专题13七选五阅读（知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练）（讲义）（原卷版）

专题13七选五阅读目录目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理七选五阅读命题特点及答题方法简析高频考点精讲进阶分级练必备知识梳理 1点二：集合间的基本关系 4考点四：充分条件与必要条件 6考点五：全称量词与存在量词 7实战能力训练 高考学考英语阅读理解七选五试题，首先聚焦对考生语篇逻辑衔接能力的考查。该题型要求考生在理解文章整体主旨的基础上，准确把握段落内部及段落之间的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、并列、递进等，通过识别衔接词、指代关系、语义呼应等线索，从七个选项中选出最恰当的五项填入文中空白处，使文章内容完整、逻辑连贯，着重检验考生对语篇整体结构的把控能力。其次，该题型注重考查考生的信息筛选与整合能力。试题所提供的文章通常围绕特定主题展开，包含丰富的细节信息与核心观点，空白处的设置既可能涉及对段落主旨的概括，也可能需要补充具体的支撑细节或过渡语句。考生需快速浏览文章与选项，筛选出关键信息，判断选项内容与空白处上下文的匹配度，将分散的信息进行有效整合，确保填入后的内容与原文语境高度契合，体现对文本细节与主旨的双重理解。此外，七选五试题还旨在考查考生的跨文化语境理解与语言运用能力。高考英语阅读材料常涉及不同国家的文化背景、社会现象、科技发展等主题，考生需在理解语言表层含义的同时，结合文化语境把握文本深层意义，避免因文化差异导致理解偏差。同时，该题型通过要求考生选择符合英语表达习惯的语句，间接考查其对英语篇章结构、句式特点及常用表达的掌握程度，为后续的英语写作、口语交际等语言输出能力奠定基础，符合高考对考生综合语言运用能力的考查目标。高考英语七选五本质考查“语篇逻辑构建能力”，这一题型通过设置信息空缺，要求考生在七个备选选项中精准匹配出最契合语篇的五个答案，实现文本的完整与连贯。该题型聚焦篇章结构把握、上下文逻辑衔接、语义关联识别三大核心维度：在篇章结构层面，需考生洞察总分、分总、总分总等结构特点，定位主题句与支撑句；上下文逻辑衔接维度，要能识别因果、转折、递进等逻辑关系词的衔接作用；语义关联识别则考验考生对同义词替换、指代关系、重复关键词等语义线索的捕捉能力。从命题角度看，选项可系统归为主旨概括句（总结段落核心观点）、过渡性句子（承上启下推动行文）、注释性句子（解释说明具体内容）三类。（一）主旨类考点：把握语篇核心框架此类考点主要考查对段落或文章整体内容的概括能力，多位于段首或段尾，需统领下文或总结前文。这类题目要求考生具备全局观，能够精准提炼核心信息，将段落或文章的主旨进行高度概括。命题要点段首概括句：段首位置的概括句通常起到总领全段的作用，它像是一盏明灯，为读者指引该段落的方向。此类句子会直接点明段落的主题，后续的内容则围绕该主题展开详细阐述。例如，在一篇关于“健康生活方式”的文章中，某一段落首句为“Balanceddietisthecornerstoneofahealthylifestyle”（均衡饮食是健康生活方式的基石），紧接着的内容便会围绕均衡饮食的重要性、如何实现均衡饮食等方面进行说明。考生在解题时，需要关注选项中能够提纲挈领、与后文内容紧密关联的句子。段尾总结句：段尾的概括句主要用于总结归纳前文内容，起到画龙点睛的作用。它会对段落中所阐述的要点进行提炼整合，使读者对该段落的核心观点有更清晰深刻的认识。比如在论述“科技对教育的影响”段落中，段尾可能会出现“Inconclusion,technologyhasrevolutionizededucationinmultipleways,openingupnewpossibilitiesforlearning”（总之，科技在多个方面彻底改变了教育，为学习开辟了新的可能）。解答此类题目时，考生要仔细梳理段落内容，寻找能够对整段进行总结、升华的选项。1.段落主题句（高频考点）段落主题句通常位于段首，起到提纲挈领的作用，能够清晰地向读者传达段落的核心内容。这类句子具有显著特征，往往包含概括性词汇，如ways（方法）、benefits（好处）、tips（建议）、advantages（优势）、results（结果）等，这些词汇直接点明段落讨论的方向。在结构上，后文常通过举例、分点说明（如使用first/second/third、ononehand/ontheotherhand等）、数据支撑等方式展开论述，使主题句的观点得到充分论证。【示例分析】Takingnoteswhilereadinghasmanybenefits.First,ithelpsyourememberwhatyouread.Second,itallowsyoutoreviewkeypointslater.解读：句中"manybenefits"明确概括了段落核心内容，即阅读时做笔记的好处。后文通过"First"和"Second"进行分点阐述，具体说明做笔记在记忆和复习方面的作用，印证了该句作为主题句的功能。在高考七选五题型中，若设空处位于段首，考生可优先关注选项中含有概括性词汇的句子，并通过分析后文是否为分点展开、举例论证等方式，判断该选项是否为合适的段落主题句。此外，段落主题句还需与上下文的逻辑、话题保持一致，考生在解题时应整体把握文章结构和主旨。2.篇章总结句（低频，多在尾段）特征：含总结性衔接词（therefore,inshort,inconclusion,allinall等），呼应文章开篇主题，通过提炼前文核心观点，对全文进行高度概括。这类句子不仅在语法结构上多采用完整的陈述句形式，在内容上也常使用抽象性、概括性的词汇，将分散的信息串联整合，使文章逻辑闭环。【示例分析】Inshort,bybiningthesesimpleyeteffectivestrategies—activereading,strategicnotetaking,andregularreview—studentscansignificantlyenhancetheirprehensionskillsandacademicperformance.解读：此句中，"Inshort"作为典型总结性衔接词，明确表明该句的总结功能；随后列举前文提及的学习策略，将具体方法与最终效果相联系，既呼应了文章围绕提升学习效率的主题，又以简洁有力的方式收束全文，展现出篇章总结句的典型特征与作用。Reducingscreentimecanimproveyoursleep.Itcanalsohelpyoufocusonstudy.Therefore,it'simportanttosetlimitsonscreentime."解读："therefore"引导结论，总结前文提及的两大好处，完成逻辑闭环。（二）过渡衔接类考点：搭建逻辑桥梁此类考点在高考英语七选五题型中占比高达60%70%，着重考查考生对英语语篇中句间、段间逻辑转换的把握能力。衔接词与指代关系作为解题的核心线索，需要考生精准识别：命题要点衔接词的逻辑纽带作用：包括并列关系（and,also,too）、转折关系（however,nevertheless,yet）、因果关系（therefore,thus,consequently）、递进关系（besides,furthermore,inaddition）等标志性词汇。例如，当选项中出现"Moreover"时，意味着该句内容需与前文构成递进补充关系；指代关系的语义衔接：that...he,she,they）、指示代词（this,that,these,those）、定冠词the及名词重复等方式实现上下文连贯。如段落中多次出现"thestudy"，选项中若有"itfoundthat..."则可能形成指代呼应；隐性逻辑的线索挖掘：部分题目不依赖显性衔接词，需通过内容内在逻辑（如总分结构、对比关系）判断。例如，选项若出现具体案例，前文通常会有理论概述与之匹配。1.逻辑关系过渡（高频考点）①转折对比（however/but）转折对比类连接词是高考英语七选五的重要考点，常用来体现前后文在语义、态度或观点上的对立。这类连接词除了"however""but"外，还有"nevertheless""though""while"等。【示例分析】Socialmediamakesiteasytofeelconnected.However,longdistancefriendshipsmayrequiremoreconsciousefforttomaintain.解读："however"作为典型的转折词，清晰地提示语义反转。前句阐述社交媒体带来的连接便利性，后句则指出在这种便利下，远距离友谊在维持方面存在的困难，前后构成鲜明的转折逻辑。在解题时，考生需要关注此类连接词，通过语义对比判断选项与原文的匹配度。②递进补充（inaddition/moreover）递进补充类连接词用于进一步阐述或补充前文观点，使内容更加丰富和深入，常见词汇还有"besides""furthermore""what'smore"等。此类连接词出现时，前后文通常围绕同一主题，后句在程度、范围或细节上有所延伸。【示例分析】Wedon'talwayseattosatisfyhunger.Inaddition,manyofusalsoeatforemotionalreasons.解读："inaddition"作为递进关系的标志词，自然地衔接了“非饥饿进食”与“情绪进食”两种情况，后者是对前者的补充说明，体现出语义的递进。在解答七选五题目时，若看到此类连接词，可判断选项内容是对前文的进一步拓展。③因果推导（so/therefore）因果推导类连接词用于表明前后文的因果关系，除了"so""therefore"外，还有"asaresult""consequently""because""since"等。因果关系在七选五中的考查形式多样，既有显性的因果连接词引导，也存在如例句中这样的隐性表达。【示例分析】Idon'ttrustputerspellcheckers.Theydon'tconsiderthecontext.解读：后句“它不考虑语境”直接解释了前句“我不信任电脑的拼写检查功能”的原因，虽然没有明显的因果连接词，但通过语义逻辑可判断为因果关系，这是七选五因果考点的隐性形式。考生在遇到此类无明显连接词的句子时，需通过分析句子间逻辑关系来确定其因果联系，从而准确选择合适的选项。2.指代关系衔接（必考点）指代关系是高考英语七选五题目中最为常见且关键的考点之一，它通过代词（如it、they、this、that、these、those等）与前文出现的名词或名词短语形成呼应，从而实现句子之间的逻辑连贯。考生需要敏锐捕捉选项中的代词，并精准定位其在前文中对应的指代对象。命题要点显性代词：选项中出现明确的人称代词（it/they/them/their）、指示代词（this/that/these/those），这些代词需与上文某一名词或名词短语形成单复数、语义上的对应关系。隐性指代：部分题目通过定冠词“the”引导的限定名词（如theproblem、thesolution），暗示与前文特定概念的关联，同样需通过上下文判断指代内容。【示例分析】Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationhaveinmon?They'reallsituationswherewecoulduseextrapatience.解读：①指代精准性：代词“They”复数形式对应上文“trafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacation”三个并列场景，在数量和语义上完全匹配。②逻辑闭环：通过指代关系，将前文提出的问题与后文的答案自然衔接，形成“提问—解答”的完整逻辑链条。若考生忽略代词指代，极易误选与单个场景相关的干扰项。...However,developingsuchasenseofbelongingdoesn'thappenovernight.Ittakestimeandeffort.解读：代词“It”明确指代前句“developingsuchasenseofbelonging”这一抽象概念，通过指代关系强化段落主题。策略：①圈出选项中代词，快速浏览上文，寻找复数名词或名词短语；②关注代词出现的位置：句首代词通常承接上文，句中代词可能指代紧邻的前句核心概念；③警惕干扰项：部分选项中的代词可能指代文中次要信息，需优先匹配与段落主旨相关的指代对象。3.段落间过渡（中频）段落间过渡句是连接文章不同段落的桥梁，在保持文章连贯性和逻辑性方面起着至关重要的作用。这类句子的核心特征在于其承上启下的功能，不仅需要与上段结尾内容形成紧密呼应，同时还要自然流畅地引出下段主题，使读者在阅读过程中不会产生理解断层。【示例分析】Rules...diningetiquettemightsurpriseyouwithitsrules.Knowingsometipswillhelpyouenjoymealsanywhere.ChopstickRules...解读：在这段文本中，中间句“Knowingsometipswillhelpyouenjoymealsanywhere”充当了段落过渡的关键角色。在上一段围绕“礼仪规则”进行讨论的基础上，该句通过“tips”一词，既对上文“礼仪规则”进行了概括性承接，暗示这些规则就是有助于享受用餐的“技巧”；同时，又巧妙地引出下文关于“筷子规则”的具体讲解。因为“筷子规则”正是“用餐技巧”的重要组成部分，这样的过渡使文章从对礼仪规则的总体描述，自然地转向对其中具体规则的详细阐述，确保了文章结构的紧凑和表意的流畅。从命题角度来看，此类题目旨在考查考生对文章整体结构和段落逻辑关系的把握能力，要求考生能够识别并选择具有恰当过渡功能的句子，使文章在段落衔接处保持语义连贯、逻辑清晰。（三）注释说明类考点：补充语义细节此类考点多位于段中，是构建段落逻辑连贯性的关键环节，常通过例证、因果、对比等衔接手段实现上下文语义的无缝衔接。考生需重点关注：命题要点例证型衔接：使用"Forinstance"、"Take...asanexample"等引导词，通过具体案例阐释抽象观点。例如，前文提出"Effectivetimemanagementboostsacademicperformance"，后文可能接"Forinstance,studentswhoallocatespecifictimeslotsforeachsubjecttendtoscorehigheronexams."因果型扩展：利用"Therefore"、"Asaresult"等连接词，建立前后句的逻辑推导关系。若前文阐述"Regularexerciseimprovescardiovascularfunction"，后续可能以"Asaresult,individualswithconsistentworkoutroutinesarelesslikelytodevelopheartdiseases."深化论述。对比型补充：通过"However"、"Incontrast"等转折词，引入不同视角或相反观点。如前文强调"Onlinelearningoffersflexibility"，后文可接"Incontrast,traditionalclassroomsprovideimmediatefacetofaceinteraction,whichsomelearnersprefer."1.举例说明（forexample/suchas）在英语七选五题型中，举例说明类连接词常作为关键线索，帮助考生建立上下文逻辑关联。这类表达包括forexample、forinstance、suchas、take...asanexample等，它们通过具体事例阐释抽象概念，使论述更清晰易懂。【示例分析】Arthelpsdevelopcreativity.Forinstance,paintingallowsyoutoexpressideasinvisualform.解读：①逻辑功能："Forinstance"作为例证型连接词，通过“绘画”这一具体艺术形式，将抽象的“创造力培养”转化为可感知的场景，建立起论点与论据的直接联系。此类句式在七选五题目中，常以“论点+举例”的结构出现，考生需通过识别例子与论点的主题一致性，判断句子在段落中的位置。②干扰项分析：干扰选项可能会出现话题偏离的例子（如将艺术创造力偷换为科学创造力），或使用相似连接词但逻辑不匹配的句子（如用"however"替代"forinstance"导致语义转折错误）。③破题技巧：遇到包含举例连接词的选项时，需快速定位段落中是否存在需要被解释的核心概念，并检查例子细节是否与前后文主题高度契合。【拓展示例】①Regularexercisebenefitsmentalhealth.Forexample,joggingreleasesendorphinsthatimprovemood.②Certainanimalsexhibituniquemunicationmethods,suchasdolphinsusingultrasonicclickstonavigateandinteract.2.细节补充（具体解释抽象概念）在高考英语七选五题型中，细节补充类题目常通过具体的事例、方法或解释，对前文抽象概念或问题进行细化说明，帮助读者更好地理解文本内容。这类题目注重上下文之间的逻辑连贯性，通过代词指代、同义替换等方式建立起前后文的紧密联系。【示例分析】Somestudentsfindithardtoconcentrateinclass.Thisproblemcanbesolvedbytakingnotes.解读：此句中，"Thisproblem"作为指示代词，精准地指代前文“注意力不集中”这一抽象问题，形成指代衔接；后句“bytakingnotes”提出具体的解决方法，属于典型的细节注释。这种命题方式，既考查学生对代词指代关系的敏感度，也检验其能否识别上下文“问题解决方案”的逻辑链条。考生需快速锁定指代对象，明确补充信息与前文的关联性，从而选出正确选项。此外，在其他同类题目中，还可能出现用"suchcases""thissituation"等表达进行指代，或通过"forinstance""specifically"等连接词引出细节补充内容的情况，需要考生灵活应对。2.同义复现衔接（隐性考点）选项与前文含同义词/近义词，形成语义呼应。该考点通过词汇层面的替换与呼应，构建起段落内部或段落之间的逻辑链条，要求考生敏锐捕捉文本中的同义表达，从而准确把握文章的连贯性和整体性。【示例分析】Regularexerciseboostsphysicalhealth.Italsoimprovesmentalwellbeing.解读："boosts"与"improves"同义，通过词汇复现强化语义关联。在该句中，"boosts"和"improves"都表达了“提升、增进”的含义，从身体健康和心理健康两个维度，围绕“规律运动的益处”这一核心话题展开论述，使句子前后语义紧密相连。同时，此类同义复现不仅体现在动词层面，在名词、形容词等词性中也较为常见。例如在描述“环境保护”的文章中，可能会出现"preservation""conservation""protection"等近义词交替使用，以此实现上下文的自然过渡与语义衔接。考生在答题时，需要对这类同义词汇保持敏感，通过分析选项与文本中词汇的同义关系，快速定位正确答案，从而破解七选五题型中基于同义复现设置的题目。考点精讲讲练【2025浙江1月卷】Oneofthemostmonmistakesinmunicationistryingtodotoomuch.36There’snovalueindeliveringanykindofmunication,whetherwritten,spoken,formal,orinformal,ifthemessagedoesn’teacrossclearly.Beingclearandbrief—whilemaintaininginterestandincludingeverythingyourlistenersneedtoknow—isahighlevelmunicationskill.Herearesometipsworthfollowinginordertomunicatemoreeffectively.Keepyouraudienceinmind.Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourmunicationstotheirinterests.37Thiswillengagetheirdesiretounderstandandinteractwiththeinformation.Don’tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandmittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.38However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.39Ifyou’veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you’llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearnnewinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers.Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheirmunicationskills.Considerthebestmethodtodeliveryourmessage.Iftheinformationyou’remunicatingisn’turgent,considersendinganemail.Writtenmunicationwillgiveyouraudiencemoretimetoreviewit,thinkitover,andfollowupwithquestions.40

Buildingeffectivemunicationskillstakestime,buttheeffectsareworththeeffort.A．Bepatient.B．Gettheaudienceinvolved.C．Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D．Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E．Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F．Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G．Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.【答案】36．C37．D38．G39．B40．F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些更有效地进行沟通的技巧。36．上文“Oneofthemostmonmistakesinmunicationistryingtodotoomuch.(沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项“Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.(最好的信息往往是简单的)”承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单，句中“simple”与上文“toomuch”形成对比。故选C项。37．上文“Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourmunicationstotheirinterests.(当你根据受众的兴趣来调整你的沟通内容时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入)”强调要迎合受众兴趣，D选项“Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.(直接谈论对他们重要的事情)”进一步说明了具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情进行交流，与上文逻辑一致。故选D项。38．下文“However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“whatyou’regoingtosay”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。39．下文“Ifyou’veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you’llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearnnewinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers.(如果你曾经当过导师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有比教别人更好的学习新信息的方法了。让听众贡献他们的想法，或者让他们扮演向他人解释新概念和政策的角色)”建议让受众参与其中，B选项“Gettheaudienceinvolved.(让受众参与进来)”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。故选B项。40．上文“Iftheinformationyou’remunicatingisn’turgent,considersendinganemail.Writtenmunicationwillgiveyouraudiencemoretimetoreviewit,thinkitover,andfollowupwithquestions.(如果你传达的信息不紧急，考虑发电子邮件。书面沟通会给你的受众更多时间来复习、思考，并跟进提问)”说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处，F选项“Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.(它还会给他们提供一个方便查阅的记录)”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与上文逻辑紧密。故选F项。训练1Doyouwanttodowellinyourstudy?Ifyouranswerisyes,youmustknowsomegoodtimemanagementskills.1Theskillslistedbelowarequiteimportant.Youshouldhavetheabilitytosay“no”.Apartythisweekend2AnovernighttriponSaturday?Learningtosay“no”cansaveyoualotoftime.Butitisnoteasytodoso.Youshoulddevelopsomegoodskillsinsaying“no”.Itisverygoodforyourtimemanagement.Youshouldn’tsparetimeforallthefunactivities.Highschoolsareamazingbecausethereisalwayssomethingfunforyou.Butyoucannotspendtimeonallofthefunactivities.Choosetheonethatyoulikemost.Youcangotherewhenyoufinishyourhomework.3Youshouldavoidputtingoffyourtasks.4Thisisabadhabit.Youmayendupwithtoomanytasksoneday.Ifyouhaveatask,don’twaittogetstarteduntilthelast,becauseyoumaynotknowwhattodoatallifyouhavetoomanytasksandyoumayendupincrisis.5Stayingupalittletoolate?Maybenoteatingahealthydinnereverynightoftheweek?Inordertokeepingoodhealth,youhavetocheckontimesoastobeenergetic.Practicingalittleselfcarecanreallymakeyouhaveenoughpassionforyourworkwithyourlimitedtimewhileinschool.A．Acoolclubtojoin?B．Somestudentslikeputtingoffthings.C．Youshouldkeepyourhealthincheck.D．Tryyourbesttogetridofuselessthings.E．Herearesometipstohelpyoulearntosay“no”.F．Butwhatskillsareneededforgoodtimemanagement?G．Inthisway,youneedn’tfeelguiltyaboutenjoyingyourself.2Whileputersareincrediblyusefultools,theycanalsobeaddictive.Manykidshavetheproblemofspendingtoomuchtimeontheputer.Helpyourchildoveretheirownputeraddictionbyusingthefollowingmethods.6Ifyouarenotathome,youcanchangethepassword(密码)dailyandsendittoyourchildremotelyonceyou’rereadytogivethemaccess(机会).7Limityourchildtousingtheputerforamaximumoftwohoursperdayiftheyareovertwoyearsold.Childrenundertwoshouldnothaveaccesstoanyscreentime.Talkwithyourchildabouttheirexcessiveputeruse.Findoutifthereareanyspecificreasonswhytheyspendsomuchtimeontheputer.8Ifyourchildisfacingproblemsthatarecausingadesiretoescape,addressthosewiththemthroughdiscussions,providingadvice,orgettingthemhelpwhennecessary.Beagoodrolemodel.9Instead,bepresentwhenyouarewiththemandworkonspendingmoretimetogether.Encouragethemtojoinclubsororganizations.Findoutfromthemwhatclubsororganizationsareofferedattheirschool.10A．Setatimelimitonputeruse.B．Encourageyourchildtoreadbooks.C．Setapasswordfortheputerthatonlyyouknow.D．Don’tspendalotoftimeusingtheputeraroundyourchild.E．Sometimes,theputercanfunctionasanescapefromreality.F．Somechildrenmaystayuplateintothenightinordertousetheputer.G．Thiswillprovidethemwithanotherwayofmeetingothersanddevelopingnewhobbiesandinterests.3Doyouthinkyouneedtoshoutatyourselftoforceyourselftofinishyourhomework?Ifso,thinkagain.11Researchshowsthatpracticingselfpassion(自我关怀)improvesourmentalandphysicalwellbeingandsupportslongtermsuccess.Selfpassionisthepracticeofbeingkindandsupportivetoourselves.Theoppositeisbeingselfcriticalandmeantoourselveswhenwemakeamistake.12Thesenegativeresponsesarerelatedtodepression,stressandreducedqualityoflife.A2017studyfoundpeoplewhopracticeselfpassiontendtohandlestressbetter.Theirbodieshavelessofastressresponsewhen,forexample,theymeetwithdifficultiesatworkorschool.13Let’ssaytheydopoorlyonageometrytest.Selfpassionhelpsthemusetheexperiencetomakechangesgoingforward,likeseekingoutamathtutor.14Wecanstartwithmindfulness.Firstofall,practiceobservingourthoughts—aretheyunderstandingorcritical?Don’tjudgeourselvestooseverelythen.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowwecouldhavedonebetter,forgiveourselvesandthinkaboutwhattochangewhileremainingrespectful,andlovingtoourselves.15Wecanreadanovel,playamusicalinstrumentorkickaroundasoccerballwithfriends.Withpractice,wecanlearntotreatourselveswithkindnessandunconditionallove—nottoughlove.A．Sohowdowedevelopselfpassion?B．Itmaybemoreeffectivetobekindtoyourself.C．Itincludeslettinggoofyourstrictselfcriticism.D．Mindfulnessisthekeytopracticingselfpassion.E．Butthisapproachdoesnotmakeusfeelorperformbetter.F．Theyhavemoreconfidencetolookforareaswheretheycanimprove.G．Also,showourselveskindnessinwaysthatnourish(滋养)ourspiritandbody.4Wehaveallheardthatifyoutalktoyourself,you’recrazy,16Accordingtoresearch,talkingtoyourselfinapositivewayisactuallyveryhealthyforyourmindMyfirstexposuretopositiveselftalkwasreadingTheLittleEngineThatCould.Doyourememberthatbookfromyourchildhood?Whiletryingtomakeitupabighill,thelittleenginekeepssayingtohimself,“IthinkIcan,IthinkIcan.”Andofcourse,hemakesit.17Positiveselftalkisoneofthemostvaluabletoolsyoucanusetokeepyourselfphysicallyandmentallybalanced.ManyOlympicandprofessionalathletesuseiteverytimetheypracticeorpete.18Myownpersonalfavoriteis“I’mokay”,backwhenIwasinthemoviebusiness.Iusedtoworkwiththestunt(特技)team.Iwastoldthatoneoftheirsimplebuteffectivesecretswastostaylooseandtalktotheirbody.Ihadthechancetotryitoutoneday.Myapartmentwasonthesecondfloorofaduplex(复式公寓),andonerainydayIslippedonthetopstepandstartedfallingover.ThenIjustkepttellingmyself,“I’mokay.”19Therewereonlyafewscratches(擦伤)onmylegs.Ibelievetothisdaythatitwasthesimplepositiveselftalkthathelpedkeepmefrombeingseriouslyinjured.Positiveselftalkcanalsohelpyoucalmdownfromanxietyandfeellesssad.TherewasaperiodoftimewhenIfeltupset.Everymorning,Iwokeupandsaidtomyself,“Hi,Barton.You’regoingtohaveagooddaytoday.”20WhenIdiditthroughouttheday,fewerthingswouldbotherme,andIbecamefriendliertomyself.A．Infact,that’snotalwaysthecase.B．Muchtomysurprise,IwasjustfineC．It’savaluablelessonforustolearnandremember.D．Instead,thereareseveraldifferenttypesofselftalk.E．Youknow,Iwasprogrammingmybraintofeelgood.F．Whenitestopositiveselftalk,thesimpler,thebetter.G．Thatwasanopportunityformetotrysomethingchallenging.5WhenIshowpeoplethisimageandaskwhattheysee,theymostlysayaquestionmarkwithtwoperiods.Theyoftenaddthatthetwoperiodsrepresentyourpastandfuture,andthequestionmarkistoday.Theywouldn’tbewrong.Asasociety,weareeitherfocusedonnotrepeatingthepastmistakesorwhatwe’lldointhefuture.Wemakelists,trackwhatweread,study,watch,orlistento,andthinkalotoninjusticesthatdemandequality.21WhatifItellyouthatthere’smorewhitespacethanactualmarkingsintheimage?Whitespace—alsocallednegativespace—existsindesignastheunprintedareathatispurposeful.22JocelynK.Gleidescribesitasbalancingthepagebylettingelementsbreathe,enhancingfocus.23Gleisuggestsapplyingwhitespacetodailyschedulestofosterinnovationandimagination.Otherwritingsdescribeitascultivatingthementalcapacitytoplay,explore,learn,andrestwithoutguiltordistraction.Byshiftingfocustothewhitespace,weinvitecreativityandtranscendtheordinary,helpingusbeewhowe’remeanttobe.Simplyput,whereveryouhavegoalsanddreams,thisiswhereyouneedwhitespaceinyourlife.24Ratherthanbeingcontinuallyactive,rushingfromoneactivitytothenext,setasidetimetojustholdhands.Doyouwanttobemorecreativeandproductivewhenyouaretryingtobuildabusinessorcreateinethroughwriting?Thenschedulewhitespaceintoyourcalendartonurturecreativity.Whitespaceisn’tlaziness;it’sintentionaltimeforwisdomtoflow.So,howcanweintroducethisconceptintoourdailyroutines?Youcancreatewhitespacebyintentionallysettingelectronicsasideandwalkingawayfromyoursmartphone.25Justlikeawebpage’swhitespacedrawstheeye,alifewithscheduledwhitespacedrawsinpossibility.A．Buthereiswherewegetourfocusallwrong.B．Itsupportsvisualintegrityanddrawsattention.C．Butourfocustendstoskipthepresentmoment.D．Itcreatesanenvironmentthatfuelsinnovationandimagination.E．Whitespacealsoesfromtakingawalkorgazingatthebreeze.F．Doyoudesireadeeperrelationshipwiththespecialoneinyourlife?G．Ifwhitespaceworkssowellindesign,coulditalsoimproveourlives?6“I’mtonedeaf.”“I’mnotreallyasinger.”Whenyou’reparingyourselftoWhitneyHouston,ArianaGrandeorBeyoncé,it’seasytofeelthatsingingisoutofreach.26Singingistheonlyinstrumentthatpeopledon’tallowthemselvestonotbegoodatrightaway.Sogiveyourselfpermissiontotry,anddon’tworryaboutsoundinggoodatfirst.27Youcanpletetheshiftthroughlearningandpracticing.Speakaphraseandstarttostretchyourvoice.Makeitapositiveexpression,forinstance,“Myvoiceisstrong!”fortheextrabonusofhearingsomeencouragement.Asyourepeatthephrase,introduceexcitementintoyourspeech.28Practicetohearhowhighandhowlowyoucango.Startatthetopofyourrangeinsteadofthebottombecauseifyoustartatthebottom,you’llhitthatceiling,andyouwon’tgetpastit.Thewayyoubreatheisalsocrucialtofindingyoursingingvoice.Asyoubreathein,feeltheairfillyourlungsandgoallthewaytoyourstomach.Thisallowsyourbreathtofillyourdiaphragm,amusclebetweenyourlungsandstomach.29Thenpushthatairoutfromyourbelly(腹部),upoutthroughyourlungs,outtoanopenmouth.Youmaydreamaboutsoundinglikeyourfavoriteartist,butyourvoicesmightjustbedifferent.Soinstead,workinavoicerangethatsuitsyou.Onceyouhavethatawareness,youcanstartlisteningforothersingerswhohavethatsamesound.Justavoidcopyingsimply.Remember,you’retryingtofindyourvoice.LetBeyoncébeBeyoncé.That’stheiridentity.30A．Itistimetomodelafterthem.B．Singingisn’tthatfarofffromspeaking.C．Andthatisthesourceofyourvoicepower.D．That’llhelpyoumorenaturallyslideintosinging.E．Butyoudon’thavetobeaGrammyawardwinner.F．However,agoodsingerdemandsanaturalborntalent.G．It’simportanttobeabletosay,“WhatdoIsoundlike?”7TheRiseofLabGrownMeatFordecades,scientistshavebeenseekingsustainablesolutionstoglobalfoodshortages.31.monlyknownasculturedmeat,thisinnovationgrowsanimalmuscletissuefromstemcellsincontrolledlaboratoryenvironments.Itsemergencecouldrevolutionizeourtraditionalunderstandingofmeatproduction.AnimalFreeMeatCreationviaScienceThemanufacturingprocessbeginswithcollectinganimalcellsthroughharmlessbiopsies.(活组织检查)32.Theyarethenplacedinnutrientrichbioreactorswheretheymultiplyanddevelopintomusclefibers.Surprisingly,thefinalproductmaintainsthesameproteincontentandtextureasconventionalmeatthroughprecisetemperaturecontrolandmechanicalstretching.EnvironmentalImpactsparedtotraditionallivestock(牲畜)farming,labgrownmeatshowsremarkableecologicaladvantages.33.A2024UNreportrevealedthatculturedmeatproductionrequires95%lesslandandreducesgreenhousegasemissionsby87%.Moreover,itpletelyremovestheneedforantibiotics(抗生素)usedinraisinganimals,addressinggrowingconcernsaboutdrugresistantbacteria.34．Despiteitspromise,theindustryfacessignificantchallenges.Currentproductioncostsremainwaytoohigh,withasingleburgerpattycostingapproximately$50toproduce.Consumeracceptancealsopresentsobstacles(阻碍),as42%ofparticipantsinaglobalsurveyexpresseddistrustin“testtubemeat”.Additionally,regulatoryframeworksforsafetystandardsandlabelingrequirementsarestillunderdevelopmentworldwide.FutureOutlookMajorfoodcorporationshaveinvestedover$3billioninculturedmeatresearchsince2022.35.WithSingaporealreadyapprovingmercialsalesandtheEUplanningtolegalizeitby2026,industryanalystspredictculturedmeatcouldcapture10%oftheglobalmeatmarketby2035.Astechnologyadvances,thisscientificbreakthroughmayfundamentallytransformourdiningtablesandecosystemsalike.A．RisingProductionCostsB．ChallengestoMassProductionC．Itconsumes85%lesswaterthanregularfarmsD．ThemostpromisinganswerliesinlabgrownmeatE．ThesecellsarecarefullyselectedfortheirgrowthpotentialF．GovernmentsshouldpromotethisecofriendlyalternativeG．Thehugeincreaseinfundingreflectsgrowingconfidenceinit8AsseasonthreeofTheWhiteLotuspreparestopushThailand’sislandsintotheglobalspotlight,freshwavesofvisitorswillbedrawntothealreadybustling(熙熙攘攘的)shoresofPhuketandKohSamui.36Here,asmallislandnamedKohMakhasquietlypositioneditselfasamodelforsustainabletourism,offeringararevisionofwhatthefutureoftravelinThailandcouldbe.HeadingtowardsKohMak’ssouthernshoresbyspeedboat,myfirstimpressionwassimple:Goldensandcurvedintoclearshallows,andcoconutpalmsleanedtowardstheseaasthoughcaughtmidbow.37Instead,cottagespeekedthroughthetreesandbicyclesoutnumberedcarsontheisland’squietroads.AsIcontinuedmyexplorationofKohMak,IfoundparedwithPhuketandKohSamui,whichareoftenoverrunwithhighriseresortsandmercialchains,KohMakprioritizessustainabilityandthepreservationofitsnaturalbeautyovermasstourism.38Theisland’sresidentsandlocalbusinesseshaveetogethertocreateauniqueenvironmentwherenatureandmunitythrive(蓬勃发展).Insteadoffastfoodchainsandconveniencestores,therearesmall,locallyownedcafesandshopsthatofferagenuinetasteofThaiculture.Thisapproachnotonlyprotectstheisland’senvironmentbutalsosupportsthelocaleconomyinasustainableway.Inaworldwheretourismoftenleadstooverdevelopmenta