第12讲概要写作之记叙文议论文简易速成技巧（复习讲义）（上海高考专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题12概要写作之记叙文、议论文简易速成技巧目录TOC\o"12"\h\u考情分析与命题趋势 1知识体系构建 2考点精析与突破 4考点一：记叙文概要写作 4考点二：议论文概要写作（重点） 8实战精练与提升 12考情解读一、考试要求1.内容要求需完整覆盖原文核心要点，不遗漏关键信息（如记叙文的情节主线、议论文的论点论据、实验类说明文的实验结果与结论等），同时严禁添加个人主观评价，也不能遗漏原文核心主旨，避免信息偏差或要点残缺。2.语言要求语言需准确规范，无语法、拼写错误；必须进行同义替换与句式改写，杜绝大段照抄原文语句；表达需简洁凝练，适配概要的文体特点，不堆砌冗余修饰。3.格式与词数要求词数严格控制在60词左右，词数过多或过少都会酌情扣分；无需遵循特殊格式，以连贯的段落呈现即可。4.逻辑要求需遵循原文的逻辑脉络（如时间顺序、论证顺序、实验流程等），通过恰当使用衔接词串联要点，保证概要逻辑连贯、条理清晰，让读者能快速把握原文核心框架。二、命题分析语篇特征1.

体裁集中且全面：以说明文（含一般说明文、实验研究类说明文）为主流，偶考记叙文、议论文，覆盖实用类与文学类基础体裁，适配概要写作的信息概括需求；2.

篇幅规范：原文长度通常稳定在350词左右，信息量适中，既保证有足够要点可提炼，又避免考生因篇幅过长遗漏核心内容；3.

结构清晰：语篇逻辑严谨，多采用总分、总分总、时间顺序或因果链结构，如实验类说明文固定呈现“背景目的方法结果结论”框架，便于考生定位要点。核心考查1.

信息提炼能力：重点考查筛选核心要点、剔除对话、细节描写、重复例证等冗余信息的能力，如记叙文需提炼情节主线，议论文需精准抓取中心论点；2.

语言转换能力：考查同义替换、句式改写（如长难句简化、主动与被动转换）能力，杜绝照抄原文，同时要求语言简洁准确，无语法错误；3.

逻辑整合能力：要求考生按原文逻辑（如时间、因果、递进）串联要点，通过衔接词体现信息关联性，保证概要逻辑连贯；4.

词数把控能力：需严格控制词数在规定范围（通常60词左右），考查语言压缩与精准表达的平衡能力。命题特色1.

选材贴近热点与生活：主题多围绕科技发展、生态环保、校园生活、成长启示、社会现象等，既贴合学生认知范围，又兼顾时代性，如曾涉及人工智能应用、垃圾分类、阅读习惯等主题；2.

命题稳定且具区分度：体裁与难度常年保持稳定，避免大幅波动，同时通过语篇逻辑复杂度、词汇难度的细微调整区分考生水平，如实验类语篇会通过数据呈现增加要点提炼难度；3.

聚焦实用语言能力：命题不侧重偏难语法或生僻词汇，而是聚焦学术与日常场景中的实用概括能力，契合英语学科“语言运用”的核心目标，评分也侧重内容完整性与语言连贯性，导向明确。三、写作步骤一）、抓住主旨把握重点通读全文，把握文本的篇章结构和行文逻辑，从宏观上抓住文本主旨。在此基础上设法从某一段落中找到一个能够概括全篇的支持句。二）、概括段意整合要点在抓住主旨，把握重点之后，要根据每段的主题句和重点内容归纳出每段的段落大意；要点来自于段落大意，而要点全又是评分的重要方面。三）、转换表达连句成篇所谓转换表达就是将整合或提炼出的要点采用各种各样的方式转换表达出来(避免整句照抄原文)。转换表达的方法。主要有：同义转换法、正反转换法、词性转换法、句式转换法。将转换后的要点按照一定的逻辑顺序并使用衔接、过渡词语连句成篇，形成初稿。知识梳理考点精讲考点一：记叙文概要写作解题策略速抓核心：通读锁定人物、事件因果、结果及情感/主题，标记情节转折点。筛除冗余：保留核心情节，剔除对话、环境、动作等细节描写。精简串联：按时间顺序串联，用同义替换和短句表达，加过渡词保连贯，严控词数。核对纠错：确认要点无遗漏，时态统一（多为过去时），无语法与主观评价错误。（一）记叙文概要写作技巧记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。

1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。

叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。

写人的记叙文（Description）。

写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。（二）记叙文概要写作模板及句型记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when,where,who,what,why,how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：记叙文：what/who/when/where/why/howWhodidwhatby…because…1.通用模板示例开头：about...ymainlytellsabout...（点明故事主要围绕什么展开，填入主要人物及大致主题）主体内容：Firstly,（描述故事开头的关键事件及人物行为）.Then,（接着阐述事件的发展情况）.Afterthat,（继续说明后续重要情节，比如遇到的问题或转折等）.结尾：Finally,（总结故事的结局，如人物最终的情况、问题的解决结果等）.2.常用句型描述人物行为：to...aincharacterdecidedto...（主要人物决定做……）to...etriedhardto...（他/她努力去……）体现事件发展顺序：...thebeginningofthestory,...（在故事开始时……）...thestorywenton,...（随着故事的发展……）表达结果或结局：to...eend,he/shemanagedto...（最后，他/她成功地……）and...ally,theproblemwassolvedand...（最终，问题被解决了并且……）转折与对比：However,thingsdidn'tgoasexpected.（然而，事情并没有如预期那样发展。）...ikewhathe/shethoughtbefore,...（不像他/她之前所想的那样……）总之，上海高考英语记叙文概要写作需要考生仔细分析文本，遵循合理的步骤和运用恰当的技巧、句型，准确概括出文章的核心内容，达到概要写作的要求。（三）记叙文概要写作典例剖析(2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试题)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ThePriceofWinningFourteenyearoldAngussitsonthebench,watchinghisbaseballteamplay.He’soutofthegamebecausehemadeamistake.Forhiscoach,that'sunacceptable—mistakesdon’twingames.Butformostteens,thefocusonwinningisn’tasimportant.Inarecentstudy,90%ofteenagerssaidtheywouldratherplayandlosethansitonthesidelinesandnotplayatall.Forthem,sportsareaboutfun,learning,andbeingpartofateam.However,formanycoachesandparents,winningiseverything,andtheyexpectperfectionfromyoungplayers.Unfortunately,thispressuretowindrivesmanykidsawayfromorganizedsportsearlyon.Inpetitiveevents,nearlyeveryactionaplayermakesisexamined.Parentsandcoachesconstantlyshoutinstructions,sometimesyellingatkidsforerrorsormissedshots.Thisintenseenvironmentdoesn’tletkidsmaketheirownchoicesorlearnfromtheirmistakes.Insteadofenjoyingthegame,youngplayersfeelwatchedandjudgedeverysecond.Theylosethefreedomtoexploretheirabilitiesanddevelopnaturallyasathletesandindividuals.Theemphasisonwinningcreatesdeeperissues,too.Manykidsfeelanxiousbecausethey’reonlypraisedforscoringgoalsorwinningraces,notfortryinghardorimproving.Overtime,thisfocusonresultscanharmtheirselfconfidence,especiallyifthey’reoftenbenched.Theystarttobelievethey’reonlyvaluableiftheyperformperfectly,whichcanmakesportsfeellikeaburdeninsteadofajoy.Twomonthslater,Angusisbackplayingbaseball—butnotonateam.He’sattheparkwithfriends,playingjustforfun,andhe’smuchhappier.Thisraisesanimportantquestion:Howmanypotentialchampionswillquitsportsunlessadultschangetheirattitude?Foryoungathletestothrive,theyneedsupportandencouragement,notthepressuretoalwayswin.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述棒球选手安格斯因为被过度要求获胜，而产生巨大的心理压力，因此导致球场失误，被罚下场的故事，讲述了盲目追求获胜的弊端：过早离开有组织的体育运动，引起自身焦虑。强调运动过程中，运动员需要更多的支持和鼓励，才能避免焦虑，提升自信，进而自由地探索自己的能力，更加享受运动带来的乐趣，激发出自己的潜力。解题步骤第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：第1段：介绍背景，年轻人对输赢的看法与教练和家长的看法不同。第2段：分析过度强调胜利对孩子的负面影响。第3段：指出这种压力对孩子的心理影响。第4段：总结问题，并提出对孩子真正有益的支持方式。第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息段落关键词1.背景①Angus，mistake，coach，winning，teens，fun，team2.负面影响②pressure，drivesaway，examined，shout，errors，judged3.心理影响③anxiety，praised，selfconfidence，burden4.总结④quit，attitude，support，encouragement第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达第1段：Angussitsonthebenchbecausehemadeamistake.Teensfocusonfun,butcoachesandparentsfocusonwinning.（安格斯因失误被罚坐板凳。青少年注重乐趣，而教练和家长注重胜利。）第2段：Pressuretowindriveskidsaway.Coachesandparentsconstantlyshoutinstructionsandcriticizeerrors.（对胜利的压力使孩子们远离运动。教练和家长不断喊叫指令并批评错误。）第3段：Kidsfeelanxiousandloseconfidencebecausethey’reonlypraisedforresults.Sportsbeeaburden.（孩子们因只被表扬结果而感到焦虑，失去信心，运动变成负担。）第4段：Manykidsquitsports.Youngathletesneedsupportandencouragement,notjustpressuretowin.（许多孩子放弃运动。年轻运动员需要支持和鼓励，而不仅仅是胜利的压力。）第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接使用“However”连接青少年和教练/家长的不同观点。使用“Insteadof”和“Ratherthan”表达对比。使用“Because”和“so”连接因果关系。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________概要写作答案（60词左右）Angussitsonthebenchbecausehemadeamistake.Teensfocusonfun,butcoachesandparentsfocusonwinning.Pressuretowindriveskidsaway.Coachesandparentsconstantlyshoutinstructionsandcriticizeerrors.Kidsfeelanxiousandloseconfidencebecausethey’reonlypraisedforresults.Sportsbeeaburden.Manykidsquitsports.Youngathletesneedsupportandencouragement,notjustpressuretowin.Inpetitiveevents,youngplayersarealwaysexpectedperfectionbytheircoachesandparents,whichhasanegativeimpactonteenagers.Notonlydoesitcausethatteenagersprefertositonthesidelinesinsteadoftakingapositiveintheevents,butalsothefocusonresultscanalsomakethemfeelfrustrated.Ifadultschangetheirattitude,youngathleteswillbuildupconfidenceandinspirepotential.考点二：议论文概要写作解题策略定位论点：通读全文快速锁定核心论点及分论点，明确作者立场，标记各段主题句，把握文章整体结构（如总分总、正反对比）。提炼论据：筛选支撑论点的关键论据，合并同类例证或数据，剔除重复、次要的细节案例，不陷入具体论据的繁琐描述。逻辑串联：按原文论证逻辑串联论点与论据，用“Firstly”“Incontrast”等衔接词体现逻辑关系；通过同义替换、句式改写精简表达，杜绝照抄原文。核对完善：确认论点、核心论据、结论无遗漏，语言客观无主观评价，词数合规，语法与时态准确。（一）议论文概要写作技巧议论文（Argumentation）：找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二(即对立观点)的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。（二）议论文概要写作模板及句型议论文：opinion/idea+argument(supportingideas/reasons)1.常用模板观点对比类：Thearticlediscussestheprosandconsof[主题]，arguingthat[观点1]，while[观点2]。问题解决类：Thearticleaddressestheissueof[问题]，analyzingitscausesandproposingsolutionssuchas[解决方法1]and[解决方法2]。道理/观点论证类：Thearticlearguesthat[观点]，supportingthisclaimwithevidencefrom[论据1]and[论据2]。说明利弊类：Thearticleexaminestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesof[主题]，highlighting[优势]and[劣势]。描述现象：Thearticlehighlightstheissueof[现象]，whichhas[影响]。分析原因：Themainreasonsfor[现象]include[原因1]and[原因2]。提出建议：Toaddress[问题]，theauthorsuggests[建议]。2.常用句型提出论点：that...horholdstheviewthat...（作者认为……）that...rguedinthearticlethat...（文章中主张……）列举论据：...example/instance,...（例如……）...ordingtothestatistics,...（根据统计数据……）by...statedby...（正如……所说）体现逻辑关系：hand...hand...Ontheotherhand...（一方面……另一方面……）Notonly...butalso...（不但……而且……）Bycontrast,...（相比之下……）总结强调：Allinall,...（总而言之……）Tosumup,...（总之……）Inshort,...（简言之……）（三）议论文概要写作典例剖析Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学20252026学年高三上学期英语10月月考试题FictionReadingFormanypeople,nothingismoreenjoyablethanspendingawholeafternoonreadingagoodnovel.Butarenovelssimplyapleasantwaytopassthetime,orcoulditbetruethatreadingfictionactuallybenefitsourlives?Oneofthejoysoffictionisthatitcantakeustoplacesthatourliveswon’t.Itcantransportusto17thcenturyFrance,ortowartornGermany.Itcantakeustoafutureworldinwhichartificialintelligencetakesoverandbooksarebanned,orafantasyworldwherepeoplebailitoutforfood.Fictioncanalsointroduceustoawholerangeofpeoplethatwehaven’tyetmet.Andthis,accordingtoCarrieOates,anovelistandacademic,isperhapstherealbenefitofstories.InoneofOates’studies,participantswereaskedtoreadeitherashortstorybyChekhovoraversionofthestoryindocumentaryform.Thosewhoweregiventhefictionalizedversionwerefoundtobemorelikelytosympathizewiththecharacters,thusgoingthroughgreaterchangesinpersonality.Inanotherstudy,sheshowedparticipantsphotosoftheeyesofpeoplewhowerefeelingandthinkingdifferentthings.Thepeoplewhoreadfictionwerebetterabletointerpretthosethoughtsandfeelingsthanthosewhodidn’t.Oatesexplainsthatwhenwereadfiction,weenterintothemindsofthecharacters.Wethinkaboutwhytheybehaveinacertainway,andwhattheyarelikelytodonext.Justaswemightbeemoreknowledgeableaboutpsychologyandastronomyifwereadaboutpsychologyandastronomy,wegetbetteratthiskindofsocialthinkingifwereadfiction.Thisimprovesourunderstandingofthethoughtsandfeelingsofthosearoundusinreallife.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕阅读小说展开，先提出小说是否仅为消遣还是有益生活的疑问，接着通过小说家凯莉・欧茨的两项研究，说明阅读小说能增强共情能力、提升解读他人想法和感受的社交思维能力。解题步骤第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文篇章结构为“引论—本论”式：第1段：提出核心疑问，即阅读小说是单纯消遣还是对生活有益。第2段：指出小说能带领读者体验不同场景、认识不同的人，这是其潜在益处。第34段：通过凯莉・欧茨的两项研究，具体论证阅读小说的实际好处。第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息段落关键词1.疑问①fictionreading，passthetime，benefitourlives2.小说特点②transporttodifferentplaces，introducevariouspeople34.研究结论③sympathizewithcharacters，improvesocialthinking，interpretothers'thoughtsandfeelings第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达第12段：Fictionreadingisenjoyableandcantakereaderstodifferentplacesandintroducethemtovariouspeople.（阅读小说令人愉悦，还能带领读者去往不同地方、认识各类人群。）第34段：StudiesbyCarrieOatesshowitenhancesempathyandsocialthinking,helpingpeoplebetterinterpretothers'thoughtsandfeelingsinreallife.（凯莉・欧茨的研究表明，阅读小说能增强共情能力和社交思维，帮助人们在现实生活中更好地解读他人的想法和感受。）第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接用“Moreover”衔接小说的特点与研究结论，使逻辑更连贯；用“helping”作结果状语，简化句式。概要写作答案（60词左右）【答案01】

ReadingFictionisjoyfulandbeneficialtoourlives.（有好处；1分）Wecanbeledtowherewecan’tgoinreallife,andintroducedtodifferentpeople.（不同的地方和人；1分）Oatesfindsthatfictionreadingenablesustobetteridentifycharacters（认同角色；1分）,thuschangingourpersonalities（改变性格细节一1分）.Thisunderstandinginterpretsothers’mindandfeelings（更能解析别人的情感；1分）,beingmoresociallyknowledgeableinreality（使人更博学或更理解周围人细节二1分）.（共57词）【答案02】

Fictionreadingisenjoyableasittransportsreaderstodifferentplacesandintroducesvariouspeople.Moreover,CarrieOates’studiesproveitboostsempathyandsocialthinking,enablingpeopletobetterunderstandothers’thoughtsandfeelingsinreallife.实战训练一、名校最新试题Passage1【来源】上海市普陀区曹杨中学20252026学年高三9月月考英语试卷PrivacyConcernswithGoogle’sDataCollectionAsGoogleexpandeditsservices,thepanyfacedincreasingcriticismoveritshandlingofuserdata,particularlywithitsemailservice,Gmail.Gmail,whichoffersfreeemailaccounts,fundsitselfthroughtargetedadvertising.Todelivertheseads,Googleanalyzesthecontentofusers’emailstoidentifyrelevantkeywords.Thispractice,whileeffectiveforadtargeting,raisedsignificantprivacyconcerns.Manyusersfeltunfortablewiththeideaoftheiremailsbeingscanned,evenifitwasdonebyalgorithms(算法)ratherthanhumans.Theyarguedthatthispracticeconstitutedaninvasionofprivacy,despiteGoogle’sassurancesthatthecontentwasonlyanalyzedbyautomatedsystems.Googledefendeditsapproachbypointingoutthatotheremailservicesusesimilarmethodstofightspam(垃圾邮件)andshowmorerelevantads.However,thecontroversyrevealedabroaderissueregardingtheextenttowhichpaniesshouldbeallowedtoanalyzeuserdataformercialpurposes.TheprivacydebateextendedbeyondGmailtootherGoogleservices,suchasGoogleStreetView.Thisservice,whichprovidesimagesofstreetsaroundtheworld,wasintendedtoenhanceuserexperiencebyofferingdetailedvisualmaps.However,manyindividualsandgovernmentsexpressedconcernsoverthepotentialformisuseoftheseimages,particularlyregardingprivacyandsecurity.Somearguedthattheabilitytoviewdetailedstreetlevelimagescouldposerisksifusedforharmfulpurposes.Inresponsetotheseconcerns,Googletookmeasurestoblur(模糊)facesandlicenseplatesinitsStreetViewimages.Despitetheseefforts,thedebateaboutprivacycontinued,ascriticsworriedaboutthebroaderimplicationsofGoogle’sdatacollectionpractices.AsGoogleaddressedtheseplexissues,itbecameevidentthatthechallengeofbalancinginnovationwithprivacywasanongoingstruggle,reflectingbroadersocietalconcernsaboutdatasecurityinthedigitalage.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Googlefacedcriticismforcollectinguserdata,particularlythroughGmail’sadtargetingemailscanning,raisingprivacyconcernsdespiteautomatedanalysis.GoogleStreetViewalsosparkeddebatesoverprivacyrisksfromstreetlevelimages,promptingmeasureslikefaceblurring.Thecontroversyhighlightedtheongoingchallengeofbalancinginnovationwithprivacyinthedigitalage.【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了谷歌数据收集引发的隐私问题，如Gmail邮件扫描和街景图像带来的争议，以及平衡创新与隐私的挑战。【详解】1.要点摘录①AsGoogleexpandeditsservices,thepanyfacedincreasingcriticismoveritshandlingofuserdata,particularlywithitsemailservice,Gmail.②Thispractice,whileeffectiveforadtargeting,raisedsignificantprivacyconcerns.③TheprivacydebateextendedbeyondGmailtootherGoogleservices,suchasGoogleStreetView.④However,manyindividualsandgovernmentsexpressedconcernsoverthepotentialformisuseoftheseimages,particularlyregardingprivacyandsecurity.⑤Inresponsetotheseconcerns,Googletookmeasurestoblur(模糊)facesandlicenseplatesinitsStreetViewimages.⑥AsGoogleaddressedtheseplexissues,itbecameevidentthatthechallengeofbalancinginnovationwithprivacywasanongoingstruggle,reflectingbroadersocietalconcernsaboutdatasecurityinthedigitalage.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合，将第6要点进行归纳总结。3.遣词造句Googlefacedcriticismforcollectinguserdata,particularlythroughGmail’sadtargetingemailscanning,raisingprivacyconcernsdespiteautomatedanalysis.GoogleStreetViewalsosparkeddebatesoverprivacyrisksfromstreetlevelimages,promptingmeasureslikefaceblurring.Thecontroversyhighlightedtheongoingchallengeofbalancinginnovationwithprivacyinthedigitalage.【点睛】[高分句型1]Googlefacedcriticismforcollectinguserdata,particularlythroughGmail’sadtargetingemailscanning,raisingprivacyconcernsdespiteautomatedanalysis.(运用了现在分词作状语)[高分句型2]GoogleStreetViewalsosparkeddebatesoverprivacyrisksfromstreetlevelimages,promptingmeasureslikefaceblurring.(运用了现在分词作状语)Passage2【来源】上海市七宝中学20242025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷Thewagesofequality:AworldofunfinishedbusinessOverthepastseveraldecades,women’seconomiccontributionshavebeevitaltohouseholdmanagementandconsumerspending.However,despitetheirgrowingpresenceintheworkforce,womenoftenfacechallengesrelatedtowagedifferences.Oneofthemajorreasonsforthispersistentwagegapisthat,acrossvariouscountries,discriminationinhiringandeducationalopportunitiesstillplaysapart,thoughithasbeelessmon.Inmanyregions,discrimination’simpactisdeclining,butitstillcontributessignificantlytopaygaps.Effortstoclosethegenderwagegaparenotmerelyaboutequality—theyalsohavesignificanteconomicimplications.Economistsandlaborexpertsarguethatthewagegapactsasadragonproductivity.Countriesthatignorethisissuemaystruggleeconomicallybynotfullyusingthetalentsofeducatedwomen.Moreover,closingthewagegaphasthepotentialtoempowerwomeneconomicallyandprovidegreaterautonomy,leadingtoahostofsocialandpolicychanges.AccordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD),wageinequalityisshapedbygeographyandnationalpolicies.Forexample,inthelate1990s,thewagegapwasnarrowestinBelgium,France,andSwedenbutmorepronouncedincountrieslikeJapan,Spain,andItaly.Furtherplicatingmattersistheinfluenceoffreemarketforcesonwageinequality.Aseconomieshaveshiftedawayfromheavyregulation,thegapbetweenhighandlowineworkershasgrown.Highlypaidprofessionalshaveincreasinglypulledahead,whilelowerpaidworkersstruggletokeeppace,deepeningtheoverallwageinequalityacrossindustries.Addressingthesegapsischallenging.Policymakersneedtomakesuregenderequalitymeasuresarenotonlyimplementedbutalsoworkwellwithintheeconomy.Thisrequirescontinuousmonitoringandadjustmentstoensurethatpolicieseffectivelyreducegapswithoutcreatingunintendedconsequences.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】

Overrecentdecades,women’seconomiccontributionstohouseholdsandconsumptionhavegrownvital.However,theystillfacewagegapsduetolingeringdiscriminationinhiringandeducation,plusinfluencesofgeography,nationalpolicies,andfreemarketforces.Closingthesegapsmattersforproductivity,women’sempowerment,andsocialchange,sopolicymakersmustensureeffective,monitoredequalitymeasurestotacklegapswithoutsideeffects.【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了近几十年来，女性在家庭和消费方面的经济贡献愈发重要，但仍因招聘和教育中存在的歧视，以及地理、国家政策、自由市场力量等因素面临工资差距；缩小该差距对生产力、女性赋权和社会变革意义重大，政策制定者需确保平等措施有效实施且受监控，同时避免产生副作用。【详解】1.要点摘录①Genre:Expositorytextonwomen’seconomicstatus.②Women’seconomiccontributions:Overrecentdecades,theireconomiccontributionstohouseholdsandconsumptionhavebeeincreasinglyimportant.③Problemsfaced:Stillfacewagegapsduetodiscriminationinhiringandeducation,aswellasinfluencesfromgeography,nationalpolicies,andfreemarketforces.④Significanceofnarrowingthegap:Ofgreatsignificancetoproductivity,women’sempowerment,andsocialchange.⑤Relevantmeasures:Policymakersneedtoensurethatequalitymeasuresareeffectivelyimplementedandmonitored,whileavoidingsideeffects.2.缜密构思将1、2点进行整合，3点独立概括，4、5点重新组合3.遣词造句Overrecentdecades,women’seconomiccontributionstohouseholdsandconsumptionhavegrownvital.However,theystillfacewagegapsduetolingeringdiscriminationinhiringandeducation,plusinfluencesofgeography,nationalpolicies,andfreemarketforces.Closingthesegapsmattersforproductivity,women’sempowerment,andsocialchange,sopolicymakersmustensureeffective,monitoredequalitymeasurestotacklegapswithoutsideeffects.【点睛】【高分句型1】However,theystillfacewagegapsduetolingeringdiscriminationinhiringandeducation,plusinfluencesofgeography,nationalpolicies,andfreemarketforces.运用非谓语动词动名词作dueto的宾语，对第二段进行概括，语言高级。【高分句型2】Closingthesegapsmattersforproductivity,women’sempowerment,andsocialchange,sopolicymakersmustensureeffective,monitoredequalitymeasurestotacklegapswithoutsideeffects.运用了连词so表示因果关系，以及非谓语动词不定式作目的状语，对三、四、五、六段进行概括，语言高级。Passage3【来源】上海市川沙中学20242025学年高三下学期5月阶段考英语试题TheFutureofJournalismJournalismhaschangedalotovertheyears.Itusedtobeclearwhoajournalistwas—theyhadadegree,workedforanewspaper,TV,orradio,andspenttheirdaysreportingandwriting.Butnow,thedistinctionbetweenprofessionaljournalistsandthegeneralpublichasbeelessdefined.Today,anyonewithasmartphonecanbeajournalist.Ifyou’reatthesceneofanewsevent,youcanrecorditandshareitinstantlyonline.There’snoneedtowaitforaprofessionaljournalisttointerviewyouwhenyoucantellthestoryyourself.Withtheriseofsocialmediaplatforms,moreandmorepeoplearebeing“citizenjournalists”.Theseplatformsallowanyonetoreportonevents,sharetheiropinions,andevenbreaknewsbeforetraditionalmediaoutlets.Thishasledtotheemergenceofmanyindependentnewssitesandblogsthatgiveavoicetopeoplewhowerepreviouslyunheard.Forexample,inSouthKorea,asitecalledOhmynewshas26,000citizenreporterswhosharenewsandstorieseveryday.However,whenthistrendofcitizenjournalismbegan,traditionalmediadidn’ttakeitseriously.Establishednewsorganizationsweredoubtfulofamateurjournalistswholackedprofessionaltraining.However,thisperceptionischanging.Majornewsoutletsarestartingtohireindividualsfromthesenewmediasources,recognizingthatcitizenjournalistscanofferfreshperspectivesthatconnectwiththepublic.Ofcourse,theriseofparticipatoryjournalismhasalsobroughtchallenges.Somecriticsarguethatnewssharedonsocialmediacanbemisleadingorevenfalse.Thereareconcernsabout“fakenews”spreadingquicklywithoutbeingproperlychecked.Forinstance,duringthe2011Londonunrest,socialmediawasusedtospreadfalseinformation,leadingtoconfusionandpanic.It’sclearthatjournalismisevolving.Asmorepeoplebeeinvolvedinreportingandsharingnews,it’simportantforeveryonetodevelopstrongcriticalthinkingskills.Beingabletoquestionandcheckinformationismorecrucialthanever.Aninformedandthoughtfulpublicisessentialforahealthysociety.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thefutureofjournalismismarkedbytheriseofcitizenjournalismthroughsocialmedia,blurringtraditionalboundaries.Whileitdiversifiesnewssources,challengeslikefakenewsemerge,necessitatingpubliccriticalthinking.【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了新闻业的未来发展趋势，指出社交媒体的普及使得公民新闻兴起，模糊了传统新闻行业的界限。这一变化既丰富了新闻来源，也带来了虚假新闻等挑战，因此公众需要培养批判性思维能力。【详解】1.要点摘录①Butnow,thedistinctionbetweenprofessionaljournalistsandthegeneralpublichasbeelessdefined.②Today,anyonewithasmartphonecanbeajournalist.③Withtheriseofsocialmediaplatforms,moreandmorepeoplearebeing“citizenjournalists”.④Theseplatformsallowanyonetoreportonevents,sharetheiropinions,andevenbreaknewsbeforetraditionalmediaoutlets.⑤Somecriticsarguethatnewssharedonsocialmediacanbemisleadingorevenfalse.⑥It’simportantforeveryonetodevelopstrongcriticalthinkingskills.2.填空构思将①④整合为公民记者的兴起现象，⑤说明其挑战，⑥提出解决方案。3.遣词造句Thefutureofjournalismisevolvingwithcitizenjournalistsplayingasignificantrolethroughsocialmedia,blurringtraditionalprofessionalboundaries.Whilethisdemocratizationbringsdiversevoices,italsoraisesconcernsaboutmisinformation,underscoringtheneedforpublicmedialiteracy.【点睛】【高分句型1】Thefutureofjournalismismarkedbytheriseofcitizenjournalismthroughsocialmedia,blurringtraditionalboundaries.（运用了现在分词“blurring”作结果状语）【高分句型2】Whileitdiversifiesnewssources,challengeslikefakenewsemerge,necessitatingpubliccriticalthinking.（运用了“While”引导的让步状语从句）二、真题演练2018年6月高考BeinganattractiveemployeeThe2008financialcrisiscreatedanunstablejobmarket.Fastforward