教育英语教程 课件 3

HowTeachersMakeChildrenHateReading

ByJohnHolt目录IBackgroundIILead-inIIIOverviewIVExploringtheTextVSummaryVICriticalReadingVIIExtendedLearningIBackgroundAbouttheauthorJohnHoltAnAmericancriticofpubliceducationwhobecameoneofthemostprominentadvocatesforhomeschoolinginthelate1970sandearly1980s.Hisfirstbook,HowChildrenFail(1964)wasproclaimedbycriticsandeducatorsforshowingclearlywhatchildrenreallydidinschoolandwhattheyreallythoughtandfelt.ToquoteEliotFremont-Smith’sreviewinTheNewYorkTimes,thebookis“possiblythemostpenetrating,andprobablythemosteloquent,bookoneducationtobepublishedinrecentyears.”/who-was-john-holtWhatmakesagoodreader?Canyouexplainyour

definitionof“good”readers?II.Lead-inquestionCommonqualitiesofagoodreaderAgoodreadercomprehendsthewriting,understandswhattheauthoristryingtosay,andabsorbsasmuchknowledgeaspossibletolearnandgrow.Andmostimportantly,agoodreaderissomeonewhokeepsreading!Someofthemostcommonqualitiesyouwillfindamonggoodreadersare:Reflectonthetext.Learnastheyread.Expandtheirvocabulary.Shapentheirbrain.Getthroughcomplicatedwriting.Putdifferentskillsinreading.Takenotes.Visualizethetext.Predictthenextpart.Relatetowhattheyread.Researchmore.II.Lead-inDiscussionWhatapproachesoractivitieshaveyourEnglishteacherusedinyourEnglishreadingclass?Commentontheeffectivenessofthosestrategies.Pleasediscussinpairsfor3minutesandthenwewillinviteafewpairstosharetheirideaswiththeclass.0102DiscussionIII.OverviewMainIdeaJustasthisboldtitlesuggests,Holtlaystheblameonteachersforthewidespreadhatredamongschoolchildrentowardsreading.Hebelievesthatcertainteachingmethodsarethecauseofchildren’sfearoffailureandhumiliationintheclassroom.Thearticlefollowsaproblem-solutionstructure.ItbeginsbypresentingtheproblemthroughHolt’sownteachingexperience,whichshowsthatteachersaremissingthepointofteachingreading.Then,itanalyzeswhyverybrightkidsfromhighlyliterateandevenliterarybackgroundsdislikereadingdeeply.Finally,itproposesstrategiesforteachersandparents,suchasteachersaskingstudentstoreadonlyforpleasure,andparentshelpingtheirkidstomeettheschool’sdemandsandprovidingmoreinterestingalternativesathome.OrganizationPatternAnalysisIII.ExploringtheTextAnalyzethesentences:"Theyusuallywerestartled.Fewclaimtohavelookedupevenasmanyasathousand.Howdidtheylearntherest?Theylearnthemjustastheylearnedtotalk—bymeetingwordsoverandoveragain,indifferentcontexts,untiletheysawtheyfitted."Identifywhatthebold-facedpronounsrefertorespectivelyPart1:Paragraphs1-5DetailedExplanationWalkstudentsthroughHolt'sexperience.WhenHoltwasteachingEnglish,heusedtogivestudentsvocabularydrills,quizzesandcomprehensionquestions.Thepurposewasforstudentstounderstandthetextsthoroughly.Laterherealizedallhismethodswerefoolish.Hereflectedonhowhehimselfgottobeagoodreader.IV.ExploringtheTextPart2:

Paragraphs6-9DetailedExplanationThispartexplores

whyschoolkidsdeeplydislikereading.Itturnsoutthatteachersmakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation.

SentenceAnalysisAnalyzethesentence:"MarkTwainoncesaidthatacatthatsatonahotstovelidwouldneversitoneoneagain—butitwouldneversitonacoldoneeither.”ByquotingMarkTwain,thissentencefigurativelydescribesstudents’fearanddislikeofbooksandreading.IV.ExploringtheTextPart3:Paragraphs10-16DetailedExplanationThispartdescribes

Holt’sattemptathisnewtheoryinhisfifth-gradeEnglishclasswheremanystudentswerestrugglingwithreading.PassagesummaryReadparagraph11andsumupthedosanddon’tsforteacherswhenteachingreading.IV.ExploringtheTextPart3:Paragraphs10-16Discuss:Howcanweimproveuponthefollowingtranslationversion.

“Beforelongmanychildrenassociatebooksandreadingwithmistakes,realorfeared,andpenaltiesandhumiliation.Thismaynotseemsensible,butitisnatural.MarkTwainoncesaidthatacatthatsatonahotstovelidwouldneversitononeagain—butitwouldneversitonacoldoneeither.Astrueofchildrenasofcats.Ifthey,sotospeak,sitonahotbookafewtimes,ifbookscausethemhumiliationandpain,theyarelikelytodecidethatthesafestthingtodoistoleaveallbooksalone.”百度译文：”不久，许多孩子将书籍和阅读与真实或可怕的错误、惩罚和羞辱联系在一起。这可能看起来不明智，但这是自然的。马克·吐温曾说过，一只坐在热炉盖上的猫再也不会坐在炉子上了，但它也永远不会坐在冷炉盖上了。孩子和猫一样。可以这么说，如果他们几次坐在一本热腾腾的书上，如果书给他们带来了羞辱和痛苦，他们可能会决定最安全的办法就是把所有的书都放在一边。“IV.ExploringtheTextPart3:Paragraphs10-16Discuss:Howcanweimproveuponthefollowingtranslationversion.“Beforelongmanychildrenassociatebooksandreadingwithmistakes,realorfeared,andpenaltiesandhumiliation.Thismaynotseemsensible,butitisnatural.MarkTwainoncesaidthatacatthatsatonahotstovelidwouldneversitononeagain—butitwouldneversitonacoldoneeither.Astrueofchildrenasofcats.”参考译文：”不久之后，许多孩子就会把书籍和阅读与错误联系在一起，无论这种错误是他们实实在在犯过的抑或只是杞人忧天。进而，他们会将书籍和阅读与惩罚和羞辱联系起来。表面看来，这种联系匪夷所思，但细想起来却也顺理成章。马克·吐温曾经说过，坐在热炉盖上的猫再也不会坐在炉盖子上了，即便炉盖子是冰凉的。同样的道理。如果孩子屡次三番在读书时感到如坐针毡、难受无比、无地自容，便会妄下断言，觉得还是不读书为妙，这样最安全。“IV.ExploringtheTextPart4:Paragraphs17-19DetailedExplanationThispartgivessuggestionstoparentsastohowtheycanhelptheirkidslikereading.Passagesummary(blank-filling)Q:WhatsuggestionsdidHoltoffertoparents?A:Heoffered2suggestionsasfollows.#1.Parentsshouldtrytogetschoolorteacherstochange,oratleastletthemknowthat12)________________________.#2.Parentsshouldtrynotletyourchildbecome13)_____________________________byschoolwork.Rather,youshouldhelpyourchild14)_________________________andtrytoprovide15)_________________________,suchas16)_____________________,athome.V.SummaryA200-wordsummaryofthearticleV.Summary-BlankFillingQuestionsToomanyteachersareusingtraditionalmethodstoteachreadinginschool.Theywantstudentsto_____________________________.Unfortunately,traditionalmethodsare______________.Theyhavemadestudentstoassociatebooksandreadingwith_________________________________,andthusdislikereading.Therefore,insteadofgivingstudentsmany_____________________andcomprehensionquestions,teachersshouldletthemto___________________________.Parentsshouldsupportthisandtrytoprovidemoreinteresting__________________________.V.Summary-BlankFillingQuestionsToomanyteachersareusingtraditionalmethodstoteachreadinginschool.Theywantstudentsto_____________________________(understandeverythingtheyread).Unfortunately,traditionalmethodsare______________(ineffective).Theyhavemadestudentstoassociatebooksandreadingwith_________________________________(mistakes,penalties,andhumiliation),andthusdislikereading.Therefore,insteadofgivingstudentsmany_____________________(vocabularydrillsandquizzes)andcomprehensionquestions,teachersshouldletthemto__________________________________(readonlyforpleasure).Parentsshouldsupportthisandtrytoprovidemoreinteresting__________________________(alternativesathome).Dividetheclassintogroupsof4-5.Eachgroupisassignedoneofthecriticalthinkingquestions.Theyhave5minutestodiscussandcomeupwithalistofpo