焦点03阅读理解之说明文-备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）大师课堂之题型特训面面到（河南）

焦点03阅读理解之说明文备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到【题型解析】考查方向具体说明考查位置通常在阅读理解部分占据重要篇幅，例如根据2025年河南中考英语试题分析，C篇多为说明文分值题量通常为5道小题，每小题2分，共计10分文本特点题材广泛，可能涉及科学技术、生态环境、文化习俗、社会现象等。语言客观、准确，逻辑清晰，可能包含数据、实例或专业术语。核心能力考查信息定位、细节理解、逻辑推理、词义猜测以及归纳主旨的能力一、考查重点与题型解析说明文阅读的考查点非常明确，主要集中在以下几个方面：细节理解题（基础与核心）：这是最主要的题型，占比很高。题目主要考查对文中具体事实和信息的捕捉能力，如数据、步骤、特征等。解题关键在于精准定位，答案通常直接来源于文章中的某句话，但要小心选项常会进行同义转换。推理判断题（理解与思维）：这类题目需要你根据文章已给信息，进行一步的逻辑推断。比如推断事件的因果关系、作者的倾向或事物的未来发展。解答时务必以文本为依据，避免主观臆断。词义猜测题（语境与技巧）：说明文中可能出现少量生词或专业术语。题目要求你根据上下文线索（如同义词、反义词、定义或举例）来推测其含义。主旨大意题（综合与概括）：考查对整篇文章或段落中心思想的把握能力。要特别关注文章的标题、首段和尾段，以及每段的开头句和结尾句，这些地方往往是主题句所在。二、高分解题步骤遵循科学的解题步骤可以有效提高准确率：快速浏览，抓住主旨：用几十秒快速阅读文章的标题、首尾段以及每段的首句，迅速把握文章主要说明的对象和基本结构。审读题干，定位关键：仔细阅读问题，圈出关键词（如人名、地名、核心概念、数字等）。然后带着这些关键词回到原文中进行扫读，找到相关信息所在的句子或段落。分析对比，确定答案：仔细比对原文信息与选项的差异。对于细节题，直接比对；对于推理和主旨题，则需在理解相关段落或全文的基础上进行归纳和判断。复核检查：完成所有题目后，将答案代入全文通读一遍，检查是否顺畅合理，确保答案有据可依。三、高效备考策略拓宽阅读面：平时有意识地多阅读一些科普文章、社会文化介绍等说明性英文短文，积累不同话题的词汇和背景知识。掌握文章结构：注意学习说明文常用的方法，如下定义、举例子、作比较、分类别等，这有助于理清文章逻辑。精练真题，限时模拟：使用河南中考历年真题和高质量模拟题进行专项训练。练习时注意限时，一般一篇说明文阅读的完成时间建议控制在810分钟。做完后务必分析错题，弄清错误原因。关注趋势：近年来中考英语阅读更注重与现实生活和社会热点的结合，以及中华优秀传统文化的融入AHaveyoueverwonderedwhyyourparentsmakeyoueatyourvegetables?Doyourememberhowterribletheytasted,butyourparentsseemedtoenjoythem?Doyouthinkyourparentslovedvegetableswhentheywerechildren?Well,theyprobablydidn’t!So,whathappened?Thetruthisthatourtastebuds(味蕾)canchangeovertime.Aswegrowolder,tastebudsstartdisappearing.Thatcanmakesometastesfeelweaker,butitmightalsohelpuslikenewfoods.Didyouknowthatanadult(成年人)usuallyhasbetween2,000and10,000tastebuds?Themoreyouhave,themoretastesyoucanenjoy.Youngchildrenwithgrowingtastebudsmayhaveastrongersenseoftastethanadults.Thatexplainswhysomechildrenmightnotlikebroccoli(西兰花)nowbutcouldloveitwhentheygrowup.Ofcourse,howfoodtastesisn’tjustabouttastebuds—thesmellmattersalot,too.Iffoodsmellsstrong,itmightturnchildrenaway,eveniftheydon’tmindthetaste.Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanlearntolikenewfoods.Sometimes,addingsomethingyoulove,likecheese,canmakeabigdifference.Finally,youcanetodislikecertainfoodsyouonceloved.Ifyoueattoomuchicecreamandthengetsick,youmightnotwanttoeatitforalongtime.Thisdislikecanstickaroundforyears!Yourtasteinfoodcanchangeinsurprisingways.So,evenifyou’renotexcitedaboutthosevegetablestoday,rememberthatyourbodywillthankyoulater.Oneday,youmightevenenjoythem!1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph1referto?A．Foods. B．Friends. C．Children. D．Vegetables.2．Whydosomechildrenhatebroccoliatfirstbutloveitlater?A．Becausebroccoligetstastierwithtime.B．Becausechildrenwanttotrynewfoods.C．Becausechildren’stastebudschangeastheygrow.D．Becausebroccoligetsnewcookingwaysovertime.3．Howcanwelearntolikenewfoods?A．Wecantrythemmanytimes. B．Wecanaddsomethingtothem.C．Wecaneatsomethingnicefirst. D．Wecansmellsomethingstrongfirst.4．Whatdoesthewriterwanttosayinthelastparagraph?A．Weshouldeatvegetables. B．Everyonewilllovevegetables.C．Vegetablescanchangeyourtaste. D．Vegetablescanmakeyouexcited.5．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．People’stastesforfoodcanchangeindifferentways.B．Parentsalwayswantchildrentoeatvegetables.C．Thesmellplaysanimportantroleinhowfoodtastes.D．Thenumberoftastebudsmakesadifferenceinhowfoodtastes.【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A5．A【难度】0.4【知识点】对食物的喜恶、说明文【导语】本文介绍了人们对食物的味觉会因味蕾变化、气味影响等多种因素以不同方式发生改变，解释了为何人们对食物的喜好会随时间变化，同时给出了学会喜欢新食物的方法。1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyourparentsmakeyoueatyourvegetables?Doyourememberhowterribletheytasted,butyourparentsseemedtoenjoythem?”可知，此处them指代前文提到的vegetables。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第二至三段“Thetruthisthatourtastebudscanchangeovertime.Aswegrowolder,tastebudsstartdisappearing…Thatexplainswhysomechildrenmightnotlikebroccolinowbutcouldloveitwhentheygrowup.”可知，孩子对西兰花的态度变化是因为味蕾会随着成长而改变。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanlearntolikenewfoods.Sometimes,addingsomethingyoulove,likecheese,canmakeabigdifference.”可知，通过添加自己喜欢的食物，可以尝试喜欢新食物，即可以对新食物做些处理。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yourtasteinfoodcanchangeinsurprisingways.So,evenifyou’renotexcitedaboutthosevegetablestoday,rememberthatyourbodywillthankyoulater.Oneday,youmightevenenjoythem!”可知，作者想表达我们应该吃蔬菜，因为味觉会变化，日后可能会喜欢上它们。故选A。5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕人们对食物的味觉会以不同方式变化展开，包括味蕾变化、气味影响、饮食经历等因素。故选A。BCottonorplastic:whichkindofbagisbetterfortheenvironment?Manyofuswouldnaturallysaythatthecottonbagisbetter,butthatmightonlybetrueifyouusethatbagthousandsoftimes.Surprised?Keepreadingandwe’llexplain.Thereisnodoubtthatplasticisdamagingtotheenvironmentinlotsofways.Whenit’smade,itcausesairpollution.Weusealotofplasticbagsandoftenthrowaplasticbagawayafterusingitonce,soweneedtomakemore.Plasticthat’sthrownawaycanstayonlandforhundredsofyears,oritcangointotheoceanandhurtwildlife.Forthesereasons,peopleareencouragedtouselessplastic.Butit’snotthatsimple.Let’stalkaboutthecottonbag.Itcanbreakdownmoreeasilythanplastic,butthat’stheonlygoodthingaboutit.Makingcottonusesalotofenergy,water,andpesticides(杀虫剂).Andbecausethebagsareheavier,theymakemorepollutionwhenthey’retransported.AstudyfromColumbiaUniversitysaysthatcottonbagshavetobeusedmorethan7,000timestobebetterfortheenvironmentthanplasticbags.Plasticisusedinmanywaysthathelptheenvironment.Forexample,carsandplaneswithlightplasticpartsdonotusesomuchenergyandgiveoutlesswastegases.Ifwedidn’tusesomuchplasticinourclothesandshoes,wewouldneedalotmoreland,water,andchemicalstomakeothermaterials.Anothergoodthingaboutplasticisthatitlastsforalongtime.Thisisbadfortheenvironment,butitalsomeanswecanreuseitmanytimes.Theproblemisthatweoftenthrowitawayinstead.Toprotecttheenvironment,weshouldtrytouseplasticlessandreuseitmore.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“damaging”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Helpful. B．Friendly. C．Harmful. D．Frightening.2．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A．Thegoodthingsaboutusingcottonbags.B．Theproblemsthatcottonbagsbringtotheenvironment.C．Theprocessofbreakingdownplastic.D．Theuseofcottonbagsaroundtheworld.3．Whatistheadvantageofusingplasticpartsincarsandplanes?A．Itincreasesthespeed. B．Itdoesn’tcosttoomuch.C．Itmakesthemmorefortable. D．Ithelpssaveenergyandcutdownpollution.4．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Toaskpeopletostopusingplastic.B．Totellpeopletoreuseplasticmoreoften.C．Toencouragepeopletousecottoninsteadofplastic.D．Toexplainwhyweneedtouseplasticaslittleaspossible.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．PlasticorCotton:WhatBagIsBetter? B．HowtoChooseanEcofriendlyBagC．CottonBags:TheEnvironmentalChoice D．TheAdvantagesofUsingPlasticBags【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．B5．A【难度】0.4【知识点】环境保护、说明文【导语】本文是说明文。主要探讨了棉袋和塑料袋哪种更环保，指出棉袋需多次使用才能比塑料袋环保，同时介绍了塑料的环保用途及合理使用建议。1．词句猜测题。根据“Thereisnodoubtthatplasticisdamagingtotheenvironmentinlotsofways.Whenit’smade,itcausesairpollution.”可知，当它被制造出来时，会造成空气污染，所以塑料在很多方面都在破坏环境；可推测出划线部分意为“有害的”，与“harmful”意思相近。故选C。2．主旨大意题。根据“Butit’snotthatsimple.Let’...alkaboutthecottonbag....AstudyfromColumbiaUniversitysaysthatcottonbagshavetobeusedmorethan7,000timestobebetterfortheenvironmentthanplasticbags.”可知，第三段重点说明棉袋除易降解外的问题，包括制作消耗大量能源、水和杀虫剂，运输时污染更严重。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“carsandplaneswithlightplasticpartsdonotusesomuchenergyandgiveoutlesswastegases”可知，汽车和飞机使用塑料部件能节省能源、减少污染。故选D。4．主旨大意题。根据“time...butodthingaboutplasticisthatitlastsforalongtime...butitalsomeanswecanreuseitmanytimes.”可知最后一段告诉我们要重复利用塑料袋。故选B。5．最佳标题题。文章开篇即提出“棉袋和塑料袋哪种更环保”的核心问题，后文围绕两者的环保特性展开分析，A选项为最佳标题。故选A。CYoucanputastamponit,youcanwriteanaddressonit,andyoucansenditthroughthemail.No,it’snotapackage(包裹).It’stheamazingcoconut(椰子)!Thecoconutisdifferentfrommostotherfruitsbecauseeverypartofitisuseful.Peoplehavebeenusingcoconutsinmanydifferentways.Herearesomeofthem.Oneexcitinguseofthecoconutisasakindofenergy.Scientistsareworkingonusingcoconutsforenergybecausetheyarecheapandclean.Coconutoilhasalreadybeenmadeintofuel(燃料).Itcanpowercars,trucks,shipsandmanymore.StudentsatBaylorUniversityfindthatcoconuthusks(外壳)cantakeinwaterverywell.Somixingcoconuthuskswithdrysoil(土壤)helpsthesoiltoholdontomoreofthewater.Thestudentsalsofindthatcoconuthuskscantaketheplaceofplasticinsomecases.Ifthisispossible,itwillhelppeopleuselessplastic.Thehuskofthecoconutisaperfectpackage.Itprotectsthecoconutfromharm.That’swhysomecountriesallowpeopletosendthecoconutwithoutanypackaging.Eachyear,touristspostabout3,000ofthese“coconutpostcards”.Coconutsgrownaturallyinover80countriesoftheworld.Theyrequireonlysunandproperrain.Nospecialcareisneeded.Everyyear,morethan61milliontonsofcoconutsareproduced.Itisnotsurprising,then,thatpeoplewanttofindsomanyusesforthecoconut.1．Whyisthecoconutdifferentfrommostotherfruits?A．Everypartofitisuseful. B．Stampscanbeputonit.C．Peoplesenditinapackage. D．Addressescanbewrittenonit.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“power”inParagraph2mean?A．Provideenergyfor. B．Addvalueto.C．Makeroomfor. D．Putweighton.3．Inwhichpartofthemagazinecouldwereadthepassage?A．StoryTime. B．HistoryWorld. C．SportsNews. D．AmazingNature.4．What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toadvisepeopletoprotectcoconuts. B．Toaskpeopletogrowmorecoconuts.C．Toshowthevalueandusesofcoconuts. D．Tointroduceafuelmadefromcoconuts.5．Whatwouldbethebeststructureofthepassage?A． B． C． D．【答案】1．A2．A3．D4．C5．B【难度】0.4【知识点】科普知识、说明文、植物【导语】本文主要介绍了椰子的多种用途及其重要性。1．细节理解题。根据“Thecoconutisdifferentfrommostotherfruitsbecauseeverypartofitisuseful.”可知，椰子与大多数水果不同之处在于它的每个部分都可被利用。故选A。2．词句猜测题。根据“Coconutoilhasalreadybeenmadeintofuel(燃料).Itcanpowercars,trucks,shipsandmanymore.”可知，椰子油被制成燃料后能为车辆、船只等提供动力，故power意为“提供能源”。故选A。3．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文围绕椰子的自然属性和多种用途展开，与自然有关，故推出最有可能出现在杂志的“奇妙自然”版块。故选D。4．主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文从多个角度展示了椰子的实用价值，故其主要目的是展示椰子的价值和用途。故选C。5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总述椰子特点，第二、三、四段分述其用途，第五段总结产量和实用性，故文章结构为总分总。故选B。A（2025·河南·中考真题）Sunshinedoesmakepeoplehappier.Imaginehowcheerfulyouarewhenitclearsupafterlongcoldrainydays.Let’sdiscoversciencebehindsunlight.Sunlightcausesyoutoproduceachemical(化学物质)calledserotonin(血清素).Whenyouareexposedtosunlight,yourbodywillmakemoreserotonin.Higherlevelsofserotoninwillkeepyouingoodspirits.Atnight,whenthereislittleornolight,yourbodyproducesanotherchemicalmelatonin(褪黑激素).Ithelpsyourbodyrelaxandwillmakeyoufeeltired,whichcanprepareyouforagoodnight’ssleep.Youshouldkeepagoodbalancebetweenthesetwochemicals.However,formanypeople,itishardtobalancesunlightwithdarkness.Peoplewhostayindoorsalotmaynotgetenoughsunlight.Thelightinahouseisusuallyabout100timeslessthanthatoutsideonasunnyday.That’swhyitisbelievedthatthosepeopleshouldgetoutsideinthesunshine.Theycangetsomeexercise,enjoythefreshairandbehappy,allatthesametime.Thereareplaceswhereitgetsdarkforalongtimeinthewinter.Peopleinthoseplacesareeasiertogetseasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD).PeoplewithSADusuallygothroughbadexperiencessuchaslowenergyandsadness.Themostmontreatmentforthosepeopleistositunderbrightartificial(人工的)lightsforsometime.Therolesthatsunshineplaysinpeople’slifearemorethanthoseabove.Forexample,yourbodyproducesVitaminD(维生素D)fromsunlight,whichisimportantforbeinghealthy.Infact,thereismorescienceaboutsunlightforyoutodiscover.Sonexttime,whenyounoticethesunshineonyourshoulder,takeamomenttothink,“Whydowelovesunshine?”根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1．Whichofthefollowingcantaketheplaceof“areexposedto”inthetext?A．stayin B．careabout C．dreamof D．dependon2．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Whatcanhelppeopletokeepingoodspirits B．Howlightinfluencespeoplethroughchemicals.C．Whymelatonincanhelppeoplerelaxforasleep. D．Whichchemicalisthoughttobemoreimportant.3．Whichofthefollowingisanopinion(观点)accordingtothetext?A．Thereareplaceswhereitgetsdarkforalongtimeinthewinter.B．Peoplewhostayindoorsalotshouldgetoutsideinthesunshine.C．Thelightinahouseisusuallylessthanthatoutsideonasunnyday.D．People’sbodiesproducesomethingcalledVitaminDfromsunlight.4．JackisapersonwithSAD．Howcouldhesolvehisproblemaccordingtothetext?A．Bystayingindoorsalot. B．Bytakinginmorefreshair.C．Bydoingsomeexercise. D．Byusingmanmadelights.5．Whyisthesentence“Whydowelovesunshine?”writteninthelastparagraph?A．Toencouragereaderstolearnmoreaboutsunlight.B．Toadvisereaderstostayinhousesforenoughtime.C．ToexpectreaderstorealizetheimportanceofVitaminD．Toinvitereaderstowalkintonaturetoenjoythefreshair.【答案】1．A2．B3．B4．D5．A【难度】0.4【知识点】科普知识、说明文【导语】本文主要介绍阳光对于人们的影响。1．词句猜测题。根据“Sunlightcausesyoutoproduceachemical(化学物质)calledserotonin(血清素).Whenyouareexposedtosunlight,yourbodywillmakemoreserotonin.”可知，阳光会促使你体内产生一种名为血清素的化学物质。当你暴露在阳光下时，你的身体会分泌出更多的血清素。“areexposedto”表示“暴露于”，与“stayin”语意相近。故选A。2．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍光是如何通过化学物质影响人的，故选B。3．推理判断题。根据“That’swhyitisbelievedthatthosepeopleshouldgetoutsideinthesunshine.”可知，这就是为什么人们认为那些人应该到户外去晒晒太阳的原因。对应B选项是观点，其他三项是事实。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据“PeoplewithSADusuallygothroughbadexperiencessuchaslowenergyandsadness.Themostmontreatmentforthosepeopleistositunderbrightartificial(人工的)lightsforsometime.”可知，对于这类患者，最常见的治疗方法是坐在明亮的人造灯光下一段时间。故选D。5．推理判断题。根据“Sonexttime,whenyounoticethesunshineonyourshoulder,takeamomenttothink,‘Whydowelovesunshine?’”可知，所以下次当你看到阳光洒在你的肩头时，就花点时间思考一下：“我们为什么喜欢阳光呢？”由此可推断，作者是为了鼓励读者多了解阳光。故选A。B（2024·河南·中考真题）Anoldsayingusedforforecasting(预测)theweathersays,“Redskyatnight,sailors’delight.Redskyinthemorning,sailors(水手)takewarning.”Isthesayingtrue?Itturnsoutthatitis.Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbeing.Forecastingtheweatherhasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears.Inthe5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors.Theyusedsignsinnaturetoforecasttheweather.Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).Theyusescientificinstrumentstostudyweatherconditionsaroundtheworldandmakeforecasts.Pilots,farmersandmanyotherpeopledependontheseforecasts.Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatherising.Ifyouarelookingforsomesignsoftheweather,payattentiontonature.Therearetwobasicrulesusedinweatherforecasting:Weathergenerallymovesfromwesttoeast,andlowairpressure(压力)usuallymeansrainorsnow.Sopayattentiontothesigns.Ifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise,thesunisontheway.Smelltheflowers—theirsmellsarestrongerinwetair.Whataretheantsdoing?Aretheymovingtohigherground?Thiscouldmeanadropinairpressure.Arethebirdsflyingloworhigh?Fallingairpressuremayinfluencebirds’ears,sotheyflylow.Andiftheskyisredatsunset,youmightplanapicnicforthenextday!根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1．Whatistheoldsayingabout?A．Thebeautyofsunrise. B．Thenightsky.C．Thesignsoftheweather. D．Thesailors’work.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“meteorologists”mean?A．ThepersonswhogivedailyweatherreportsonTV.B．Thepersonswhocarryoutresearchonnaturalhistory.C．Thepersonswhotakeaninterestinplantsandanimals.D．Thepersonswhodoscientificstudiesofweatherconditions.3．HowdoesthewriterdevelophisideainParagraph2?A．Bylistingthereasonsforterribleweather.B．Bytellingatruestoryaboutweatherforecasting.C．Byintroducingdifferentwaysofforecastingtheweather.D．Bymentioningthedifficultiesinforecastingtheweather.4．Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．It’llbesunnyifantsmovetohigherplaces.B．Thesmellsofflowersarestrongerinwetair.C．Birdsflyhigherbecauseofthelowairpressure.D．It’llrainifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise.5．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toencouragepeopletogetclosetonature.B．Toexpresstheneedforweatherforecasting.C．Toexplainnaturecantellusabouttheweather.D．Todiscusshowimportantweatherforecastingis.【答案】1．C2．D3．C4．B5．C【难度】0.4【知识点】描绘天气、科普知识、说明文【导语】本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。1．细节理解题。根据“Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbeing.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。2．词句猜测题。根据“Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。3．细节理解题。根据“...the5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors....Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatherising.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点，故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“Smelltheflowers—theirsmellsarestrongerinwetair.”可知，闻闻花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C。A（2025·河南驻马店·三模）Elephantsareknownfortheirhighintelligence,empathy(同理心),andmunicationskills.Anewstudysuggeststheymayhaveanotheramazingability:Theymaygiveeachotherspecial“names”—anabilitythatnoothernonhumananimalsareknowntohave.TheleadresearcherDr.MichaelPardosaid,“Weallknowthatdolphinsandparrotstrytocopyeachother’ssoundstomunicate.Butourfindingssuggestelephantsdon’tdependonimitation.Theyseemtousethewayinwhichhumannameswork.”TheresearchteamincludedDr.JoycePoole.Manytimes,shenoticedanelephantcallingout,withonlyonereplying.Therestofthegroupwouldcontinuefeeding,seemingnottohearthecall.Thisledhertowonderiftheelephantscalledeachotherbyspecific(特定的)names.Fortheirstudy,theteamchoseover600recordedelephantcalls,or“rumbles”.Theyallseemedtobedirectedtospecificelephants.Thesecallswerecollectedoveralmost30yearsfromwildelephants.Elephants’lowfrequencysoundsarehardforhumanstounderstand.Theresearchersturnedtomachinelearningtoolstoanalyze(分析)them.Theputermodelcorrectlyguessedthereceivingelephant’sidentity(身份)28%ofthetime.Whilethenumbermayseemlow,theresearcherssaytheelephantsprobablydon’tusenamesallthetime.Tomakesureofthefindings,someoftherumbleswereplayedbackto17wildelephantsthroughaspeaker.Sureenough,theelephantsonlyrepliedtocallsmeantforthem.ThestudywasinNatureEcologyandEvolution.Next,theresearcherswillgoontofindoutwhetherelephantsalso“name”otherimportantthings,likefood,water,andlocations.根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutelephantsfromParagraph1?A．They’rethesmartestanimals.B．They’rewidelystudiedindifferentstudies.C．They’realwaysnoisyandmakealotofloudsounds.D．They’reprobablythefirstnonhumananimalstouse“names”.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imitation”inthetextprobablymean?A．Makingsounds. B．Singingsongs. C．Copyingsounds. D．Makingmovements.3．Whichofthefollowingmaytheresearchersagreewith?A．Elephantshardlyusenamestocallwheneatingfood.B．Onlytheelephantthatwascalledcanhearthesound.C．Peoplehavedifficultiesunderstandingelephants’sounds.D．Elephantsusenamesinawaythatistotallydifferentfromhumans.4．Howdidtheresearchersprovetheirfindings?A．Byusingmachinelearningtools.B．Bycollectingmoresoundsinthewild.C．Byplayingthesoundsindifferentsituations.D．Byreplayingtherecordedsoundstosomewildelephants.5．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Topareelephants’skillswithotheranimals’.B．Toshowanewstudyaboutelephants’amazingability.C．Totellthereadershowelephantsmunicatewitheachother.D．Toexplainwhyelephantsaresointelligentandempatheticanimals.【答案】1．D2．C3．C4．D5．B【难度】0.4【知识点】常见动物、科普知识、说明文【导语】本文介绍了一项关于大象交流能力的新研究，发现大象可能具备为同伴起特殊“名字”的能力。1．细节理解题。根据“Theymaygiveeachotherspecial‘names’—anabilitythatnoothernonhumananimalsareknowntohave.”可知，大象可能是已知首个使用名字的非人类动物，故选D。2．词句猜测题。根据“Weallknowthatdolphinsandparrotstrytocopyeachother’ssoundstomunicate.”可知，前句提到海豚和鹦鹉模仿声音交流，结合“Butourfindingssuggestelephantsdon’tdependonimitation.Theyseemtousethewayinwhichhumannameswork.”可知，后句转折强调大象不依赖“imitation”，且“使用类似人类命名的方式”，说明imitation与“模仿声音”相关，选项C符合语境。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“Elephants’lowfrequencysoundsarehardforhumanstounderstand.”可知，大象低频声音对人类难以理解。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“Tomakesureofthefindings,someoftherumbleswereplayedbackto17wildelephantsthroughaspeaker.Sureenough,theelephantsonlyrepliedtocallsmeantforthem.”可知，研究人员通过向野生大象重播录制的声音来证明他们的发现。故选D。5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“大象命名能力”的新发现展开，选项B准确概括文章大意。故选B。B（2025·河南周口·三模）Areyouinabadmoodwhenyouseeyourroomfilledwiththings?Areyoufeelingimpatientwhenyoucan’tfindanythingforalongtime?Manypeoplefeeloverwhelmed(喘不过气的)bytoomanythingstheyhave.Butitdoesn’thavetobethatway.Withalittlebitoforganizationandplanning,youcandosomecleaning,andcreateamoreorganizedandstressfreespace.Giveawayunwantedthings.Cleaningisanimportantprocesstogothroughonceinawhile,especiallywhenyouhavealotofthingsyoudon’tneedoruse.Notonlydoesitmakeyourhomelookandfeeltidier,butitalsohelpsdealwithanynegative(消极的)energythatmayremain.Youcangiveawayunwantedthingsthatyounolongerneed.Cleanoneroomatatime.Whenyoucleanyourhome,it’simportanttocleanoneroomatatime.Thiswillhelpyoustayorganized.Startwiththeroomthatyouusethemostortheroomthatneedsthemostattention.Ifyouhavealotofthingsthatyoudon’tneed,startwithsmallerareaslikeyourdesk.Breakdownthetaskintosmallergoals,andtakeyourtimetomakesureeachareaiscleanedandorganized.Label.Thekeytocleaningistokeepthesamethingstogetherandtolabelyourboxeswell.Writeontheboxwhichroomitneedstogoto.Also,includewhatkindsofthingsarepackedinthebox.Yes,ittakesalittletimetodothis,butyou’llbesothankfulthatyouoncedidit.Thishelpsyoufindwhatyouneed.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1．Howcanyoubuildanorganizedandstressfreespaceaccordingtothepassage?A．Bycleaning. B．Byshopping. C．Byreading. D．Bycooking.2．Whataretheadvantagesofgivingawaythingsyoudon’tneed?①Makingyoukeepyourroomclean.②Makingyoufindthingsquickly.③Makingyoustayorganized.④Makingyoudealwithnegativefeelings.A．①② B．①③ C．①④ D．②④3．Whatshouldwepayattentiontowhencleaningoneroom?A．Cleaningallroomsatonce. B．Startingbycleaningthedesk.C．Cleaningthemostusedroomfirst. D．Makingsureeachroomiscleanedandorganized.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Label”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．贴标签 B．处置 C．组织 D．打包5．What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Reasonstodocleaningatatime B．ExamplesonhowtolabelboxesC．Waystocreateamoreorganizedspace D．Suggestionsondealingwithunwantedthings【答案】1．A2．C3．C4．A5．C【难度】0.4【知识点】方法/策略、说明文【导语】本文是一篇说明文，旨在向读者介绍创建更有条理空间的方法，如捐赠不需要的物品、一次打扫一个房间以及对收纳盒进行贴标签等，帮助读者解决因物品过多而产生的困扰，营造一个整洁、有序且能减轻压力的生活空间。1．细节理解题。根据“Withalittlebitoforganizationandplanning,youcandosomecleaning,andcreateamoreorganizedandstressfreespace.”可知，通过打扫可以创建一个更有条理、无压力的空间，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“Notonlydoesitmakeyourhomelookandfeeltidier,butitalsohelpsdealwithanynegative(消极的)energythatmayremain.”可知，捐赠不需要的东西的好处是能让房间保持整洁以及处理消极情绪，即①④，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“Startwiththeroomthatyouusethemostortheroomthatneedsthemostattention.”可知，一次打扫一个房间时应先从使用最多或最需要关注的房间开始，故选C。4．词句猜测题。根据“Thekeytocleaningistokeepthesamethingstogetherandtolabelyourboxeswell.Writeontheboxwhichroomitneedstogoto.”可知，要在盒子上写明该送到哪个房间，所以“label”意思是“贴标签”，故选A。5．最佳标题题。文章主要围绕如何创建一个更有条理的空间展开，介绍了捐赠不需要的东西、一次打扫一个房间、贴标签等方法，所以最佳标题是“Waystocreateamoreorganizedspace”，故选C。C（2025·河南平顶山·三模）Therearelotsofthingsthataregoodforyourbrain.Reading,forexample,helpsyourbraintogrowandworkbetter.Solvingpuzzles(拼图)canhelp,too.Scientistsnowfindoutanotherwayofbringinghealthtobrains:exercising.Babiesneedexercisefortheirbrainstofullygrow.Meanwhile,exerciseimproveschildren’sattentionandhelpsthemdobetteratschool.Intheelderly,exercisecanhelptokeeptheirmindssharp.Theycannoticeorunderstandthingsquickly.Exercisealsohelpsbloodflowtothebrain.Thebrainneedsoxygen(氧气)fromblood.Withoutoxygen,thebrainwouldstopworking.Babiesdonothavetotrytoexercise.Theyarealmostalwaysmoving.Developingnewskillslikesitting,standing,walking,runningandjumpingforcestheirbrainstogrow.Aschildrengetolder,exerciseisstillimportantforthebrains.Scientistsdidanexperiment.Theyfoundtwogroupsofchildrenbetween7and9yearsold.Onegroupexercisedforanhourafterschool.Theothergroupdidnot.Scientiststhengavebothgroupsanumberofbraintests.Thekidswhohadexercisedwerequickertolearnthanthosewhohadnotexercised.Finally,exercisehelpsadultsthinkquickly.Theolderpeoplebee,thesmallerpartsofthebraintheywillget.Thiscanmakeitharderforoldpeopletorememberthings.Forexample,grownupswhoexercisedfor30minutes,fivetimesaweekdidbetteronbrainteststhangrownupswhodidnotexerciseasmuch.ExerciseisalsogoodforthepatientssufferingfromAlzheimer’sdisease(阿尔茨海默病),whichharmsthebrainandcausespeopletolosetheirmemories.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1．Whatcanyoudoifyouwanttodosomething