyrecoveredtrust,theapologywithnoadmissionoflying

wasstatisticallymoreeffectiveinrepairingtrustthanotherresponses.

Theresearchers’finalgoalistocreatearobotsystemthatcanlearnwhenandhowtolieorapologize

duringhuman-AIinteractions.Buttheyacknowledgethatthisisacomplexissue.“Westillknowverylittleabout

Aldeception,butwedoknowthatlyingisnotalwaysbad,andtellingthetruthisn’talwaysgood,”Rogerssaid.

“Sohowcanwemakelawsthatsupportnewideaswithoutharmingthem,whilealsokeepingpeoplesafe?”

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．Isarobotsystempromising?B．Thehuman-AIconfidencecrisis.

C．Adilemmainhumanhonesty.D．AIdeception:badornot?

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ImagineachildaskingachatbotorvoiceassistantifSantaClausisreal.How

shouldtheAIrespond,giventhatsomefamilieswouldpreferalieoverthetruth?Thisisadilemmainthe

little-studiedareaofrobotsdeception.(想象一下，一个孩子问聊天机器人或语音助手圣诞老人是否真实存在。

鉴于一些家庭更愿意接受谎言而不是真相，人工智能应该如何回应？这是机器人欺骗这一鲜有研究的领域

中的一个困境)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论的是人工智能欺骗是好还是坏的问题，故“AIdeception:

badornot?(人工智能欺骗：好还是不好？)”是文章最佳标题。故选D项。

【变式3】（24-25高三上·辽宁·阶段练习）ArecentstudyfromtheUniversityofGuelphinCanadahas

revealedasurprisingdiscoveryaboutcommoneasternbumblebees(大黄蜂):Theseinsectscansurvive

underwaterforuptoaweek.Thisfinding,publishedinthejournalBiologyLetters,cameaboutduetoan

experimentalerrorwhenresearchersplacedhibernating(冬眠的)queenbumblebeesinwaterandfoundthem

alivedayslater.Thediscoveryhasimpressedscientists.particularlybecausebumblebeesareland-basedcreatures

nottypicallyassociatedwithwaterenvironments.

NigelRaine,aprofessorintheschoolofenvironmentalsciencesattheuniversityandthestudy’slead

author,expressedhisastonishmentattheresults.Tofurtherexplorethisphenomenon,Raineandhisteam

conductedanexperimentinvolving143hibernatingqueenbumblebees.Theydiscoveredthatthoseplaced

underwaterforuptosevendayshadsimilarsurvivalratestothosenot,indicatingthatthebees’abilitytosurvive

suchconditionsmaybemorecommonthanpreviouslythought.

Theresearchunderlinesthestrengthofbumblebeesduringtheirhibernationperiod.acriticalphaseintheir

lifecyclethathasremainedlargelyunexplored.Queenbumblebeestypicallyhibernatealoneinsmallholesduring

thecoldmonths,whicharebelievedtoprotectthemfromflooding.However,thisstudyrevealsthatthesebees

possessanunexpectedadaptation,allowingthemtosurviveeveninfloodedconditions.

Giventhesefindings,onepossibleexplanationfortheirsurvivalisdiapause,astateofsuspendedgrowth

andreproductioncharacterizedbyreducedoxygenintake.Duringthisstate.bumblebeesmayclosetheirspiracles

(气孔)topreventwaterfromenteringtheirbodies,andtheymightalsobreathethroughtheirskin.This

energy-savingmodeislikelyakeyfactorintheirabilitytosurvivebeneaththewater.

Raineemphasizedtheimportanceofunderstandingthesemechanisms,asitcouldhavesignificant

implicationsforthestudyofwildinsectsthathelpwithplantreproduction,whicharecrucialforfoodsecurityand

ecosystemhealth,Histeam’sresearchwillaimtodeterminewhetherhibernatingqueenscansurviveevenlonger

periodsunderwaterandifsimilarstrengthexistsinotherbeespecies.

Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A．BumblebeeReproductiveHabitsB．BumblebeeHibernationPatterns

C．Scientists’ExperimentalMethodsD．BumblebeeSurvivalUnderwater

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ArecentstudyfromtheUniversityofGuelphinCanadahasrevealeda

surprisingdiscoveryaboutcommoneasternbumblebees(大黄蜂):Theseinsectscansurviveunderwaterforupto

aweek.Thisfinding,publishedinthejournalBiologyLetters,cameaboutduetoanexperimentalerrorwhen

researchersplacedhibernating(冬眠的)queenbumblebeesinwaterandfoundthemalivedayslater.The

discoveryhasimpressedscientists.particularlybecausebumblebeesareland-basedcreaturesnottypically

associatedwithwaterenvironments.(加拿大圭尔夫大学最近的一项研究揭示了一个关于普通东部大黄蜂的惊

人发现:这些昆虫可以在水下存活长达一周。这一发现发表在《生物学快报》杂志上，是由于一个实验错误

造成的，当时研究人员将冬眠的大黄蜂皇后放在水中，几天后发现它们还活着。这一发现给科学家们留下

了深刻印象。特别是因为大黄蜂是陆生生物，通常与水环境无关)”以及通读全文可知，文章的主要内容集

中在大黄蜂在水下生存的发现及其意义，因此D项“BumblebeeSurvivalUnderwater(大黄蜂在水下生存)”是

最合适的标题。故选D项。

【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点

【例2】（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Engagingyourbrainactivelyatworkcanbenefityouin

morewaysthanjustadvancingyourcareer—itmayalsosafeguardyourcognitive(认知的)abilitiesandhelp

preventdementia(痴呆症)asyougetolder,anewstudyfound.

Thestudy,publishedinNeurology,analyzedhealthandoccupationaldataon7,000Norwegianswhowere

followedfromtheir30suntiltheyretiredintheir60s.“Manyotherstudiesonthistopichavelookedatthemost

recentjobsthatpeoplehave,”saidleadauthorDr.TrineEdwin,aresearcheratUniversityofOslo,“butduetothe

nationaldatabasewehaveinNorway,wewereabletofollowpeopleovermuchoftheirlifetimes.”

Todotheanalysis,Edwincategorizedthecognitivedemandsof305occupationsinNorway.More

cognitivelydemandingjobswerenotbasedonroutinetasks,eventhoughrepetitionwasrequiredattimes.“There

werelawyers,doctors,accountants,andpeopleinpublicserviceinthisgroup,butthemostcommonoccupation

wasteaching,”Edwinsaid,“aseffectivecommunicationoutsideoftheclassroomandschoolmatters.Italways

dependsonteachers’understandingsofstudents’differentsituationsandteachers’empathy.”

Havingaroutinejobwithlittlementalstimulationduringyour30s,40s,50sand60sislinkedtoa66%

higherriskofmildcognitiveimpairment(损伤)anda37%greaterriskofdementiaaftertheageof70,when

comparedwithhavinganoccupation—thatrequiresmorecomplexthinking.“Theoccupationalenvironmentis

paramountinpromotingcognitivewell-being.”saidEdwin.“Similarly,justlikewecanusephysicalexerciseto

growandmaintainourmuscles,exercisingourbrainthroughmorechallengingworkassignmentsseemstohelp

fightdementia.”

“WhileI’dguessthatpeopleatriskfordementiawouldbewellservedbytakingadvantageofprofessional

advancementopportunities,learningnewjobtasks,andrefining(改进)theirskillsatworkoveraperiodoftime,

furtherstudieswillneedtoclarifywhichspecificactivitieshavethemostbrainhealthybenefits,”Edwinadded.

Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A．activitiesthatcanrefinepeople’sskillsatwork.

B．Arecommendationforfutureresearchdirections.

C．Tipsforpeoplewhowantprofessionaladvancement.

D．Disadvantagesofroutinejobsthatneedfurtherproof.

易错分析：容易出现文不对题，找错位置。同时对文中长句不会分析句子结构，曲解文意，提炼关键词错

误。

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。根据尾段中的““WhileI’dguessthatpeopleatriskfordementiawouldbewellservedby

takingadvantageofprofessionaladvancementopportunities,learningnewjobtasks,andrefining(改进)their

skillsatworkoveraperiodoftime,furtherstudieswillneedtoclarifywhichspecificactivitieshavethemost

brainhealthybenefits,”Edwinadded.(Edwin补充说：“虽然我认为有痴呆症风险的人可以通过利用职业发展

机会，学习新的工作任务，并在一段时间内提高他们的工作技能来得到很好的服务，但进一步的研究需要

澄清哪些特定的活动对大脑健康最有好处。”)”可知，Edwin认为，虽然有痴呆症风险的人可以从一些行为

中受益，但还需要进一步的研究来阐明哪些特定的活动对大脑健康最有好处，即指出了未来的研究方向。

故选B。

【变式1】（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）“Therearefewthingsmoredelightfulthanseeingachild’s

eyeslightupastheypickupapresentandwonderwhatmightbeinside,”saysChazFirestone,anassistant

professorofpsychologicalscience,“Whatourworkshowsisthatyourmindisabletotracktheinformationthey

areseeking.Justasthey,mightbeabletotellwhat’sinsidetheboxbyshakingitaround,youcantellwhatthey

aretryingtofigureoutwhentheyshakeit.”

Ateamofresearchersrecentlyconductedafascinatingstudytolookintothesciencebehindthis

present-guessingphenomenon.Theyasked500volunteerstowatchtwovideos,eachshowingsomeoneshakinga

boxofobjectswithdifferentintentions.Inonevideo,thepersonwasattemptingtodeterminethenumberofitems

insidethebox,whileintheother,theyaimedtoidentifytheshapesoftheobjects.Surprisingly,withinafew

seconds,thestudyparticipantswereabletoaccuratelydeterminetheintentionbehindeachshake.

Accordingtotheresearchers,thisabilitytoquicklydistinguishthepurposebehindashakeinvolves

numerousmentalcalculationsandobservationsofsubtle(细微的)cuestounderstandwhatsomeoneistryingto

learnfromtheirsurroundings.Yet,weseemtodoiteasily.“Thewayyouwouldshakeapresenttofindoutifit’s

onethingormanythings,orifit’sasmallthingorabigthing,canbesubtlydifferent,”saysSholeiCroom,a

graduatestudent.“Butpeopleareamazingatpickinguponsuchdifferences.”

Whilethestudyfocusedprimarilyongift-shaking,itopensthedoortoadeeperunderstandingofhuman

perceptionandcognitiveabilities.Inthefuturetheteamwouldliketopursuewhetherpeopleobservethe

differencebetweenwhatyouwanttodoandwhatyouwanttolearn.They’realsointerestedinwhentheseskills

emergeinhumandevelopmentandifit’spossibletobuildcomputationalmodelstodetailexactlyhowobserved

physicalactionsshowcognitiveintent.

Whatisthepossibleheadofthelastparagraph?

A．ApplicationsArePromisingB．TellHandfromHead

C．WheretheResearchWillGoD．LimitationStillExists

主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Inthefuturetheteamwouldliketopursuewhetherpeopleobservethedifference

betweenwhatyouwanttodoandwhatyouwanttolearn.They’realsointerestedinwhentheseskillsemergein

humandevelopmentandifit’spossibletobuildcomputationalmodelstodetailexactlyhowobservedphysical

actionsshowcognitiveintent.(未来，团队希望探究人们是否观察到你想做什么和你想学习什么之间的区别。

他们还对这些技能何时出现在人类发展中以及是否有可能建立计算模型来详细说明观察到的身体动作如

何显示认知意图感兴趣。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了这项研究未来的发展方向，即Wheretheresearchwill

go(研究将走向何方)。故选C项。

【变式2】（24-25高三上·辽宁·阶段练习）Weliveinanimportanttimeforlanguagerevitalization(复兴).

Morethanhalftheworld’slanguagesareindangerofbeingswallowedbydominantlanguageswithinthiscentury.

That’swhytheUnitedNationsdeclared2022-2032theInternationalDecadeofIndigenous(本土的)Languages.

Butturningthetrendoflanguageextinctionisnoeasytask.Weknowthattokeeplanguagesalive,wehave

tocreateanimmersiveenvironment.Agoodexampleoftheimmersionmethodis“languagenests”,wherelittle

kidsandotherbeginnerslearnfromfluenteldersonaregularbasis.Oneofthefirstlanguagenestswasstartedin

NewZealandin1982byMaorielderswhoworriedthattheirlanguage,culture,andevenprideweredisappearing.

Theeldersdecidedtoteachchildrentheirnativetonguethroughculturallyrelevantsongandplay.

ThelanguagenestmodelwassosuccessfulthatitmigratedtoHawaiiandthenthroughouttheworld.

Languagenestsaretypicallyphysicalspacesbutcanalsobefoundonline.

Whileimmersionprogramscanhaveexcellentoutcomes,theyrequiresignificantfundingandresourcesto

remainsustainableovertime.Thelackofcapacitymakesithard:notenoughcontent,training,andteachers.

Peopledon’trealizethecostofrevitalizinglanguagesandwhatitwouldcosttorunentireeducationalsystemsin

theselanguages.Toestablishtheinstitutions,totrainthepeople,andtomakesurethepropertechniquesarein

placetowriteandreadinthelanguagesarehugechallenges.

Areaswhereoneindigenouslanguagehasthemostinfluence—suchasMaoriorHawaiianmayhavean

advantagebecausetheybeginwithafairlylargespeakerbaseandcanfocusfunding,teachertraining,and

resourcesonthatlanguage.Butcountrieswithahighleveloflanguagediversityfaceaseriouschallenge.

However,whateverittakes,it’sworthwhileforcommunitiestopreservetheirancestraltonguesforgenerationsto

come.

Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusabouttheimmersionprograms?

A．Theirpopularity.B．Theirsignificance.

C．Theirchallenges.D．Theirconsequences.

主旨大意题。根据第四段“Whileimmersionprogramscanhaveexcellentoutcomes,theyrequiresignificant

fundingandresourcestoremainsustainableovertime.Thelackofcapacitymakesithard:notenoughcontent,

training,andteachers.Peopledon’trealizethecostofrevitalizinglanguagesandwhatitwouldcosttorunentire

educationalsystemsintheselanguages.Toestablishtheinstitutions,totrainthepeople,andtomakesurethe

propertechniquesareinplacetowriteandreadinthelanguagesarehugechallenges.(虽然沉浸式课程可以有很

好的效果，但它们需要大量的资金和资源来保持可持续发展。能力的缺乏使其变得困难：没有足够的内容、

培训和教师。人们没有意识到振兴语言的成本，也没有意识到用这些语言运行整个教育系统的成本。建立

机构，培训人员，并确保适当的技术到位，用这些语言书写和阅读是巨大的挑战)”可知，第4段主要告诉

我们关于沉浸式课程面临的挑战。故选C。

【变式3】（24-25高三上·辽宁·阶段练习）Antaretica(南极洲)isthecoldestplaceonEarth.It’salsothe

driest.Withannualrainfallclosetozero,Antareticaistechnicallyadesert.Coveringabout14millionsquare

kilometersaroundtheSouthPole,itisthefifthlargestcontinentintheworld.Ahighmountainrange,theTrans-

Antarcticrange,runsfromeasttowest,cuttingthecontinentintwo.Therearevolcanoestoo,buttheyarenotvery

active.Antarcticaholds90%oftheworld’sice,andmostofitsfreshwater(70%)isinafrozenstate,of

course.98%ofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap.Onaverageitistwokilometersthick,butin

someplacesitreachesadepthoffivekilometers.Strongwindsdrivenbygravityblowfromthepoletothe

coastline,whileotherwindsblowroundthecoast.Itisdifficulttoimagineamoreinhospitable(不宜居的)place.

YetAntarcticaisfullofwildlife,whichhasadaptedtoitsextremeconditions.Therearedifferenttypesof

penguins,flyingbirds,seals,andwhales.ButthelongAntarcticwinternight,whichlastsfor182days(thelongest

periodofcontinuousdarknessonearth),aswellastheextremecoldandlackofrainfall,meansthatfewtypesof

plantscansurvivethere.Onlytwotypesoffloweringplantsarefound,whiletherearenotreesonthelarge

continent.Therestoftheplantsaremadeupofmosses,algaeandlichen.Someformsofalgaehaveadaptedto

growonice.

Mostoftheicehasbeenthereforthousandsofyears.Asaresult,ithasbecomeawindowonthepast,and

cangiveresearcherslotsofusefulinformation.Gasesandminerals,inthe’formofvolcanicdusttrappedintheice,

cantellusalotaboutwhattheworld’sclimatewaslikeinpastages.Antarcticrocksarealsoveryimportantfor

research.Mostofthemaremeteorites(陨石)fromouterspace.Onerock,knownasthe“Alien”rock,maycontain

evidenceofextra-terrestrial(外星人)life.

Antarcticawasthelastcontinenttobediscovered.ButmorethantwothousandyearsagoGreek

geographersbelievedthattherewasalargelandmassinthesouthwhichbalancedthelandinthenorth.They

calleditAnti-Arktikos,orAntarctica:theoppositeofAretic(北极).WhenEuropeansdiscoveredthecontinentof

Americain15century,thegreatageofexplorationbegan.However,progresstotheSouthPolewasslow.Not

untilthelate18hcenturydidtheBritishexplorerJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticCircle,butheneversawland.

Thenin1895,aNorwegiancalledCarstensBorchgrevinkbecamethefirstmantosetfootontheAntarctic

mainland.Theracetothepolehadbegun.Itwasfinallyreachedon11-December,1911bytheNorwegianRoald

Amundsen.

WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusinParagraph2?

A．AllAntarcticplantsgrowonice.

B．Animalscan’tsurvivetheAntarcticpolarnight.

C．Antarcticahasagreatvarietyofplants.

D．DespitetheextremeconditionsinAntarctica,manyplantsandanimalslivethere.

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极洲的地理特征、气候、野生动植物以及科学研究价值等方面的信

息。

主旨大意题。根据第二段“YetAntarcticaisfullofwildlife,whichhasadaptedtoitsextremeconditions.There

aredifferenttypesofpenguins,flyingbirds,seals,andwhales.ButthelongAntarcticwinternight,whichlastsfor

182days(thelongestperiodofcontinuousdarknessonearth),aswellastheextremecoldandlackofrainfall,

meansthatfewtypesofplantscansurvivethere.Onlytwotypesoffloweringplantsarefound,whilethereareno

treesonthelargecontinent.Therestoftheplantsaremadeupofmosses,algaeandlichen.Someformsofalgae

haveadaptedtogrowonice.(然而，南极洲到处都是野生动物，它们已经适应了这里的极端环境。有不同种

类的企鹅、飞鸟、海豹和鲸鱼。但南极漫长的冬夜长达182天(地球上最长的连续黑暗时期)，加上极端寒

冷和缺乏降雨，意味着很少有植物能在那里生存。只有两种开花植物被发现，而在这个大大陆上没有树木。

其余的植物由苔藓、藻类和地衣组成。有些种类的藻类已经适应了在冰上生长)”可知，本段主要讲述了尽

管南极洲条件极端，但许多动植物都生活在那里。故选D项。

【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点

【例3】（2024·贵州遵义·一模）Inthelastfewdecades,scientistshavemadeenormousbreakthroughsin

understandinghowourbrainsworkbymonitoringtheminrealtimewithfMRIandPETscanners.Whenpeople

arehookeduptothesemachines,tasks,suchasreadingordoingmathproblems,eachhavecorrespondingareasof

thebrainwhereactivitiescanbeobserved.Butwhenresearchersgottheparticipantstolistentomusic,theysaw

fireworks.Someareasoftheirbrainswerelightingupatonce,astheyprocessedthesound,tookitapartto

understandelementslikemelodyandrhythm,andthenputitallbacktogetherintocombinedmusicalexperience.

Yetwhenscientiststurnedfromobservingthebrainsofmusiclistenerstothoseofmusicians,thelittle

backyardfireworksbecameamassivecelebration.Itturnsoutthatplayingmusicissimilartoafull-bodyworkout.

Playingamusicalinstrumentengagespracticallyeveryareaofthebrainatonce,especiallythevisual,auditory,

andmotorcortices(大脑皮层).

Themostobviousdifferencebetweenlisteningtomusicandplayingitisthatthelatterrequiresfinemotor

skills,whicharecontrolledinbothhemispheres(半球)ofthebrain.Italsocombinesth