《工业分析》课件-项目三：煤气质量分析（双语）

项目三：煤气质量分析任务一：气体样品采样方法气体样品采样工具与采样方法课程：工业分析中文Scenario3:QualityanalysisofcoalgasTask1:ThesamplingmethodofgassampleSamplingtoolsandmethodsforgassamplesCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish采样设备：4部分结构采样形式：4种采样形式采样方法：3种采样方法中文Samplingequipment:4-partstructureSamplingforms:4typesofsamplingformsSamplingmethods:3samplingmethodsEglish一、四部分结构中文一、4-partstructureSamplingtubeFilter→FilterwithglasswooltoremovemechanicalimpuritiesfromthegasCooler→Gasabove200°CneedstobecooledGascontainer->Collectrawsamples4-partstructureEglish二、4种采样形式中文二、Fourtypesofsamplingforms1.AverageSample

Samplingusingacertainsamplingdevicewithinacertaintimerange,oneproductioncycle,oroneproductioncycle

Agassamplethatcanrepresentaprocessorcycle;2.Regularsamplessamplescollectedatcertaintimeintervals3.Positioningsamplessamplescollectedfromdifferentpartsofproductionequipment;4.MixedsampleagassampleobtainedbymixingdifferentobjectsorthesameobjectatdifferenttimesEglish

三、3种采样方法中文三、ThreesamplingmethodsBasedonthedifferencebetweenthepressureandatmosphericpressureofthesampletobesampledSamplingmethodunderpositivepressureSamplingmethodunderatmosphericpressureSamplingmethodundernegativepressureEglish1、常压状态气体采样

气体状态：等于大气压或低正压或低负压采样方法：封闭液采样法、流水抽气法使用容器：采样瓶或采样管中文1、Samplingmethodunder

atmospheric

pressureGasstate:equaltoatmosphericpressureorlowpositivepressureorlownegativepressureSamplingmethods:closedliquidsamplingmethod,flowingwaterpumpingmethodUsingcontainers:samplingbottlesortubesEglish（1）采样瓶采样中文（1）Samplingwithasamplingbottlegas-samplebottleClosedliquidbottlerubbertube4

cockSpringclipDevicediagramofsamplingbottleFirstly,fillbottle2withsealingliquid→openspringclip5→raisebottle2→sealingliquidentersbottle1→exhaustairfrombottle1.Thenusetheplug4andrubbertube3→connecttothesamplingtube→lowerbottle2→gasentersbottle1→Totherequiredamount,closetheplug4andclampthespring5→CompletethesamplingworkEglish（2）采样管采样中文（2）Samplingwithasamplingtubecockcockgas-sampletubeClosedliquidbottleDevicediagramofsamplingtubeFirstly,fillbottle4withsealingliquid→opentherotaryplugs2and3andraisebottle4→thesealingliquidentersandfillstube1→exhausttheairintube1.Thenpassthroughtube1andtheplug,rubbertube→connecttothesamplingtube→lowerbottle4→gasentersthetubeuntiltheclosedliquiddropsbelowplug2→closeplugs2and3→completethesamplingwork.Eglish（3）流水抽气法采样（适用于低气压或负压不太高的负压状态气体）中文（3）Samplingusingflowingwaterpumpingmethod（Applicabletothecollectionofnegativepressuregaswithlowpressureorlownegativepressure）First,connectgassampletube1andrubbertube6tothesamplingtube→Connectvacuumpump4tothetapwaterheadthroughrubbertube5Thenturnonthetapandcock2,3→togeneratenegativepressureintheflowingvacuumpump→drawthegasintothegassampletube→afteracertainperiodoftime,closethetapandcock2,3→tocompletethesamplingworkcockrubbertubecockrubbertubeFlowingvacuumpumpgas-sampletubeDevicediagramofFlowingAirExtractionsamplingMethodEglish2.正压状态气体的采样特点：气体借助自己的正压进入气体采样容器。

注意事项：压力过大，应注意调整采样管旋塞，或者在采样装置与气体容器之间加装缓冲瓶。中文Features:Gasentersthegassamplingcontainerwithitsownpositivepressure.Attention:Ifthepressureistoohigh,attentionshouldbepaidtoadjustingthesamplingtubeplug,oraddingabufferbottlebetweenthesamplingdeviceandthegascontainer.2、SamplingmethodunderpositivepressureGasstate:Gaspressureismuchhigherthanatmosphericpressure;Samplingtools:samplingbottle,samplingtube,rubberbag.Eglish3.负压状态气体的采样气体状态：远低于大气压力的气体称负压气体采样方法：抽气泵减压法（负压不太高）抽空容器法（负压过高），抽空容器是0.5～3.0L容器，由优质厚壁的玻璃瓶或管瓶组成具有旋塞。中文3、SamplingmethodundernegativepressureGasstate:ThepressureofthegasismuchlowerthanatmosphericpressureSamplingmethod:flowingwaterpumpingmethod(withlownegativepressure)Vacuumcontainermethod(highnegativepressure):Thevacuumcontainerisa0.5-3.0Lcontainercomposedofhigh-qualitythickwalledglassbottlesortubebottles,witharotaryplug.Eglish负压状态气体的采样步骤：中文Samplingstepsforgasundernegativepressure:Beforesampling,useamechanicalvacuumpumptoremoveairfromthebottleortube→Thepressureinthebottleortubeshouldbereducedtobelow60-100mmHg→Closetherotaryplugandweighit;Whensampling,connectthevacuumcontainertothesamplingdevicethrougharubbertube→Thenopentheplug→Thegasissuckedintothecontainerduetonegativepressure→Closetheplug,weigh→TheweightofthegasisobtainedbymeasuringthedifferencebetweentwomeasurementsEglish项目三：煤气质量分析任务一：气体样品采样方法气体种类及体积测量方法课程：工业分析中文Scenario3:QualityanalysisofcoalgasTask1:ThesamplingmethodofgassampleTypesandvolumemeasurementmethodsofgasesCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish一、气体种类及分析意义1、工业气体共分四大类化工原料气气体燃料废气厂房空气中文一、Typesofgasesandtheiranalyticalsignificance1、IndustrialgasesaredividedintofourcategoriesChemicalfeedgasgaseousfuelexhaustgasPlantairEglish（1）天然气：煤或石油组成物的分解产物，主要是CH4（2）炼油气：CH4及其它低分子量的C、H化合物（油热处理产物）（3）焦炉煤气：主成分为H2

、CH4（4）水煤气：CO、H2（水蒸气和炽热的煤作用，得到半水煤气）（5）硫铁矿焙烧炉气：SO2（6-9%），用于制造硫酸（6）石灰焙烧窑气：CO2

（32-40%），用于制碱和制糖工业化工原料气是无机、有机合成的重要原料，主要有：中文(1)Naturalgas:Thedecompositionproductofcoalorpetroleumcomponents,mainlyCH4(2)Refinedgas:CH4andotherlowmolecularweightCandHcompounds(3)Cokeovengas:mainlycomposedofH2andCH4(4)Watercoalgas:CO,H2(watervaporreactswithhotcoaltoproducesemiwatercoalgas)(5)Pyriteroastingfurnacegas:SO2(6-9%),usedfortheproductionofsulfuricacid(6)Limecalcinationkilngas:CO2(32-40%),usedinalkaliandsugarindustriesChemicalfeedgasisanimportantrawmaterialforinorganicandorganicsynthesis,mainlyincluding:Eglish

上述天然气、炼油气、焦炉、煤气、水煤气及半水煤气等，除作为化工生产原料气体之外，也可作为气体燃料。气体燃料中文

Theabove-mentionednaturalgas,refininggas,cokeovengas,watercoalgas,andsemiwatercoalgascanalsobeusedasgasfuelsinadditiontobeingusedasrawmaterialsforchemicalproduction.gaseousfuelEglish废气：

燃烧炉的烟道气的组成为：N2、O2、CO2、CO、水蒸气及少量其它气体。硫酸、硝酸生产厂房排入大气的废气中含有少量的SO2和NO2。制碱厂排出废气中含少量CO2。

总之，有机化工的废气是各种各样的。中文exhaustgas：

ThecompositionofthefluegasinthecombustionfurnaceisN2,O2,CO2,CO,watervapor,andasmallamountofothergases.TheexhaustgasesdischargedfromsulfuricacidandnitricacidplantsintotheatmospherecontainsmallamountsofSO2andNO2.TheexhaustgasfromthealkaliplantcontainsasmallamountofCO2.

Inshort,theexhaustgasesfromorganicchemicalsarevarious.Eglish厂房空气：

生产设备漏气→生产厂房内空气含生产用气→危害健康→甚至燃烧爆炸。中文Plantair：

Leakageofproductionequipment→Airintheproductionplantcontainingproductiongas→Healthhazards→Evencombustionandexplosion.Eglish2、气体分析意义：

在工业生产中为了正常安全生产，对各种工业气体都经过分析，了解其组成。（1）化工原料气:分析正确配料；（2）中间产品气体分析生产是否正常；（3）（燃料燃烧后生成）烟道气分析:燃烧是否正常；（4）厂房空气分析:通风、设备漏气情况，有无有害气体是否危及生命及厂房安全。中文2、Thesignificanceofgasanalysis：Inindustrialproduction,inordertoensurenormalandsafeproduction,variousindustrial

gasesneedtobeanalyzedtounderstandtheircomposition.(1)Chemicalfeedgas:analyzethecorrectingredients;(2)Intermediateproductgas:analyzewhetherproductionisnormal;(3)Fluegas:analyzewhetherthecombustionisnormal;(4)Factoryair:analyzewhetherventilationandequipmentareleaking,whetherharmfulgasesaregenerated,andwhetheritendangerslifeandfactorysafety.Eglish二、气体分析的特点一般测定气体的V而不是质量m，并同时测定环境的T和P。中文二、haracteristicsofgasanalysisWhenmeasuringgascontent,theVofthegasisgenerallymeasuredinsteadofthemassm,andtheTandPoftheenvironmentarealsomeasuredsimultaneously.Characteristicsofgases:LowqualityHighliquidityVolume(V)changeswithtemperature(T)orpressure(P)Eglish三、气体体积测量方法1、量气管图量气管1，2，3-活塞，4-水准瓶144双臂式单臂式气体体积通过量气管臂上刻线读出。提高水准瓶，量气管中液面上升，排出气体，降低水准瓶，量气管中液面下降，吸入气体。吸入气体后将量气管液面与水准瓶液面相齐，读出气体体积。中文三、Measurementmethodforgasvolume1、Trachealmeasurementmethodeudiometer1，2，3-cock，4-levelingbottle144DoublearmtypeSinglearmtypeThevolumeofgasisreadoutthroughtheengravedlineonthemeasuringtubearm.Raisethelevelbottle,theliquidlevelinthemeasuringtubewillrise,andthegasinthemeasuringtubewillbedischarged;Loweringthelevelbottlewillcausetheliquidlevelinthemeasuringtubetodropandinhalegas.Afterinhalinggas,aligntheliquidlevelofthemeasuringtubewiththeliquidlevelofthelevelbottleandreadthegasvolume.Eglish2、气量表

当测量微量含量的气体时，气体取样量比较大，必须使大流量的气体通过吸收剂吸收后测定，就须使用气量表测量气体体积。气量表有：湿式气体流量计气体流速计转子流量计中文2、GasmetermeasurementmethodWhenmeasuringtraceamountsofgas,thegassamplingvolumeisrelativelylarge,andthehighflowrateofgasmustbeabsorbedbyanabsorbentbeforemeasurement.Atthistime,agasvolumemeterneedstobeusedtomeasurethegasvolume.Gasmetersinclude:WetgasflowmeterGasflowmeterRotaryflowmeterEglish中文Immersehalfoftherotatablerotorinwater.Theconversionisdividedintofourinflationchambers,whereairentersfromtheside,drivestheconversiontorotate,andisdischargedfromtheoutlet.Byrotatingitonce,thevolumeofthefourchamberswaspreciselymeasured.Thenumberofrevolutionsconvertedisthecumulativevolumeofgas.Eglish转子流量计1-锥管，2-转子，3-环隙当被测流体自锥管下端流入流量计时，由于流体的作用，转子上下端面产生一差压，该差压即为转子的上升力。当差压值大于浸在流体中转子的重量时，转子开始上升。随着转子的上升，转子最大外径与锥管之间的环形面积逐渐增大，流体的流速则相应下降，作用在转子上的上升力逐渐减小，直至上升力等于浸在流体中的转子的重量时，转子便稳定在某-高度上。这时转子在锥管中的高度与所通过的流量有对应的关系。中文Rotaryflowmeter1-conetube,2-rotor,3-ringgapWhenthemeasuredfluidflowsintotheflowmeterfromthelowerendoftheconicaltube,acertainpressuredifferenceisgeneratedontheupperandlowerendfacesoftherotorduetotheeffectofthefluid,whichistheliftingforceoftherotor.Whenthedifferentialpressurevalueisgreaterthantheweightoftherotorimmersedinthefluid,therotorbeginstorise.Astherotorrises,theannularareabetweenthemaximumouterdiameteroftherotorandtheconicaltubegraduallyincreases,andthefluidflowratedecreasesaccordingly.Theliftingforceactingontherotorgraduallydecreasesuntiltheliftingforceequalstheweightoftherotorimmersedinthefluid,andtherotorstabilizesatacertainheight.Atthispoint,theheightoftherotorintheconetubecorrespondstotheflowrateitpassesthrough.Eglish项目三：煤气质量分析任务二：化学法测定气体组分含量气体分析-化学燃烧法课程：工业分析中文Scenario3:QualityanalysisofcoalgasTask2:ChemicalanalysismethodsingasanalysisGasanalysis-chemicalcombustionmethodCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish包括：爆炸燃烧法缓燃法氧化铜燃烧法化学燃烧法是利用可燃烧性气体的性质进行测定的方法，特别适用于无适当吸收剂的化学性质比较稳定的气体。如：CH4无适当的吸收剂，H2、CO可用燃烧法也可以用吸收法。中文Including:ExplosivecombustionmethodSlowcombustionmethodCopperoxidecombustionmethod

Chemicalcombustionmethodisamethodofdetermininggascontentbyutilizingthecombustiblepropertiesofgases,especiallysuitableforgaseswithrelativelystablechemicalpropertieswithoutappropriateabsorbers.

Forexample,thereisnoappropriateabsorbentforCH4.

ThecombustionmethodcanbealsousedforH2andCO,andtheabsorptionmethodcanalsobeused.Eglish一、燃烧法原理根据可燃性气体燃烧后，其体积缩减V缩、消耗氧的体积VO2或生成CO2的体积VCO2与可燃性气体的体积V可燃的比例关系，由测得V缩、VO2或VCO2计算V可燃从而求得其含量。V可燃与V缩、VO2或VCO2有一定的比例关系，是计算的依据，也是燃烧法的主要理论依据。中文一、PrinciplesofcombustionmethodAfterthecombustionofcombustiblegases,thecontentofcombustiblegasiscalculatedbasedontheratioofitsvolumereduction(Vreduce),thevolumeofoxygenconsumed(VO2),orthevolumeofCO2generated(VCO2)tothevolumeofcombustiblegas(V).ThecombustiblegascontentisthencalculatedbymeasuringVreduce,VO2,orVCO2.ThereisacertainproportionalrelationshipbetweenVflammabilityandVreduce

,VO2orVCO2,whichisthebasisforcalculationandthemaintheoreticalbasisforcombustionmethods.Eglish例1以氢气燃烧为例找出比例关系：中文Example1:TakingH2combustionasanexampleCombustiblegasreducereduceAnswerEglish例2以甲烷燃烧为例中文Example2:TakingmethanecombustionasanexampleCombustiblegasAnswerreducereducereduceEglish例3以CO燃烧为例:中文Example3:TakingCOcombustionasanexampleCombustiblegasreducereduceAnswerEglish二、计算示例1、一元可燃性气体含量的测定（含一种可燃性气体）可用吸收法除去干扰组分（如O2，CO2等），再加入一定量的O2或空气，燃烧后根据体积的变化或生成CO2的体积，可计算可燃性气体含量。中文二、Calculationexample1、Determinationofsinglecombustiblegascontent(includingonecombustiblegas)Theabsorptionmethodcanbefirstlyusedtoremoveinterferingcomponents(suchasO2,CO2,etc.),andthenacertainamountofO2oraircanbeadded.Aftercombustion,thecombustiblegascontentcanbecalculatedbasedonthevolumechangeorthevolumeofCO2generated.Eglish例如：一混合气体有N2、O2、CO2、CO，取样50.00mL测CO，测CO时O2、CO2有干扰，吸收干扰物后再补充O2使混合气燃烧，测出生成CO2的体积VCO2=20.00mL，求混合气体中CO的含量？中文Forexample,ifamixedgascontainsN2,O2,CO2,andCO,asampleof50.00mListakentomeasureCO.DuringCOmeasurement,thereisinterferencefromO2andCO2.Afterabsorbingtheinterferingsubstances,O2isadded.ThemixedgasisburnedandthevolumeofCO2generatedismeasuredtobeVCO2=20.0mL.WhatisthecontentofCOinthemixedgas?AnswertotalEglish2、二元可燃性气体含量的测定（含两种可燃性气体）

先吸收除去干扰组分，通入空气或充分的O2燃烧后，测V缩、VO2、VCO2，列出相关的方程式求解。中文2、Determinationofbinarycombustiblegascontent(includingtwotypesofcombustiblegases)

Firstly,removetheinterferingcomponents,introduceairorsufficientO2forcombustion,thenmeasureVreduce,VO2,andVCO2,andlisttherelevantequationsforsolution.Eglish二元可燃烧气体含量测定表中文中文ThecontentdeterminationtableofbinarycombustiblegasgasChemicalreactionformulaSimultaneousequation(Choosetwoofthem)SolvingasystemofequationsCH4andCOCH4andH2reducereducereduce_reducereducereducereducebuildasystemofequationsbuildasystemofequationsEglish

例1：CH4、CO和N2的混合气20.00mL，加一定量过量的O2，燃烧后体积缩减21.00mL，生成CO218.00mL，计算各种成分的含量？中文

Example1:Thereisamixtureof20.00

mLcontainingCH4,CO,andN2.AfteraddingacertainamountofexcessO2forcombustion,thevolumeisreducedby21.00

mLand18.00

mLofCO2

isgenerated.Pleasecalculatethecontentofeachcomponent?Solution:ThereactionequationisEglish中文obtainSolvingasystemofsimultaneousequationsyieldsthereforereduceEglish例2：含CH4、H2和N2的混合气20.00mL。精确加入空气80.00mL。燃烧后用KOH溶液吸收生成的CO2，剩余气体的体积为68.00mL，再用没食子酸的碱溶液吸收剩余的O2后，体积为66.28mL。计算混合气体中CH4、H2和N2的体积含量？中文Example2:Thereisamixedgascontaining20.00mLofCH4,H2,andN2.Accuratelyadd80.00mLofair,burnit,andthenabsorbthegeneratedCO2withKOHsolution.Theremainingvolumeofgasis68.00mL.AfterabsorbingtheremainingO2withanalkalinesolutionofgallicacid,thegasvolumeis66.28mL.PleasecalculatethevolumecontentofCH4,H2,andN2inthemixedgas?

AnswerEglish（1）求消耗O2的体积：燃烧前准确加入80.00mL空气，空气中含O220.90％，所以加入的O2的体积是：中文（1）CalculatethevolumeofO2consumed:Accuratelyadd80.00mLofairbeforecombustion,whichcontains20.90%O2.Therefore,thevolumeofO2addedis:O2measuredbyabsorptionmethodaftercombustionTherefore,theamountofO2consumedisTheamountofO2consumedduringH2andCH4

combustionisEglish（2）再求

燃烧后除去CO2后剩余体积为68.00mL，所以燃烧中的总体积缩减与生成CO2的总体积的和共为100-68.00=32.00mL。中文（2）Recalculate

AfterremovingCO2aftercombustion,theremainingvolumeis68.00mL,sothetotalvolumereductionduringcombustionandthetotalvolumeofCO2generatedaddupto100-68.00=32.00mL.reducereduceTherefore:Eglish

解（1）（2）联立方程得到：中文

Solvingthesimultaneousequations(1)and(2)yields：Therefore:Eglish三、燃烧法分类1、爆燃法（爆炸燃烧法）

可燃气体与空气或氧气混合，其比例能使可燃气体完全燃烧且在爆炸极限内的方法。特点：所需时间最少即快速，爆炸极限在工业生产防火防爆工作中具有极重要的意义。中文三、Classificationofcombustionmethods1.Explosivecombustionmethod

Explosivecombustionmethodisamethodinwhichcombustiblegasesaremixedwithairoroxygeninaratiothatcancompletelyburnthecombustiblegaswithintheexplosionlimit.

Features:Itrequirestheleastamountoftimeandburnsquickly.Theexplosionlimitisofgreatsignificanceinindustrialproductionfireandexplosionpreventionwork.Eglish2、缓燃法(缓慢燃烧法，铂丝燃烧法)

可燃气体与空气或氧气混合，且浓度控制在爆炸极限以下（使燃烧反应安全进行；氧气充足），使之经过炽热的铂质螺丝而引起缓慢燃烧。特点：需时太长。适合于可燃性组分浓度较低的混合气体或空气中可燃物的测定。中文

2.Slowcombustionmethod(platinumwirecombustionmethod)

Combustiblegasesaremixedwithairoroxygen,andtheirconcentrationiscontrolledbelowtheexplosionlimit(toensuresafecombustionreactions;sufficientoxygen),causingslowcombustionthroughhotplatinumscrews.

Feature:Ittakestoolong.Thismethodissuitableforthedeterminationofcombustiblesinmixedgasesorairwithlowconcentrationsofcombustiblecomponents.Eglish

3、氧化铜燃烧法

利用氧化铜在高温下的氧化活性，使可燃性气体缓慢燃烧。特点：不要加入燃烧所需氧气，所用的氧气由氧化铜还原得出。CuO使用后，可在400℃通入空气使之氧化即可再用。优点：因不通入氧气，可减少一次体积测量而减少误差，并且测量后的计算也因不加入氧气而简化。中文

3.Copperoxidecombustionmethod

Copperoxidecombustionmethodisamethodofslowlyburningcombustiblegasesbyutilizingtheoxidationactivityofcopperoxideathightemperatures.

Features:Donotaddoxygenrequiredforcombustion,theoxygenusedisobtainedbyreducingcopperoxide.Afteruse,CuOcanbeoxidizedandreusedbyintroducingairat400℃.

Advantages:Duetotheabsenceofoxygen,itcanreduceonevolumemeasurementandreduceerrors,andthecalculationaftermeasurementisalsosimplifiedduetotheabsenceofoxygen.Eglish氧化铜燃烧法的反应方程式：中文Thereactionequationforcopperoxidecombustionmethod:Eglish项目三：煤气质量分析任务二：化学法测定气体组分含量气体分析-化学吸收法课程：工业分析中文Scenario3:QualityanalysisofcoalgasTask2:ChemicalanalysismethodsingasanalysisGasanalysis-chemicalabsorptionmethodCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish吸收法燃烧法常用化学分析法中文AbsorptionmethodCombustion

methodCommonchemicalanalysismethodsEglish常用于简单气体混合物的分析包括：气体吸收体积法气体吸收滴定法气体吸收称量法气体吸收比色法中文ChemicalanalysisiscommonlyusedfortheanalysisofsimplegasmixturesIncluding:GasabsorptionvolumemethodGasabsorptiontitrationmethodGasabsorptionweighingmethodGasabsorptioncolorimetricmethodEglish1、原理

利用气体的化学特性，使混合气和特定试剂接触，混合气体中的被测组分与试剂发生化学反应被定量吸收，其它组成则不发生反应（或不干扰）。如果吸收前后的温度及压力一致，则吸收前后的气体体积之差即为被测组分的体积。一、吸收体积法（或气体容量法）中文1.MeasurementprincipleContactthemixedgaswithspecificreagents,andthetestedcomponentsinthemixedgasreactchemicallywiththereagentstobequantitativelyabsorbedintheabsorbent,whileothercomponentsdonotreact(orinterfere).Ifthetemperatureandpressurebeforeandafterabsorptionareconsistent,thedifferenceingasvolumebeforeandafterabsorptionisthevolumeofthemeasuredcomponent.一、Absorptionvolumemethod(orgasvolumemethod)Eglish根据吸收前后体积之差=被测组分体积计算出被测组分体积比（V/V）的分数中文Calculatethefractionofthevolumeratio(V/V)ofthemeasuredcomponentbasedonthedifferenceinvolumebeforeandafterabsorption,whichisequaltothevolumeofthemeasuredcomponentMixedgasinstrument(specificreagent)absorptionreactionbetweenthetestedsubstanceandthereagentgenerateVolumedifferencedeterminepromotionLiquidandsolidsamplestransformgasSpecificreagentsabsorptionMeasurevolumedifferenceEglish例如：钢铁样中C的测定：中文Forexample：DeterminationofCinSteelSamples：mixedgasKOH(specificreagents)NotabsorbedsolidInjectMeasurevolumedifferenceEglish2、气体吸收剂及吸收顺序用来吸收气体的试剂称作气体吸收剂中文2、GasabsorbentandabsorptionsequenceThereagentsusedtoabsorbgasesarecalledgasabsorbersThetypesofgasabsorbentsinclude:Solidstate:suchassolidspongepalladium,whichisagoodadsorbentforH2Liquidstate:suchasKOHsolution,whichisagoodadsorbentforCOEglish以煤气为例讲解气体的吸收剂及吸收顺序，其中煤气的组成成分为：中文Takegasasanexampletoexplaintheabsorbentandabsorptionsequenceofgas,inwhichthecompositionofgasis:MaincomponentsofcoalgasUnsaturatedhydrocarbonsAlkenes(ethylene,propylene,butene)Alkynes(acetylene)BenzeneandtolueneCombustionNotabsorbed,unabletoburnEglish煤气中各种成分的吸附剂及吸附顺序表中文TableofadsorbentsandadsorptionsequenceforvariouscomponentsincoalgascomponentadsorbentreactionsequenceSaturatedbrominewaterConcentratedsulfuricacid,Ag2SO4orHgSO4ascatalystsAlkalinesolutionofpyrogallicacidEglish中文Na2S2O4AmmoniasolutionofcuprouschlorideCombustionmethodmeasurementSpongelikepalladium(Absorption)UsuallyusingcombustionmethodrestVreduceVreduceVtotal-VotherEglish1、原理：综合使用吸附法和容量滴定法。

2、方法实质：吸附剂吸附被测组分（混合气体），然后用标准滴定法滴定。3、存在的两种反应是：吸收反应和滴定反应。二、吸收滴定法（吸附容量法）中文1.Principle:Comprehensiveuseofadsorptionmethodandvolumetrictitrationmethod.2.Methodessence:Theadsorbentadsorbsthetestedcomponent(mixedgas)andthentitratesitusingstandardtitrationmethod.3.Therearetwotypesofreactions:absorptionreactionandtitrationreaction.二、Absorptiontitrationmethod(adsorptioncapacitymethod)example：SteelsamplespassingthroughH2O2solutiondetermineEglish原理：选择合适吸收剂吸收气体，根据吸收前后吸收剂的质量变化计算出被吸收气体质量。三、吸收称量法中文Principle:Selectasuitableabsorbenttoabsorbthegas,andcalculatethemassoftheabsorbedgasbasedonthechangesinthemassoftheabsorbentbeforeandafterabsorption.三、Absorptionweighingmethodexample：OrganiccompoundsBurninginoxygenabsorbedwithalkaliasbestosAbsorbedwithmagnesiumperchlorateThencalculatethecontentofCandHbasedontheincreasedweightoftheadsorbent.Eglish四、吸收比色法原理：选择合适吸收剂吸收气体，吸收气体后吸收剂颜色产生变化，其颜色深浅与被吸收气体含量成正比，通过测量颜色深浅而得出被测气体含量。中文四、AbsorptioncolorimetricmethodPrinciple:Selectasuitableabsorbenttoabsorbthegas.Afterabsorbingthegas,thecoloroftheabsorbentchanges,anditscolordepthisdirectlyproportionaltothecontentoftheabsorbedgas.Themeasuredgascontentisobtainedbymeasuringthecolordepth.example：DeterminationofacetylenepurplishredEglish项目三：煤气质量分析任务三：煤气质量分析奥氏气体分析仪分析煤气含量课程：工业分析中文Scenario3:QualityanalysisofcoalgasTask3:QualityanalysisofcoalgasContentdeterminingofcoalgasusinganAustengasanalyzerCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish

一、奥氏气体分析仪用吸收剂1、氢氧化钾溶液（33％）

1份质量的氢氧化钾溶解于2份质量的蒸馏水中。2、焦性没食子酸的碱性溶液称取5克焦性没食子酸，溶解于15mL水中。另称取40克氢氧化钾溶解于32mL水中。临使用时混合两种溶液于吸收瓶中。3、氯化亚铜的氨性溶液称取250克氯化铵溶解于750mL水中，加200克氯化亚铜，溶解后，迅速转移于预先装有铜丝的试剂瓶中至几乎充满。用橡皮塞塞紧(溶液应无色)。临使用前，加入密度为0.9g/mL的氨水，其量是2体积的氨水与1体积的亚铜盐混合。中文

一、AbsorbentsforAustengasanalyzers1.Potassiumhydroxidesolution(33%)

Dissolve1partofpotassiumhydroxidein2partsofdistilledwater.2.Alkalinesolutionofpyrogallicacid

Weigh5gramsofpyrogallicacidanddissolveitin15mLofwater.Dissolve40gramsofpotassiumhydroxidein32mLofwater.Mixtwosolutionsinanabsorptionbottlebeforeuse.3.Ammoniabasedsolutionofcuprouschloride

Weigh250gramsofammoniumchlorideanddissolveitin750mLofwater,add200gramsofcuprouschloride,dissolveit,andquicklytransferittoareagentbottleprefilledwithcopperwireuntilalmostfull.Usearubberstoppertoplugtightly(thesolutionshouldbecolorless).Beforeuse,addammoniasolutionwithadensityof0.9g/mL,whichisamixtureof2volumesofammoniasolutionand1volumeofcuproussalt.Eglish4、硫酸银的硫酸溶液称取4克硫酸银溶解于65mL水中，在不断搅拌下，缓缓加入浓硫酸400mL。5、封闭液量气管的封闭液，可以用水、酸或盐的水溶液、甘油或汞。封闭液不得吸收被测定的气体。一般分析可以使用盐的饱和溶液(例如含1％盐酸的氯化钠饱和溶液；含2％硫酸的硫酸钠饱和溶液)。尽管气体在盐的饱和溶液中的溶解度很小。但是，为了进一步阻止气体溶解。在使用之前，仍必须用待分析的气体饱和。封闭液中还应加少量酸碱指示剂(例如甲基红)使溶液呈红色，以便于观察并可借以及时发现碱性吸收剂的倒流事故。中文4.Sulfuricacidsolutionofsilversulfate

Weigh4gramsofsilversulfateanddissolveitin65mLofwater.Slowlyadd400mLofconcentratedsulfuricacidwhilestirringcontinuously.5.Sealingliquid

Sealingsolution,whichcanbewater,acidorsaltaqueoussolution,glycerolormercury,shallnotabsorbthegasbeingmeasured.

Ingeneralanalysis,thesealingsolutioncanbeasaturatedsolutionofsalt(suchasasaturatedsolutionofsodiumchloridecontaining1%hydrochloricacidorasaturatedsolutionofsodiumsulfatecontaining2%sulfuricacid).Althoughthesolubilityofgasinsaturatedsaltsolutionsisverylow.However,inordertofurtherpreventgasdissolution.Beforeuseitisstillnecessarytouseagasanalyzedtosaturatesealingliquid.Asmallamountofacid-baseindicator(suchasmethylred)shouldalsobeaddedtothesealingsolutiontomakethesolutionturnred,soastofacilitateobservationandtimelydetectionofalkalineabsorbentbackflowaccidents.Eglish

二、测定步骤（1）用少量气样置换量气管三次；（2）准确取100.0毫升的气样分别用KOH、焦钾、氯化亚铜的氨溶液吸收，记录吸收后的体积为V1、V2、V3；（3）从V3中取出25.0毫升的气样，用空气稀释后，排入爆炸瓶进行爆炸燃烧后，记录燃烧后气体的体积为V4。中文

二、Measurementsteps(1)Replacethemeasuringtracheathreetimeswithasmallamountofgassample;(2)Accuratelytake100.0millilitersofgassamplesandabsorbthemwithammoniasolutionsofKOH,potassiumpyrogallicacid,andcuprouschloride.RecordtheabsorbedvolumesasV1,V2,andV3;(3)Take25.0millilitersofgassamplefromV3,diluteitwithair,anddischargeitintoanexplosionbottleforexplosivecombustion.Recordthevolumeofgasafter