第11讲句子还原六选四满分策略（复习讲义）（上海高考专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题11句子还原六选四满分策略目录TOC\o"12"\h\u考情分析与命题趋势 1知识体系构建 2考点精析与突破 4考点一：结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断（重点） 4考点二：词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断（重点） 11考点三：逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断（难点） 14实战精练与提升 18考情解读一、考试要求句子还原六选四阅读文章一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。二、命题分析题型与分值4道题，每题2分，共8分语篇特征1.题材：以议论文、说明文为主，聚焦社会、科技、文化、哲理，贴合学生认知。2.结构：多为“总分总”或“问题解决”框架，逻辑连贯，衔接线索清晰。3.篇幅：原文400500词，挖空4处，选项6个，长度与原文句子匹配。核心考查1.逻辑理解：判断句间（因果、转折等）、段间（承上启下等）逻辑关系。2.信息匹配：通过词汇复现、话题一致，实现空格与选项的语义呼应。3.结构把控：识别空格功能（主题句、支撑句、总结句等），把握语篇整体框架。命题特点1.挖空：多在段落中间（承上启下）或段尾（总结），上下文线索充足。2.干扰项：局部信息呼应但逻辑不连贯，或逻辑相似但语义偏离。3.线索：选项与原文含显性衔接词（however/so）、代词（it/they）等，引导匹配。知识梳理考点精讲考点一：结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断解题策略一、读懂段意定两头——段首、段尾题(1)挖空在段首，常是主题句或承上启下句假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句。若不是主题句，则考虑是承上启下句。(2)挖空在段尾，常是结论句或承上启下句挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的关联词（如：therefore,asaresult,thus,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword）或句子；挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起来。这时，我们不光要看空格前面的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。(段首类的承上启下句同样适用此法)二、细辨关系定中间——段中题若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。一般说来，文章的行文通常需要一定的衔接手段来实现，而该题型的衔接手段主要有以下两种渠道：一是词汇线索，二是行文逻辑。(1)从词汇线索上判断(2)从行文逻辑上判断【典例剖析】【上海市延安中学20252026学年高三上学期9月评估英语试题】Allthissuggestspayingattentiontonightmaresisagoodidea.Wheretheyareasymptom,theycanwarnoftroubleahead.Andwheretheyareacause,treatmentstoreducenightmarescanbeundertakenasapriority.12Inthecasesofdepressionandanxiety,nightmaresarebothsymptomandcause.InconditionssuchasParkinson’sanddementia,though,whicharetheresultsofneurologicaldamage,nightmaresareunlikelytobeanythingotherthansymptomatic.A．Thatisnottosaythetwoarealwayseasytodistinguish.B．HereachedthisconclusionbyanalyzingsixlongtermstudiesfromAmericaandBritain,involvingmorethan180,000individuals.C．Consequently,medicalinterventionsshouldbethefirstlineoftreatment.D．Instead,ithasbeenconfirmed.【答案】12．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了噩梦对身体的危害，建议人们要多加注意。目前对噩梦的研究还是一个未被充分探索的医学领域，对噩梦的治疗是非常困难的。12．根据上文“Wheretheyareasymptom,theycanwarnoftroubleahead.Andwheretheyareacause,treatmentstoreducenightmarescanbeundertakenasapriority.(当它们表现为一种症状时，它们可能预示着即将出现的问题。而当它们成为病因时，应优先采取措施来减少噩梦的发生)”和下文“Inthecasesofdepressionandanxiety,nightmaresarebothsymptomandcause.(在抑郁症和焦虑症的病例中，噩梦既是症状也是病因)”可知，空处应该表明症状和病因是难以清楚地区分的。故选项A.Thatisnottosaythetwoarealwayseasytodistinguish.(这并不是说这两者总是容易区分的)中的thetwo指代上文中的symptom和cause，指出了两者不易区分，符合语境。故选A。【上海市复旦大学附属中学20252026学年高三上学期9月第二次测试英语试题】Thefiresthemselvescannotbestopped;theyarefueledbyclimatechangelayeredontopofanecosystemthatburnsregularlyaspartofitsnaturalcycle.Hottertemperaturesanddrierlandscapesmeanmorefires.13.Ithasmadeitselfmorevulnerablewithoutofdateregulationsandselfdefeatingpolicies.Furthermore,thecodesdatebackto2008andhavenotyetbeenupdatedtoincludethelatestscienceonwhybuildingsburn.15.Today,landscaperscanstilldrawupdesignswherebarkmulch—analmostperfectfuel—islaiddownaroundahome,office,orevenhospital.A．However,muchofCalifornia’smessnowadaysisofitsownmaking.B．Theyalsodonothingabouttheneedtoimprovemostoftheexistinghousesandotherproperties.C．Californiahasfailedtoencouragehomeownerstomoveoutofthemostdangerousareas.F．Thatincludesstrongevidencethatthefirstfivefeetaroundastructurearekeytoitsdefensebutalltoooftenconsistofflammablematerials.【答案】13．A15．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章解释了加州野火频发且损失惨重的原因：气候变化加剧了本就易燃的生态环境，加州的防火建筑法规陈旧且执行不力。13．上文“Thefiresthemselvescannotbestopped;theyarefueledbyclimatechangelayeredontopofanecosystemthatburnsregularlyaspartofitsnaturalcycle.Hottertemperaturesanddrierlandscapesmeanmorefires.(这些火灾本身无法被阻止；它们的燃料来自于气候变化，而气候变化又叠加在一个本就会定期燃烧的生态系统之上——燃烧本就是该系统自然循环的一部分。更高的温度和更干燥的地貌意味着会有更多的火灾)”指出燃烧是自然循环的一部分，更高的温度和更干燥的地貌意味着更多的火灾，即自然原因导致火灾。下文“Ithasmadeitselfmorevulnerablewithoutofdateregulationsandselfdefeatingpolicies.(过时的法规和弄巧成拙的政策使它变得更加脆弱)”指出法规和政策使加利福尼亚变得更脆弱。由此可知，火灾不仅是自然造成的，加利福尼亚州本身也要负责。A项“然而，如今加州的许多混乱都是它自己造成的。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。15．上文“Furthermore,thecodesdatebackto2008andhavenotyetbeenupdatedtoincludethelatestscienceonwhybuildingsburn.(此外，这些规范可追溯到2008年，尚未更新以包括有关建筑物燃烧原因的最新科学)”指出规范未更新，没有指出建筑物燃烧原因的最新科学。由此推知，下文可能举例陈述规范的不足之处。F项“这其中包括有力的证据表明，建筑物周围最初的五英尺范围是其防御的关键，但这一区域却往往布满了易燃材料。”符合语境。故选F。【2026届上海市七宝中学高三上学期模拟预测】Doctorsandscientistshaveproposedanumberofpossiblereasonsforthisconnection.Onemonfactorisinflammation(炎症),whichoccurswhenthebodysensesathreatandsendswhitebloodcellstoattackit.Thisleadstopainfulswelling,whichisthemainsymptomofgumdisease.Whileinflammationhasn’tbeenshowntocauseheartdisease,itoftenacpaniesit.__________7__________C．Therighttypeofexerciseintherightquantitieslowerssystemicinflammation,whiletoomuchofthewrongkindincreasesit.D．Certainly,brushingandflossingarenosubstituteforexerciseandahealthydiet.E．Butmanyinthemedicalfieldagreethatpsychosocialstress,activitylevel,andgeneticelementsmayalsocontribute.F．Anditturnsoutthatthesametypesofbacteriaoftenleadtoinflammationinbothdiseases.【答案】7．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了牙龈疾病与心脏病之间的关联，分析了两者可能存在联系的原因，并基于这种关联为人们的健康提出了相关建议。7．根据上文“Onemonfactorisinflammation(炎症),whichoccurswhenthebodysensesathreatandsendswhitebloodcellstoattackit.Thisleadstopainfulswelling,whichisthemainsymptomofgumdisease.Whileinflammationhasn’tbeenshowntocauseheartdisease,itoftenacpaniesit.(一个共同的因素是炎症，当身体感知到威胁并发送白细胞攻击它时，就会发生炎症。这会导致疼痛的肿胀，这是牙龈疾病的主要症状。虽然炎症尚未被证明会导致心脏病，但它经常伴随着心脏病)”可知，前文指出炎症是牙龈疾病和心脏病的共同因素。F项“而且事实证明，相同类型的细菌往往会导致这两种疾病中的炎症”进一步解释了“炎症成为两者共同因素”的原因——相同细菌引发炎症，补充了前文关于炎症的论述，使逻辑更完整，符合语境。故选F。（2025·上海徐汇·二模）Ina2008study,psychologistsaskedparticipantstoratethesteepness(陡度)ofahill.Thosewhowereacpaniedbyafriendjudgedthehilltobelesssteepthanpeoplewhowerealone.Thisisjustoneofmanywaysfriendshipscanchangehowweseeandmovethroughtheworld.Friendshipscanboostouracademicperformance,helpusdealwithsetbacks,andevenimproveourhealth.1Ifyoustrugglewithapproachingnewpeople,youarefarfromalone.Inaseriesofstudies,participantshadconversationsofvaryinglengthswithstrangers.Afterward,theywereaskedtoestimatehowmuchtheythoughteachstrangerlikedthem.Acrosstheboard,participantsratedtheirownlikabilitymuchlowerthanothershadactuallyratedthem.D．Andthemorefriendsyoumake,themoreconfidentyou’lllikelyfeel.E．Forexample,theremightbeasituationthatputstwofriendsinpetition.F．It’sclearthatfriendshipsareimportant,butmakingandmaintainingfriendsisn’talwayseasy.【答案】1．F【导语】本文是说明文。主要探讨了友谊的持久性及其影响因素。1．根据上文“Friendshipscanboostouracademicperformance,helpusdealwithsetbacks,andevenimproveourhealth.(友谊可以提高我们的学习成绩，帮助我们应对挫折，甚至改善我们的健康)”讲述友谊的好处，以及后文“Ifyoustrugglewithapproachingnewpeople,youarefarfromalone.(如果你在接近新朋友时遇到困难，那么你并不是一个人)”可知，本段主要讲述结交朋友是困难的，所以F项“It’sclearthatfriendshipsareimportant,butmakingandmaintainingfriendsisn’talwayseasy.(很明显，友谊很重要，但结交和维持朋友并不总是那么容易)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。（2025·上海杨浦·二模）1Eventually,withthestabilitythathercareergaveher,shewasabletotakeafilmphotographyclass.Whenherfirstprintdevelopedinadarkroomtray,shesayssheexperiencedthat“definingmoment”peoplespeakofwhenthey’vejustdiscoveredwhattheywillspendtherestoftheirlifepursuing.Fromthere,Guzytookclassesinphotojournalismandsecurednewspapertraineeshipswhileinschool.A．Guzysaysshediscoveredthatbeinghonestandsharingopenlyistheonlywaytolightenaburdennooneshouldcarryalone.B．Sheneverhesitatestoinformthepublicofplexsocialissues.C．“Storytellingismyoxygen,”shesays.D．Growingup,Guzy’sfamilystruggledtomakeendsmeet,whichledhertochoosewhatsheperceivedasasensiblecareer:nursing.【答案】1．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了CarolGuzy的摄影生涯。1．根据后文“Eventually,withthestabilitythathercareergaveher,shewasabletotakeafilmphotographyclass.Whenherfirstprintdevelopedinadarkroomtray,shesayssheexperiencedthat“definingmoment”peoplespeakofwhenthey’vejustdiscoveredwhattheywillspendtherestoftheirlifepursuing.Fromthere,Guzytookclassesinphotojournalismandsecurednewspapertraineeshipswhileinschool.(最终，凭借她的事业给她带来的稳定，她能够参加电影摄影课程。她说，当她在暗室的托盘里冲洗出第一张照片时，她经历了人们所说的“决定性时刻”，即他们刚刚发现了他们将用余生追求的东西。从那以后，Guzy参加了摄影新闻课程，并在学校期间获得了报纸实习机会)”可知，后文介绍了她的职业经历，且提到了事业带来的稳定，推测本句是在说明一开始从事的职业。故D选项“在她的成长过程中，Guzy的家庭一直在努力维持收支平衡，这让她选择了她认为明智的职业：护士”符合语境，故选D。（2025·上海金山·二模）3Inateam,youmaytakeonrolessuchasleadingaproject,assigningtasks,ormotivatingothers.Theseexperiencesteachyouhowtomanagegroupdynamicsandinspirepeopletoworktowardamongoal.Atthesametime,youlearntocooperateeffectively,balancingyourcontributionswiththoseofothers.Theseskillsareparticularlyimportantintoday’sinterconnectedworkenvironment,whereprojectsoftenrequireinputfrommultipleparticipants.A．Teamworkalsoenhancesleadershipandcollaborationskills.B．Additionally,teamworkcanincreaseyourcontributionsintheworkplace.C．Bypoolingresourcesandideas,teamscantackleplexproblemsmoreeffectively.【答案】3．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了团队合作在职业规划和个人职业成长中的重要性，介绍了团队合作能培养解决问题能力、提升沟通能力等好处。3．下文“Inateam,youmaytakeonrolessuchasleadingaproject,assigningtasks,ormotivatingothers.Theseexperiencesteachyouhowtomanagegroupdynamicsandinspirepeopletoworktowardamongoal.(在团队中，你可能会承担诸如领导一个项目、分配任务或激励他人等角色。这些经历会教你如何管理团队动态，激励人们朝着一个共同的目标努力)”描述了在团队中能获得领导和合作相关的经验。A选项“Teamworkalsoenhancesleadershipandcollaborationskills.(团队合作还能提升领导和合作能力)”正好引出下文关于团队合作在领导和合作方面的内容，与下文逻辑关系紧密。故选A项。（2025·上海青浦·二模）WolvesinEurope,forexample,areunderthespotlight.Followingreintroductionsandcarefulprotection,therearenow21,500oftheseawesomeanimalsacrossthecontinent.Butasnumbersincrease,thereisarisingtideofopposition.EvenSwitzerlandisundergoinganefforttoeliminate70percentofitswolfpopulation(currently300animalsin32packs).2TheNorwegiangovernment,meanwhile,seemsdeterminedtolimititswolfpopulationtojustafewbreedingpairs—whichitsaysisenoughtokeepthemfromextinction.Moreaccurately,itwillpushthemtotheedgeofextinction.A．paratively,morepeoplearekilledbylivestock(牲口).B．Thehuntingforwolveshasinitiatedlonglastingdebatesamongresearchersandpolicymakers.C．Thisisdespitethefactthatattacksonlivestockhavedeclinedsharplywhilewolfnumbershaveincreased.D．Weshouldstayalerttooccasionalwolfattacksonhumans.【答案】2．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了欧洲对食肉动物保护的错误做法，呼吁寻找保护食肉动物与保障人类利益之间的平衡。2．由上文“EvenSwitzerlandisundergoinganefforttoeliminate70percentofitswolfpopulation(currently300animalsin32packs)(甚至瑞士也在努力消灭70%的狼群（目前有32个狼群，共300只狼）)”可知，本空要说明在狼数量增加的情况下，这种消灭狼群的做法不合理，C选项“Thisisdespitethefactthatattacksonlivestockhavedeclinedsharplywhilewolfnumbershaveincreased(尽管狼的数量增加了，但对牲畜的攻击却急剧减少)”承接上文，说明消灭狼群做法的不合理之处，符合题意。故选C。（2025·上海静安·二模）Whatqualifiesasasnackoramealisstillamatterofperspective.1GeneralMills,QuakerOatsandotherbrandsareaddingtotheirlineupofsmallpackagedbarsandyogurts.AndJimmyDeanthissummerintroducedminibreakfastsandwiches.It’sbreakfastinstages.Peoplewilleatsomethingathome,thenstopataconveniencestoreforcoffeeandmaybealittlesomething.

2ThenumberoftimesAmericanssnackisrisingfasterinthemorningthanduringtheafternoonorevening.Afterall,it’seasierandlesstimeconsumingtopopafewsnacksinyourbackpackforlaterenjoymentthantositdownforapreparedmeal.A．Sustainingenergywhileonthemovealldaywithoutsacrificingflavoristheoverallrule.B．Nutritionalbenefitsofpackagedgoodiesarerepeatedlymentioned.C．Thereisamonlyheldideathatmorefrequentmealscanhelpinfluenceweightloss.D．Butfoodpaniesarealreadyrollingoutsmallerbitesthatfeedthegrowingappetiteformorningtreats.E．Marketingmorningsnacksistrickier,though.F．Thedeconstructionofbreakfastisdefinitelyhappening.【答案】1．D2．F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国人早餐习惯的变化，即分阶段进食，食品公司推出小份早餐食品，同时指出推广早餐零食有挑战及应对策略。1．上文“Whatqualifiesasasnackoramealisstillamatterofperspective.(什么算零食或正餐仍是个见仁见智的问题)”提到零食和正餐的界定不明确。D选项“Butfoodpaniesarealreadyrollingoutsmallerbitesthatfeedthegrowingappetiteformorningtreats.(但食品公司已经在推出小份食品，以满足人们对早餐零食日益增长的需求)”与上文形成转折，表明尽管界定不明确，但食品公司已经开始行动推出适合早餐吃的小份食品，同时与下文“GeneralMills,QuakerOatsandotherbrandsareaddingtotheirlineupofsmallpackagedbarsandyogurts.(通用磨坊、桂格燕麦等品牌正在增加其小包装棒状食品和酸奶的产品线)”相呼应，介绍了公司的具体行动。故选D项。2．上文“It’sbreakfastinstages.Peoplewilleatsomethingathome,thenstopataconveniencestoreforcoffeeandmaybealittlesomething.(早餐是分阶段进行的。人们会先在家吃点东西，然后在便利店停下来喝杯咖啡，可能再吃点小零食)”描述了美国人分阶段吃早餐的方式。F选项“Thedeconstructionofbreakfastisdefinitelyhappening.(早餐的拆分现象确实正在发生)”对上文内容进行总结概括，指出早餐不再是传统的一顿，而是被拆分了。故选F项。（2025·上海宝山·二模）Studentscreateandsharevideosofthemselvesstudyingearnestly,usuallyforanexam.Manyofthevideosareshotinaquietroom.Thecameraoftenfocusesonacleandeskwithatidydisplayofbooks,notebooks,aputerandatimer.Throughoutmostofthevideos,nowordsarespoken;thefocusisonthecreatorasheorshestudies.2Next,observingthediligenceofthecreatoroftenmotivatesviewers,especiallythosewhohavetroublestudying.Finally,viewergainemotionalsupportbyknowingthattheyarepartofagroupwithperhapsthousandsothers,allworkingtowardthesamegoal.SomeviewershavesaidthatStudywithMe“satisfiestheneedforbelongingandsocialcontact”byprovidingasenseofpanionship.4A．Thepointisnottoteachanythingbutsimplytoprovideastudypanion.B．Thecreatorbeesastudypartner,whichreducestheisolationmanystudentsfeel.C．ThatiswhySWMesintobeing,andbeesmoreandmorepopularthesedays.D．That’swhereStudywithMe(SWM)videoseintoplay.【答案】2．A4．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交媒体上兴起的学习陪伴视频（SWM）现象，探讨了其形式、益处及受欢迎的原因。2．由上文“Throughoutmostofthevideos,nowordsarespoken;thefocusisonthecreatorasheorshestudies.(在大多数视频中，没有人说话；重点是创作者在学习时的状态。)”可知，上文描述了SWM视频的拍摄场景和特点，所以本空应进一步说明这种视频的重点或目的。A选项“Thepointisnottoteachanythingbutsimplytoprovideastudypanion.(重点不是教任何东西，而是提供一个学习伙伴。)”能够承接上文，解释SWM视频的重点，符合题意。故选A。4．由上文“SomeviewershavesaidthatStudywithMe"satisfiestheneedforbelongingandsocialcontact"byprovidingasenseofpanionship.(一些观众表示，学习陪伴视频通过提供陪伴感“满足了归属感和社交接触的需求”。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种陪伴感如何影响观众。B选项“Thecreatorbeesastudypartner,whichreducestheisolationmanystudentsfeel.(创作者成为学习伙伴，这减少了许多学生感到的孤独感。)”进一步阐述了SWM视频如何减少学生的孤独感，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。（2025·上海奉贤·二模）TheRiseofPlushie(毛绒玩具)CultureItlookedlikeatypicalfishandchipshop.Chefstendedtofryingbasketsandwrappedordersinnewspaper.However,this“catchoftheday”wasentirelyinedible.TheLondonpopupshopbyJellycat,afamousplushtoybrand,soldsoftfishwithplushielemonsinsteadofrealseafood.1TikTokvideoswiththePlushiestag,showingdifferentkindsofstuffedtoyslikecartooncharactersandcreativeshapes,havebeenwatchedalmost8billiontimes.Crazyshoppingscenesinsomepopupshopsareextremelymindblowing.A．Thetargetinsteadis“kidults”(aged12+),accountingforover25%oftoysales.B．Theplayfulconceptmirroredaglobaltrend:theworldhasgonesoftforsofttoys.C．Thatisbecausemorechildrenturnedtoplushpanionsforemotionalsupport.【答案】1．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了毛绒玩具文化的兴起。毛绒玩具不再只是小孩子的玩具，在这个快节奏、压力巨大的世界里，毛绒玩具让人联想到更简单、更快乐的时代，而不是不成熟的标志，毛绒玩具热潮可能只是突显了人类对舒适和快乐的普遍需求，无论年龄大小。1．根据上文“Itlookedlikeatypicalfishandchipshop.Chefstendedtofryingbasketsandwrappedordersinnewspaper.However,this“catchoftheday”wasentirelyinedible.TheLondonpopupshopbyJellycat,afamousplushtoybrand,soldsoftfishwithplushielemonsinsteadofrealseafood.(这家店乍看是一家典型的炸鱼薯条店。系围裙的厨师们忙着照看油炸篮和用报纸包裹的餐点。但这家位于伦敦百货公司塞尔福里奇的店铺有着别样的收获：顾客们争相抢购的是毛茸茸的鱼和柠檬玩具，而非真正的海鲜)”及下文“TikTokvideoswiththePlushiestag,showingdifferentkindsofstuffedtoyslikecartooncharactersandcreativeshapes,havebeenwatchedalmost8billiontimes.(带有Plushies标签的TikTok视频，展示了卡通人物和创意形状等不同种类的填充玩具，已经被浏览了近80亿次)”可知，此处应该解释上文的奇特现象，指出人们对毛绒玩具的追捧痴迷。由此可知，B.Theplayfulconceptmirroredaglobaltrend:theworldhasgonesoftforsofttoys.(这个好玩的概念反映了一种全球趋势：世界对毛绒玩具的喜爱程度越来越高)符合语境。故选B项。考点二：词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断解题策略1）代词英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these或those指代前句的复数名词。2）词汇复现/同义词/反义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。3）同一范畴词（上下义词）上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。【典例剖析】（2025·上海浦东新·二模）Youmayhaveboughtadrinkrecentlyandnoticedsomethingodd:theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottlebyasmallpieceofplastic.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter.Itspecificallytargetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles.1D．Bottlecapsarealsooneofthemostmonitemsconsumedbymarineanimals.E．Havingbottlecapsattachedcouldleadtohigherinstancesofplasticgoingtolandfill.F．Theyaremorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandposeriskstowildlife.【答案】1．F1．根据上文“Youmayhaveboughtadrinkrecentlyandnoticedsomethingodd:theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottlebyasmallpieceofplastic.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter.Itspecificallytargetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles.(你可能最近买了一杯饮料，发现了一些奇怪的事情：曾经可拆卸的瓶盖现在被一小块塑料绑在了瓶子上。这是旨在限制塑料垃圾数量的几项政策之一。它专门针对一次性塑料瓶的瓶盖)”及下一段首句“Plasticbottlecapsarenowamongthetoptenlitteritemsfoundinriversandtheocean.(塑料瓶盖现在是河流和海洋中十大垃圾之一)”可知，本段主要介绍了一项环保新措施，针对一次性塑料瓶的瓶盖在海洋和河流中泛滥成灾的现象。由此可知，F.Theyaremorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandposeriskstowildlife.(它们更有可能进入环境，对野生动物构成威胁)符合语境，其中they指代thecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles。故选F项。（2025年静安一模）Theingofanewyearmarksafreshstartandmotivatesmanypeopletobreakbadhabits.Someareeasiertoshakethanothers.However,thetendencytoprocrastinateisamongthestickiest.Whetherit’sfinishingapieceofwork,sendinganemailorgoingforarun,sometaskscanbeeunconquerable.Theeasiestwaytodealwiththesetasksistoputthemoffuntillaterorneveratall.It’sprocrastination.Itisaspecificformofdelaythatisbothunnecessaryandvoluntary.____47____Atitsheart,procrastinationisaboutavoidance.Ratherthanthetaskitself,it’softentheemotionsattachedtoanactivitythatcausepeopletopause.Handlingthefirstlinesofacollegeessaymaybringupfeelingsofselfdoubt,forexample.Whenyou’refacedwithabroadquestionortopictowriteabout,thelackofclearinstructionscanproduceafearofnotgettingitrightorofwhatmighthappenifyougetitwrong.A.Butthatdoesn’tmeanyou’restuckandthat’swhoyouare.B.Procrastinationbeesaneasyand‘dirty’wayofreactionwhenyourhandlingresourcesaremaxedout.C.Chancesarethatyouwillfindyourselfsupportedbyprocrastinationallalong.D.Itisn’tcausedbytheperson’sneedtoprioritizeothertasksorbyanunexpectedemergency.E.Youwillbeeincreasinglyfrustratedwithyourselffornotgettingthetaskdone.F.However,thethreatcanalsoefromsomethingtiny.【答案】47.D【47题详解】前文“It’sprocrastination.Itisaspecificformofdelaythatisbothunnecessaryandvoluntary.(这是拖延。这是一种既不必要又自愿的特殊延迟形式。)”引入拖延的话题，介绍其性质，后文“Atitsheart,procrastinationisaboutavoidance.Ratherthanthetaskitself,it’softentheemotionsattachedtoanactivitythatcausepeopletopause.(拖延的核心是逃避。导致人们暂停的往往不是任务本身，而是与活动相关的情绪。)”指出拖延是由逃避与任务相关的情绪导致的，因此D项“Itisn’tcausedbytheperson’sneedtoprioritizeothertasksorbyanunexpectedemergency.(它不是由人们需要优先处理其他任务或意外的紧急情况引起的。)”符合语境，指出拖延不是由什么原因导致的，承前启后，其中的It指代前文的procrastination。故选D。（2025年奉贤一模）RattingonCrimes___50___Theywillbearmedwithcustommadevests(马甲).Withtheirfrontpaws,theywillbeabletopullasmallballattachedtothechestoftheirvest,whichgivesoutabeepingsound.Thiswayratswillbeabletoalerthandlerswhentheydetectatarget.Oncefullytrainedandprepared,thesegiantratscouldbeeillegalhunters'worstenemy.A.Previously,they'vetrainedpacksofheroratstodetectdangerousbacteria.B.Thentheywereintroducedtomonscentsusedtomaskillegalwildlifetrade.C.Thiseffortaimstoprovidealowcostdetectionsystemtopreventillegalhunting.D.However,thereareconcernsthattheratsmightbedistractedbysomemonscents.E.Existingscreeningtoolsareexpensiveandtimeintensive,necessitatinganewapproach.F.Forthispurpose,thesetrainedratswillbeexpectedtoworkinlikelyhotspotsforillegalwildlifetrade.【答案50.F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员训练非洲老鼠识别濒危动物制品气味的相关研究，以及利用这些训练有素的老鼠来打击非法野生动物贸易。【50题详解】根据下文“Theywillbearmedwithcustommadevests(马甲).Withtheirfrontpaws,theywillbeabletopullasmallballattachedtothechestoftheirvest,whichgivesoutabeepingsound.Thiswayratswillbeabletoalerthandlerswhentheydetectatarget.Oncefullytrainedandprepared,thesegiantratscouldbeeillegalhunters'worstenemy.(他们将装备定制的背心。它们会用前爪拉一个小球，小球附着在背心的胸前，并发出哔哔声。这样，当老鼠发现目标时，它们就能提醒处理者。一旦经过充分训练和准备，这些巨型老鼠可能成为非法猎人最大的敌人)。”可知本段是关于老鼠工作的过程，所以F选项“为此目的，这些经过训练的老鼠将在非法野生动物贸易的热点地区工作。”符合题意，并且选项中的thispurpose呼应上文（上一段）的停止捕获、杀害和收获动植物的行为，故选F。考点三：逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断解题策略1）因果关系(Eg:Asaresult/thus/therefore/so(such)…)因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。2）转折关系(Eg:However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/inspiteof/onthecontrary/incontrastparison/otherwise/not...butparison/otherwise/not...but)转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。3）并列关系(Eg:first/second/third/tobeginwith/toconclude)并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。4）递进关系(Eg:also/furthermore/similarly/moreover/inaddition/what’smore）递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。5）例证关系(Eg:suchas/forexamples/Oneoftheexamplesis…)前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。【典例剖析】（2025·上海黄浦·二模）Absorbingyourselfinnatureisgoodforyou.Beingoutdoorshasbeenshowntoimproveyourmood,concentrationandmentalhealth,amongotherthings.1Getyourhandsinthesoil.Touchingsoil,evenifit’sinpotsbyyourwindow,mayimproveyourhealthaswell.Dirtcanbenefityourmicrobiome(菌群),withpossiblebenefitssuchasastrongerimmunesystem(免疫系统).2Sodon’tseeplantsassomethingtolookat;instead,reportplantswithyourglovesoff.A．Tendtoyourselfwhileyoutendyourplants.D．Viewingnatureindoorscanloweryourheartrateandbloodpressure.E．Researchsuggestsyoumaygetthesamereactionfromcaringforhouseplants.F．Butindoorgreenspaces,evensmallones,havebenefitsforourphysicalandmentalwellbeing,too.【答案】1．F2．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了室内植物对健康的益处。1．由上文“Absorbingyourselfinnatureisgoodforyou.Beingoutdoorshasbeenshowntoimproveyourmood,concentrationandmentalhealth,amongotherthings.(沉浸在大自然中对你有益。事实证明，户外活动可以改善你的情绪、注意力和心理健康等。)”可知，上文主要讲述了户外活动对人的好处，而文章的标题为“HouseplantsCanMakeYouHealthier(室内植物能让你更健康)”，本空应强调室内的绿色空间也有好处，与上文形成对比或补充。F选项“Butindoorgreenspaces,evensmallones,havebenefitsforourphysicalandmentalwellbeing,too.(但室内绿色空间，即使是很小的空间，对我们的身心健康也有好处。)”可知，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。2．由上文“Touchingsoil,evenifit’sinpotsbyyourwindow,mayimproveyourhealthaswell.Dirtcanbenefityourmicrobiome(菌群),withpossiblebenefitssuchasastrongerimmunesystem(免疫系统).(接触土壤，即使是你窗边花盆里的土壤，也可能改善你的健康。泥土对你的微生物群有益，可能带来诸如更强的免疫系统等好处。)”及下文“Sodon’tseeplantsassomethingtolookat;instead,reportplantswithyourglovesoff.(所以不要把植物仅仅看作是观赏的东西；相反，不戴手套去侍弄植物。)”可知，本空应进一步说明照顾室内植物也能带来类似的健康益处。E选项“Researchsuggestsyoumaygetthesamereactionfromcaringforhouseplants.(研究表明，照顾室内植物也可能会让你有同样的反应。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选E。（2024年浦东新区二模）ArecentstudylookedattheeffectoffearbasedstrategiesonBritishsecondaryschoolstudents.Asissooftenthecase,it’splicated.Theyfoundthatifatestisseenasimportant,andstudentsareoptimisticthattheycansucceed,thenthefearoffailurecanbeusedsuccessfullybyteacherstomotivatetheselearners.______48______Itcaninturnleadthemtodoworseonthetestthantheywouldhavedoneotherwise.Thestudyalsofoundthatifstudentsaredisengagedanddon’tcareaboutthetestinthefirstplace,then,unsurprisingly,thefearoffailureisnotlikelytomotivatethem.A.Nevertheless,confidenceplaysasignificantroleindeterminingtheeffectivenessoffearbasedmotivationstrategies.B.However,ifstudentsarenot

confident,thenfearbasedapproachescouldtriggerfeelingsofanxiety.C.Leaders,managers,andteachershaveoftenusedoneoftheseideastoinspirepeopletoworkharderandachievemore.D.Takentogether,thesestudiesshowthatfearbasedmotivationisplicated.E.Theymaybeinspiredtolearnnewthingsthatwillhelptheirbusinessorfindmentorswhocansupportthem.F.Butdoesthismotivateordiscouragebusinesspeople?Again,it’snotstraightforward.【答案】48.B【48题详解】前文“Theyfoundthatifatestisseenasimportant,andstudentsareoptimisticthattheycansucceed,thenthefearoffailurecanbeusedsuccessfullybyteacherstomotivatetheselearners.(他们发现，如果一项测试被视为重要的，并且学生对自己能够成功持乐观态度，那么老师可以成功地利用对失败的恐惧来激励这些学习者。)”讲述了在一项测试被认为非常重要且学生对该测试持乐观态度的情况下，老师可以有效利用对失败的恐惧来激励学生，后文“Itcaninturnleadthemtodoworseonthetestthantheywouldhavedoneotherwise.(这反过来会导致他们在测试中表现得比其他情况下更差。)”讲述了会导致学生表现差，由此可知，空处讲述的应是不能有效利用对失败的恐惧进行激励的情况，B项“然而，如果学生不自信，那么基于恐惧的方法可能会引发焦虑感。”符合题意，However表明前后之间为转折关系。故选B。（2025·上海崇明·二模）AboutoneinfourpeopleonEarthliveinanareasoclosetothemountainsordownhillthatextremerainandfloodingwouldhitthem,Ombadisaid.3HementionedCaliforniadepartmentofagricultureestimatesof$89mincropandfarmanimallossesfromthisyear’sextremerains.Butinthelongterm,anotherproblemiswatersupply.Intimesofdrought,watermanagersliketoke