Unit2BridgingCulturesDiscoveringusefulstructures教学设计-高中英语人教版选择性

TeachingandLearningDesign选择性必修Book2Unit2BridgingCultures教学设计Period4Teachingandlearningcontents:LearningAboutLanguage—Discoveringusefulstructuresprehensiveteachingandlearningobjectives:Bytheendofthisperiod,thestudentswillhavebeenableto:1)Reviseandlearnabouthowtoidentifyandtheanalysetheusagesofnounclauses;2)Practiseusingnounclausescorrectlyincontexttopletethegrammarexercises.Teachingandlearningimportantpoints:1)Revisingandlearningabouthowtoidentifyandtheanalysetheusagesofnounclauses;2)Practisingusingnounclausescorrectlyincontext.Teachingandlearningdifficultpoints:1)Revisingandlearningabouthowtoidentifyandtheanalysetheusagesofnounclauses;2)Practisingusingnounclausescorrectlyincontext.Teachingandlearningprocedure:Step1LeadinginandrevisionActivity1Leadinginandrevision1.Leadintheteachingandlearningtopicbyintroducingthelearningobjectivesofthisperiod.2.Revisewhathavebeenlearnedaboutnounclauses.(Includingfunctions,categories—subjectclause,objectclause,predictiveclause,appositiveclause,thestructures,andsoon.)Step2DiscoveringusefulstructuresActivity2Discoveringtheusagesofnounclauses1.Studythesentencesbelowandmarkthenounclauses,andthenidentifythefunctionofeachnounclauseinthesentences.1)WhatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormaltoXieLei.(usedasthesubjectofthemainclause)2)WhatsurprisedXieLeiwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.(usedasthesubjectandpredicativeofthemainclause)3)It’simportantthatXieLeikeepsabalancebetweenherstudiesandhersociallife.(usedasthesubjectofthemainclause)Step3LearningaboutthestructuresActivity3Learningaboutthestructures—nounclauses(GetthestudentstoreadthegrammarexplanationsinRBorAppendixbythemselvesandpletetheexercisesinRBinadvance.)I.名词性从句的功能、分类和引导词(Function,categoriesandconjunctionsofnounclauses)1.名词性从句在句子中的作用相当于名词，主要有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。2.名词性从句常用的引导词如下：连词：that,whether，if连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever连接副词：when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however=2\*ROMANII主语从句(Subjectclause)主语从句就是在复合句中起主语作用的从句。1.that引导的主语从句(1)that在主语从句中不充当成分，也没有含义，但通常不能省略。e.g.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.(that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当成分，且无意义)他们从来没有想到她会给他们带来物质利益。(2)that从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。常用it作形式主语代替that从句的句型有以下几种：①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，wonderful，likely，possible，certain，etc.)＋that...e.g.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.你很可能希望有志愿者帮助组织的活动。(it为形式主语，that引导主语从句)②It＋be＋名词(词组)(nowonder，thecase，anhonour，apity，agoodthing，nosurprise，afact，ashame，etc.)＋that...e.g.Itisnowonderthatitranksastheworld’smostbodyconsciouscountry.难怪它被列为世界上最具身体意识的国家。(it为形式主语，that引导主语从句)③It＋be＋过去分词(said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，etc.)＋that...e.g.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.(it为形式主语，that引导主语从句)据推测，志愿者的角色是其个人身份的重要组成部分的那些人也最有可能继续从事志愿者工作。2.whether/if引导的主语从句whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句可以位于复合句的句首，也可位于句尾；而if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面用it作形式主语。e.g.Whetherthosepeoplewouldturnintocustomerswasanotherquestion.这些人是否会成为客户是另一个问题。(whether引导主语从句，在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”)Itwasnotcertainwhether/ifhepassedtheexam.他是否通过了考试还不确定。(it为形式主语，whether/if引导主语从句)注意：whether与if引导主语从句：(1)置于句首时，只能用whether；与or或ornot连用时，只能用whether。(2)it充当形式主语的句型中，whether与if可以互换。3.连接代词引导的主语从句连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。e.g.Whatangeredmemostwashistotallackofregret.最使我生气的是他居然毫无悔意。(what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语)Whathesayssuggeststhathecareslittleaboutothers’painortrouble,evenifthey’rehisfriends.他说的话表明，他很少关心别人的痛苦或麻烦，即使他们是他的朋友。(what引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语)Whichplanisbettershouldbediscussed.应该讨论哪一个计划更好。(which引导主语从句，which在从句中作定语修饰plan)4.连接副词引导的主语从句连接副词引导主语从句时，在句中既是连接词，又在从句中作状语。where在主语从句中作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语，how作方式状语。连接副词引导的主语从句，也常用it作形式主语。e.g.WhereLiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.中国的伟大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。(where引导主语从句，且在从句中作地点状语)ExactlywhenthepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但可能是在1565年左右。(when引导主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语)It’sastonishinghowbeautifulthingssoundwhenyoucanreallylisten.令人惊讶的是，当你真正能倾听的时候，事物听起来多么美妙。(it为形式主语，how引导主语从句)注意：(1)从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述语序。(2)主谓一致：单个从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式；但当what引导主语从句时，若主句的表语为复数形式，主句的谓语动词通常也用复数形式。e.g.Whatreallymattersiswhetheritesfromyourinnerheart.真正重要的是它是否来自你的内心。(what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语；陈述语序)Whatinterestsmemostareliterarybooks,especiallythosebyfamouswriters.我最感兴趣的是文学书籍，尤其是那些著名作家的作品。(what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语；主句谓语动词的形式取决于表语)Whattheyneedispatience.他们需要的是耐心。(what引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语；主句谓语动词的形式取决于表语)=3\*ROMANIII宾语从句1.作及物动词和介词的宾语e.g.Ifweagree(that)thefunctionofeducationistoprepareusforlife,thenthereisverylittletimetowaste.如果我们同意教育的功能是为我们的生活做好准备，那么就没有什么时间可以浪费了。(that在引导宾语从句时不充当任何成分，也没有含义，且通常可以省略)Thewayweholdourheadscanindicatetootherswhether/ifwearehappyorsad.我们抱头的方式可以向别人表明我们是高兴还是悲伤。(whether/if引导宾语从句，不充当成分，意为“是否”)Iwilldowhat/whateverIcan(do)tohelphim.我会尽我所能去帮助他。(what/whatever引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语)Sheaskedmewhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass.她问我谁的书法是班上最好的。(whose引导宾语从句，且在从句中作定语，修饰handwriting)Thequestionofwhetherleadersshouldapologizepubliclyhasneverbeenmoreurgent.领导是否应该公开道歉的问题从未如此紧迫。(whether引导宾语从句，不充当成分，意为“是否”)Itdependsonhowwesolvetheproblem.这取决于我们如何解决这个问题。(how引导宾语从句，且在从句中作方式状语)2.it作形式宾语常见结构有：(1)find，consider，think，feel，believe，make＋it＋adj./n.＋宾语从句；(2)enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，seeto，insiston，dependon，relyon＋it＋宾语从句。e.g.IhavemadeitclearthatIwillnotacceptthisjob.我已经表明我不会接受这份工作。WefinditnecessarythatwepractisespokenEnglisheveryday.我们发现每天练习英语口语是有必要的。Ihateitwhenpeopleaskmeformoney.我不喜欢别人向我要钱。Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldconsidermyapplication.如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。3.在“主语(人)＋be＋形容词(表示“相信、推测、怀疑、判断、盼望、认识到”等意义)＋that...”结构中，that从句为宾语从句。这类形容词常见的有：sure，certain，confident，afraid，anxious，eager，aware等。e.g.Iwascertainthatlovewasquiteenoughtoconquerourdifference.我确信爱足以消除我们的分歧。4.宾语从句的特殊用法(1)当and连接两个或者两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个宾语从句可省略that，后面的宾语从句中的that不能省略。e.g.Hetoldme(that)hehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.他告诉我他有两个儿子，他们都去上大学了。(2)在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。这类动词有：一坚持(insist)；二命令(order，mand)；三要求(demand，require，request)；四建议(suggest，propose，advise，remend)等。e.g.Thus,Papainsistedthatwe(should)learnatleastonenewthingeachday.因此，爸爸坚持我们每天至少学习一件新事物。(从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclists(should)beaskedtorideontheirownlanes.卡罗尔•哈维建议应该要求骑车人在自己的车道上骑车。(从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)(3)whether/if引导宾语从句作及物动词的宾语时，whether与if可互换；作介词宾语、与or或ornot连用时，只用whether不用if。e.g.Shecaughtherselfwonderingwhether/ifshehadmadeamistake.她发觉自己在怀疑是否犯了错误。I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.我正在考虑我们是否应该去看电影。Ican’tsaywhetherornottheycanetomorrow.我不敢说他们明天是否能来。=4\*ROMANIV表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。(用法详解见Unit1)e.g.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址弄丢了。Iwasveryangry.Thatwasbecausehedidn’te.我很生气，那是因为他没来。(强调原因)Hedidn’te.ThatwaswhyIwasveryangry.他没来，那就是为什么我很生气。(强调结果)ThereasonwhyIwasveryangrywasthathedidn’te.我很生气的原因是他没来。Thequestioniswhetherhecanmakeit.问题是他能否成功。=5\*ROMANV同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。1.常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice建议；conclusion结论；demand要求；doubt怀疑；fact事实；hope希望；idea主意；information信息；message消息；news消息；order命令；possibility可能性；promise诺言；question问题；request请求；suggestion建议；thought想法；plan计划e.g.Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear，myfirstyearinhighschool，wouldbedifferent.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。Isthereanypossibilitythatyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?你有可能到机场接我吗？2.引导同位语从句的连接词有：that，whether，what，who，how，where，when，why等。e.g.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudythatchildren’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.通过多年的研究发现：有证据表明，孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。Sheaskedaquestionwhytherewasadelay.她问了发生延误的原因。Ihavenoideawhenhewillebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回家。Thequestionwhoshoulddothejobrequiresconsideration.谁应该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：(1)从意义上看，同位语从句是对一个名词的具体内容加以解释说明；定语从句是对名词进行修饰限定。(2)从结构上看，that引导同位语从句时，不作成分；that引导定语从句时作成分。e.g.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwon.(同位语从句)Hetoldmethenewsthatwasannouncedyesterday.(定语从句)Step4UsingthestructuresActivity4Usingthestructures(exercisesinthetextbook)1.bineeachpairofsentencesusingthewordsinbrackets.Andthenlearnaboutthenewwords.Answers:1)WhattheadvisortalkedaboutmaintainingreasonableexpectationswhenstudyingabroadwasquitehelpfultoMay.2)ThatstudentshavetowritecountlessresearchpapersaspartoftheircourseworkwasnotsomethingthatChenHaowasreadyfor.3)Thequestioniswhowillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjobatthelawfirm.4)Anadvantageofstudyingabroadisthatexposuretoanothercultureanditspeoplecangiveexchangestudentsgreatinsightsintotheworld.5)ItimpressedLiuYangthatschoolsintheStatesarequitemulticultural,withstudentsandteachersfrommanydifferentethnicbackgrounds.6)HerconfusioniswhethersheshouldsticktoherownwayoflifeorfollowtheAmericanway.Newwords:1)expectationn.期望；预期；期待expectv.预料；期望liveupto/meetone’sexpectation(s)不负某人的期望beyond(one’s)expectation(s)出乎(某人的)意料sb./sth.sb./sth.)todosth期待(某人/物)做某事expect＋(that)从句期望……e.g.Ibelieveinthenearfuture,wewillliveupto/meetyourexpectations.我相信在不久的将来，我们将不辜负您的期望。Althoughwedidn’twanttosleepinthetent,wehadtoagreewithMom’sideabecauseweallexpectedtogocampinginnature.Ilookforwardtotheupingclassandexpectthatwecanallimproveouroralskillstogether.我期待着即将到来的课程，并期望我们能一起提高我们的口语技能。2)applicantn.申请人applyvi.申请vt.运用；适用于；涂；敷apply(tosb.)forsth(向某人)申请某物applytodosth.申请做某事applyAtoB把A应用于/涂抹于Bsb./sth.sb./sth.适用于某人/某物applyoneselfto(doing)sth专注于(做)某事；集中精力于(做)某事applicationn.申请；申请表；申请书；运用；使用fillin/outanapplication填写申请表e.g.Youshouldapplyinperson/byletter.你应该当面/写信申请。Theymayapplytojointheorganization.他们可以申请加入该组织。Thenewtechnologywasappliedtofarming.这项新技术已应用于农业。Fulldetailswillbesenttoyouonceyourapplicationhasbeenaccepted.一旦您的申请被接受，我们将向您发送完整的详细信息。Equallyimportantly,Ipreviouslyservedasavolunteerseveraltimes,whichisalsoanadvantageoverotherapplicants.同样重要的是，我之前做过几次志愿者，这也是我相对于其他申请者的一个优势。3)firmn.商号；公司adj.坚固的；稳固的；强有力的；坚定的；忠实的e.g.Thefirm’semployeeswereexpectinglargebonuses.这家公司的雇员期待着发放大笔奖金。firmbeliefs/conclusions/convictions/principles坚定不移的信仰；定论；坚定的信念/原则Sheisafirmfavouritewiththechildren.孩子们着实喜欢她。Wehavenofirmevidencetosupportthecase.我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。ThisbookwillgiveyourstudentsafirmgraspofEnglishgrammar.这本书将使学生牢固地掌握英语语法。4)exposuren.接触；体验；暴露；揭露exposevt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……体验……beexposedto暴露于；接触e.g.Heexposedhissharpteeth,glaringatusasheranforward.他(北极熊)露出锋利的牙齿，向前跑时瞪着我们。WhenyouetoChina,youcanbeexposedtotheChineselanguageandtheChineseculture.当你来到中国，你可以接触到中文和中国文化。Shewasexposedasaliar.她被揭露为骗子。Bothteachersandstudentsexpecttohavemoreexposuretoelegantartinthefuture.教师和学生都希望在未来有更多接触高雅艺术的机会。5)insightn.洞察力；领悟；了解e.g.Withaflashofinsight,Irealizedwhatthedreammeant.我突然明白了这个梦意味着什么。ThebookgivesusfascinatinginsightsintolifeinMexico.这本书生动地表现了墨西哥的生活。6)departuren.离开，启程；离开的飞机（或火车等）；离职；违背departvi.vt.离开，出发；去世；离职e.g.FlightsforRomedepartfromTerminal3.飞往罗马的班机从3号航站楼出发。Shewaiteduntilthelastoftheguestshaddeparted.她一直等到最后一个客人离开。ThetraindepartedAmritsarat6.15p.m.火车在下午6点15分离开了阿姆利则。HedepartedhisjobonDecember16.他于12月16日离职。Hissuddendeparturethrewtheofficeintochaos.他的突然离去使这个部门陷入一片混乱。Flightsshouldbeconfirmed48hoursbeforedeparture.航班应在起飞前48小时予以确认。2.pletethepassagewithA–Dfromthebox.ReadthepassagetoreconstructthetextandthenthinkaboutwhatotherthingsmightattractinternationalstudentstoChina.Answers:CDBAWhatotherthingsdoyouthinkmightattractinternationalstudentstoChina?Suggestedanswer:TherearemanyotherthingsthatmayattractinternationalstudentstoetoChinatostudy.Forexample,manywillbeinterestedinlearningmoreabouttraditionalChinesemedicineandhowitcanbebeneficialtopeopletoday,experiencingthetechnologyboomthereandallthefastandconvenientwaysviaappsonyoursmartphone,seeingimportanthistoricalmonumentssuchastheGreatWallandtheTerracottaWarriorsMuseum.3.TaketurnstotalkaboutXieLei’sexperiencebypletingthefollowingsentenceswithyourownwords.Suggestedanswers:1)ThatpeopleinLondonspeakfastanduseunfamiliarwordsmadeXieLeiconfusedatfirst.2)ItsurprisedXieLeithatherhostfamilyaresokeentolearnaboutChina.3)WhatXieLei’stutorwantedtosaywasthatshemustacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas.4)ThemotivationforXieLeitostudyabroadwasthatshewantedtolearnaboutglobalbusinessandimproveherEnglishsothatshecouldset