硕士研究生入学考试初试笔试-样题

PAGE3PAGE硕士研究生入学考试初试笔试-样题科目代码：XXX科目名称：语言学基础语言学基础考试试题I.Choosethelettercorrespondingtothecorrectanswerofthequestionsprovidedbelow.(30points)1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutallophoneiscorrect?A.Allophoneisasmallestunitthatcandistinguishwordmeaning.B.Iftwosoundsinalanguagemakeacontrastbetweentwodifferentwords,theyaresaidtobedifferentallophones.C.Iftwoormorephoneticallydifferentsoundsdonotmakeacontrastinmeaning,theyaresaidtobeallophonesofthesamephoneme.D.InEnglish,theconsonants[p]and[k]areallophonesofthesamephoneme.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutconsonantisNOTcorrect?A.Consonantisamajorcategoryofsoundsegments.B.“Stop”isakindofconsonant.C.Consonantisproducedbyaclosureinthevocaltract,orbyanarrowingwhichissomarkedthataircannotescapewithoutproducingaudiblefriction.D.Withoutvowel,consonantcanneverformasyllableindependently.3.Constituentisatermusedinstructuralsentenceanalysis.InthesentenceThegirlreadthebook.WhichpartisNOTaconstituent?A.thegirlreadB.thegirlC.readthebookD.thebook4.Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasacoordinatestructure?A.IvisitedaprofessorwhohadwontheNobelPrizelastyear.B.Youareacleverstudent.C.Ilikecoffeeandmilk.D.Theboywenttoschoolbybicycle.5.Theformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorerootsisknownas________.ClippingAffixationConversionCompounding6.Ofthefollowingpairsofwords,______belongstothetypeofconverseantonyms.A.strong/weakB.dead/aliveC.rich/poorD.husband/wife7.___________motivationreferstothedesiretoachieveproficiencyinanewlanguageinordertoknowabouttheotherculture.A.InstrumentalB.IntegrativeC.ExtrinsicD.Achievement8.Generallyspeaking,foronevarietyofalanguagetobecomethestandardforthatlanguage,itneedstoundergofourstages:______,codification,elaborationandacceptance.A.legalizationB.selectionC.promotionD.education9.___________arerootedintheavoidanceofbreakingtaboos.Theyaremild,agreeable,orroundaboutwordsusedinplaceofcoarse,painful,oroffensiveones.A.StylesB.EuphemismsC.JargonsD.Innovations10.Inordertolearnandusealanguage,weneedtostoreinformationaboutthepropertiesofwordsinour___________,andretrievethisinformationwhenweunderstandlanguage.mentallexiconcomputerbookcloudII.Definethefollowingtermsbriefly.(45points)IntonationThedesignfeaturesoflanguageLinguafrancaCommunicativecompetenceSemanticroleIII.Answerthefollowingquestions.(75points)1.DiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheCA(componentialanalysis)approachtowordmeaning.2.Whatisinterlanguage?Canyougivesomeexamplesofinterlanguage?SupposeyouareanEnglishteacherinahighschoolinChina,canyougivesomesuggestionstoimproveyourstudents’imperfectEnglish?3.Describ