太极英语 课件 U17 Bailianjiao and Dangtoupao

太极英语Unit17BailianjiaoandDangtoupao1.ExplainthemeaningofBailianjiaoandDangtoupao.2.IllustratethetwoformsinEnglish.3.LearnaboutChinesecalligraphy.LearningObjectives1.解释“摆莲脚”和“当头炮”的意思。2.用英语讲解这两个招式。3.了解中国书法。Directions:Readthefollowingdialogueandmakeyourowninpairs.BehindtheTaiChiFormsA:Black,whichtwoformsarewegoingtolearntoday?B:BailianjiaoandDangtoupao.A:WhyisitcalledBailianjiao?B:Dunno.Butasitsnamesuggests,itmaybetoswinglotus1-likefeet.A:Lotusfeet?Thereissuchanidiomasthree-inchgoldlotuses2inChinese.太极拳招式的背后甲：布莱克，今天我们打算学习哪两招呢？乙：摆莲脚和当头炮。甲：为什么叫摆莲脚呢？乙：不知道。但是顾名思义，可能是要像莲花一样摆脚的动作吧。甲：莲花脚？汉语中倒是有这么个说法，叫“三寸金莲”。B:Whatarethethree-inchgoldlotuses?A:It’sjustadescriptionofthesmallfeetofwomen.ThereinChinesehistorywasaperiodwhenminiature3feetwereregardedasatypeofbeautyshowingfemininity4.Forthis,womenhadtobindtheirfeet.乙：什么是三寸金莲？甲：就是个形容女子的小脚的说法。中国历史上有一段时间，小脚被视为一种展现女性气质的美。为此，女人不得不裹脚。B:YoumeanthereissomeconnectionbetweenTaiChiandwomen’stinyfeet.A:I’mnotsure.ButIhavesomehowcometokindofunderstandBailianjiao.B:Tellme,please.A:TaiChicannotgowithoutmovement.Itmustmeanthatthemovementoftheswayingfootislikealotusinblossom5intheair.乙：你是说太极拳和女子的小脚有关系了。甲：这我不清楚。但是我有点明白摆莲脚的意思了。乙：说来听听。甲：太极拳离不开招式动作。它一定是说空中摆脚的动作如同莲花开放一样。B:Thatistosay,theformaimsatsomegracefulandhandsomepostureintheair.A:Besides,theChinesepeoplehaveasacredpreferenceforthelotus.ZhouDunyihadaphilosophicalproseofOdetotheLotus6,whichpraiseditsvirtueofbeingcleanthoughoutofdirtymud.Inthislight,Bailianjiaoismoreofanoutstandingairthanjustaphysicalposture.乙：也就是说，这招追求的是在空中展现出一种刚柔并济的姿态。甲：不仅如此，中国人对莲花情有独钟。周敦颐有一篇哲理散文《爱莲说》，赞誉的就是莲花“出淤泥而不染”的品格。如此说来，摆莲脚不仅是一个肢体动作，更透着一种超凡的气韵。B:Incredible,buddy.Howyou’vegotsomuchjustfromasinglename!A:Taijicultureisextensiveandprofound.TaiChistandsforthisculture.Personally,itisagoodapproachtoTaijiculturetounderstandthenamesofitsforms.B:Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore.CouldyoupleaseexplaintheDangtoupao,please?乙：难以置信，老兄！你居然能从一个名字里想到这么多。甲：太极文化，博大精深。太极拳代表的就是这种文化。我个人以为，通过理解招数名字来探究太极文化是个好方法。乙：完全同意。你能说说“当头炮”是什么意思吗？A:Robinsaidthat“dangtou”isfromadialect;itmeanstherightfrontinMandarin.B:Iknowthecharacter“pao”,meaningcannon.Thus,Dangtoupaomeansasoundattacktotherightfrontoftheattacker.A:Goodpoint.ButRobinthinks“pao”meansfirecrackers.B:Butcannonismuchmorepowerfulthanfirecrackers.甲：罗宾说过，“当头”是方言，在普通话中是正前方的意思。乙：我认识“炮”这个字，意思是火炮。这么说来，当头炮就是给对方以迎头痛击了。甲：说得好。不过，罗宾认为“炮”的意思是鞭炮。乙：可是火炮远比鞭炮威力大啊！A:Firecrackershavealonghistoryandplayaroleindrivingawayevilandescapingfrombadluckandharm.YouknowChinesepeoplebegintheirNewYearwithfirecrackers,aimingtodriveawaytheMonsterNian7forself-protection.B:Youmeanthatfirecrackersareforself-defence,whilecannonsareforinvasion.甲：鞭炮历史悠久，而且具有驱邪避恶的作用。你知道中国人的新年始于鞭炮声，目的是赶走年兽，求己平安。乙：你是说，鞭炮是用来防身的，火炮是用来进攻的。A:AlthoughIdidn’tmeanthat,yourcommentisratherreasonable.Dangtoupaoistoexertincomparable8power,itsaim,however,liesintheprinciplethatharmonyenjoyspriority.B:Then,howdowesayitinEnglish,FirecrackerorCannonintheRightFront?A:Itdepends.ItisFirecrackersintheRightFrontinthetextbook.B:Whyfirecrackers,notfirecracker?甲：虽然我没这么想，但是你的总结倒是挺有道理。当头炮虽然能释放出惊人的力量，然而其目的还是“和为贵”啊。乙：那这个招式用英语怎么说呢？FirecrackerintheRightFront还是CannonintheRightFront呢？甲：那要看情况。不过教材上是FirecrackersintheRightFront。乙：为什么是firecrackers而不是firecracker呢？A:Yes,what’sthequestion?Coulditbesaidthat...B:Well,let’sgotoRobininaminute.I’mmoreinterestedinotherforms’names,throughwhichwecanlearnmoreaboutTaiChiculture.A:Really?Tellmethenamesofyourinterests,please.B:Yes.IdowonderaboutthestoriesofXiabukuahu,BaiheLiangchi,andJingangDaodui.甲：就是，问题出在哪儿呢？难道……乙：算了，还是待会儿问罗宾吧。我现在对其他招式的名称更感兴趣，我们可以从中了解更多太极拳文化。甲：真感兴趣？请给我说说你感兴趣的名字吧。乙：真感兴趣。我很想知道下步跨虎、白鹤亮翅和金刚捣碓的故事。A:Doyouknowwhat’sbehindTaiChi?B:It’stheYin-Yangtheory.A:It’sjustone.TaiChiisthefruitofvariousChinesecultures,fromwhichcomemanyofthenamesofitsforms.B:Couldyoutellme,please?A:Seriously?B:Sincerelyeagerforyourreadingmeariddle.甲：你知道太极拳背后是什么吗？乙：阴阳理论啊。甲：那只是其中之一。太极拳是中国各种文化的结晶，其中很多招式的名称都来自这些文化。乙：能否说来听听？甲：真想听？乙：还望指点迷津。A:Somehowmodest.LikeaChinese.ButIgiveyoutwooptions,oneistoconsulttheAItosearchforthemandtheotherisforustogoandaskRobintogether.B:Farwaterdoesnousetoafireathand.Let’sgotoRobin.甲：谦虚了，像个中国人。不过我可以给你两个选择：一是求教人工智能，搜索它们，二是咱俩一起去问罗宾。乙：远水救不了近火。咱们去问罗宾吧。ReadTable13anddoTasksA,B,CandD.TaskA:Pairwork—basicunderstanding1.WhatisBailianjiaoinEnglish?2.HowmanyactionsarethereinBailianjiao?Whatarethey?3.WhatisDangtoupaoinEnglish?4.HowmanyactionsarethereinDangtoupao?Whatarethey?TaskB:Groupwork—Brainstorming1.Howtosmack1thefootinstepwhenthepalmsarestrokingdownwardinAction1ofBailianjiao?2.WhichfootdoesitmeanbythefootpointingtothegroundinAction2ofBailianjiao?3.IstherightpalmortheleftpalmleadingtheotherwhenstrokingdownwardinAction1ofDangtoupao?4.Dothefistsreachtheattackerspontaneouslyorsuccessively2inAction2ofDangtoupao?Table13:BanlianjiaoandDangtoupao23.Bailianjiao(LotusFoot)Action1:Shiftthecenterofgravityleftward,andmeanwhile,strokeandpressbothpalmsdownward;thenwithdrawtherightfootintoanemptystance(Fig.23-1-1).Swingtherightleginasectorial3arcfromfronttoback,duringwhichthepalmsalternately4smacktheinstep5oftherightfoot(Fig.23-1-2).Notes:1)Pressthepalmstowaistlevel.Whenintheemptystep,therightkneepointsleftforward.2)Thefan-shapedswayisclockwise,whilethefootslap6istotheopposite.3)Duringtheinstepslap,exertpowersharply,withclearforcepointsandnoupwardbodylift.ChineseEnglish23.摆莲脚动作一：左移重心，同时双手下捋按掌，然后收右脚成虚步（图例23-1-1）。右腿由前向后做扇形摆动，双掌依次拍击右脚面（图例23-1-2）。注：1）双掌按至腰平。虚步时，右膝指向左前方。2）扇形摆动呈顺时针，而拍脚方向相反。3）拍脚背时，发力干脆，力点清晰，身体不可上拔。Action2:Landtherightfootintoanemptystance;bendthekneesslightlyandpeng(wardoff)bothpalmsforward,theeyeslookingaheadhorizontally(Fig.23-2).Notes:Whenwardingoffthepalmsoutward,drawinthechestandrelaxthelowerback,roundthearms,andsinktheQitotheDantianAcupoint,maintainingtheintegrityofthewhole-bodyforce.ChineseEnglish动作二：右脚落地成虚步，膝微屈，双掌前掤，双眼平视前方（图例23-2）。注：双掌外掤时，含胸塌腰，双臂撑圆，气沉丹田，周身合劲。Chinese24.Dangtoupao(FirecrackersintheRightFront)Action1:Bendthekneeandretreattherightstep;relaxthehipandshifttheweightrightward,andmeanwhilestrokebothhandsdownwardandchangethemintofistsinfrontoftheabdomen(Fig.24-1).Action2:Rotatethearmsandbendtheelbows;shifttheweightleftwardandshakeoutthefiststotheleft,therightfistheartdownwardandtheleftfistheartupward（Fig.24-2）.Notes：1)Rotatethearmsasthetorsoturnsrightwardalittle.Shakethefistsasthetorsoturnsleftwardalittle.2)Raisethecrownenergy,straightenthelumbar7spinevertically,andwhengeneratingtheshakingenergyortheleaningenergy,maintainthecoordinationbetweentheupperandlowerbody.English24.当头炮动作一：屈膝，退右步；松胯，右移重心，同时双手下捋，腹前握拳（图例24-1）。动作二：旋臂屈肘；左移重心，双拳向左侧抖出，右拳心向下，左拳心向上（图例24-2）。注：1）旋臂时身体微右转。抖拳时身体微左转。2）顶劲领起，腰脊竖直，发抖劲、靠劲时，周身上下相合。ChineseTaskC:Groupwork—explorethefollowingquestions1.WhyisitcalledBailianjiao?2.Whatistheuseoftheform?3.WhyisitnamedDangtoupao?4.Howtomakeuseoftheform?TaskD:Classwork1.It’ssuggestedtodividetheclassintotwogroups.OnegroupdoesBailianjiao(LotusFoot)andtheothermakesDangtoupao(FirecrackersintheRightFront).Whenastudentisperformingtheform,otherstudentsshouldtrytomakeuseofbriefEnglishtodescribetheactionsinvolved.2.Pickoutoneortwogroupstomaketheperformanceinpublicasthemodel.Theteacherissuggestedtocorrectthestudents’Englishdescriptions.Bearinmindthatanyencouragementiswelcome.Step1:Workinagroupofthreeorfour.Readthepassageandcompletethefollowingquestionswiththegivenexpressions.1.What/youknow/theancientFourGreatArts?2.What/thetraditionalFourTreasuresoftheStudy?3.It/easy/practicecalligraphy?Why?4.What/calligraphymean/theminds/theancientChinesescholars?5.Howmanystyles/Chinesecalligraphy/youknow?What/they?6.What/youknow/thefamousChinesecalligraphers?7.Who/WangXizhi?How/helearn/calligraphy?8.Why/TangTaizongpreferWangXizhi’scalligraphy?9....(morequestionsareencouraged)ChineseCalligraphy

OftheFourGreatArts1inancienttimes,ChinesecalligraphyisanecessaryskilltobeobtainedbyanyChinesescholar2.Foraperfectpracticeofthisart,theancientChinesepeoplecreatedthecommonlycalled“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”,namely,brush,ink,paperandinkslab.Tosomedegree,itissafetosaythatCalligraphyisworthyofthenominationasanationaltreasure.ChineseEnglish中国书法在古代“四大艺术”之中，中国书法是中国文人必备的技能。为了完美地练习这项艺术，古代的中国人创造了人们通常所说的“文房四宝”，即，笔、墨、纸、砚。在某种程度上，可以肯定地说，书法被评为民族的瑰宝是当之无愧的。

Itisnoteasytopracticecalligraphyormakeanintegrativeuseofthefourbasictools.Firstly,youneedacarefulselectionoforagoodpreparationforeachofthem,makingsurethatthebrushisneithersoftnorhard,thattheinkisgroundblackwithluster3,thepaperissmoothwithflexibility,andtheinkslabmirrorstheink’stint.Alloftheseneedtimeandmoney.

Secondly,onceyouchargethebrushwithfluidink,youhavealimitedtimeinwhichtowriteontheproperpaper.Anyhesitationorstagnation4maybringforthablackmarkthatdoesharmtothecomingartwork.Obviously,speed,strengthandagilityareallneeded.ChineseEnglish习练书法或者综合运用这四种基本书写工具并不容易。首先，你需要细心挑选或者妥善准备每一样工具，确保毛笔不软不硬，墨汁磨得黑中透亮，纸张要光滑有韧性，砚台要能映衬出墨汁的光泽。所有这一切都需要时间和金钱。其次，一旦毛笔蘸满墨汁，你就要在有限时间内在专用纸上挥毫。任何犹豫或停滞都可能留下黑斑，破坏即将问世的艺术作品。显而易见，速度、力量和敏捷性就是所需要的一切。

Thirdly,whattowritedeservesacarefulthought.Generally,somefineorinspiredlineswillcometotheattentionoftheChinesescholars,whichcanrelievetheirstressorinspiretheirminds.

Toalargeextent,thosecalligraphers5shouldforgetalloftheirworriesandjoysiftheywanttomakeagoodpieceofhandwritingwork.Languageisameansofcommunication,butcalligraphyismorethanthat.Forthosewhoaredevotedtocalligraphy,thepracticeprocessisalsoanaturaljourneythathelpstoshapegoodcharacterandcultivatenoblesentiments.ChineseEnglish第三，对于要写的内容也需要细细斟酌。一般来说，一些构思精巧、富有灵感的美文会引起中国文人的关注。这会缓解他们的压力或者启发他们的心智。在很大程度上，那些书法家要是想创造一幅优秀的书法作品，应当忘掉自己的欢乐和忧愁。语言是交流的工具，而与此相比，书法更甚。对于潜心研究书法的人来说，练习过程也是一种塑造良好秉性、陶冶高尚情操的自然历程。

Ancientpeoplepaidmuchattentiontocalligraphy.Infeudalsocieties,atesteecouldshowhisliterarytalentintheImperialExamination.Theemperorcouldnotavoidthefirst-impressioninfluencefromthetesteewhopossessedtheskillofcalligraphy.Agoodpieceofcalligraphicworkwasnotonlypopularwithcommonpeoplebutalsoinvaluable6tosomeemperors.IntheTangDynasty,calligraphywasevertestedasacriterion7forassigningpostsinthecivilservice.ItwassaidthatinordertogettheoriginalversionofPrefacetotheOrchidPavilionCollection8,WangXizhi’smasterpiece,EmperorTaizongobtaineditbycheatingtheholderoftheauthenticwork.Theemperortreasureditsomuchthathebroughtittohisgrave,perhapsforapeacefulsleepwithit.ChineseEnglish古人非常注重书法。在封建社会，赴试之人能够以此在科举考试中展示其文学才华。皇帝也避免不了受到第一印象的影响，更加青睐掌握书法技能的应试者。一幅好的书法作品不仅会受到百姓的欢迎，就是在某些皇帝那里也是无价之宝。在唐朝，书法曾被用作一种封官授爵的标准来考试。据说，为了得到王羲之的代表作《兰亭集序》的原版，太宗皇帝利用欺骗的伎俩从真迹的拥有者那里将其搞到了手。这位皇帝对这幅作品珍爱至极，甚至把它带进了坟墓，或许与之相伴可以安枕无忧吧。

OfChinesecalligraphy,therearedistinctstylistictraditions.TheearlieststyleofcalligraphyiswidelyconsideredSealScript(Zhuanshu),whichenjoyedanofficialstatusthroughLiSi’sreformsduringQin(221BC~207BC)scriptunification,whentheChancellorstandardizedcharactersintorectangular9form,stressingbeinghorizontalandvertical,balanced,andtightatthetopbutlooseatthebottom.Theywereofteninscribedonimperialsealsandbronzevessels,encodingstatepowerineverybrushstroke.ChineseEnglish在中国书法当中，有着独特的风格传统。最早的书法风格被广泛认为是篆书，在秦朝（公元前221~公元前207年）文字统一时期，通过李斯改革，篆书获得了官方地位，这位丞相将汉字标准化为长方形，强调横平竖直、平衡对称、上紧下松。篆书经常被刻于帝王印玺和青铜礼器之上，每一笔都象征着国家的权力。

ThesecondtypeofcalligraphyisClericalScript(Lishu),developedfromtheSealScriptinQinandblossomedintoartisticsummit10duringtheEasternHan(25CE~220CE).Therefore,therearedistinctionsbetweenQinclericalscriptandHanclericalscript.Thescriptappearedmuchneateranddelicate,turningtheroundstyleintoaflatone,beinghorizontallylengthenedandverticallycompressed,andcharacterizedbythreebendsinasinglestrokeandsilkworm-headbeginningsandswallow-tailterminations.ChineseEnglish第二种书法是隶书，由秦朝的篆书发展而来，并在东汉时期（公元25~220年）达到艺术巅峰。故而有秦隶、汉隶之分。这种书法显得更加整洁细腻，变圆为平，横长竖短，有一波三折、蚕头燕尾的特点。

OriginatingfromtheHanClericalScript,RegularScript(Kaishu)emergedduringtheLaterHanperiod,whichremainsoneofthemostinfluentialcalligraphicstylestothisday.RegularScriptfeaturesregularityandvariesfromtheflatClericalScripttoformsquarecharacters.CiHaidescribesitas“ascriptofsquareshapeandstraightstrokes,servingasamodel”.

Furthermore,thereareangularandshape-edgedWeibeiSteleScript(Weishu),unbridledanddynamicCursiveScript(Caoshu),andrhythmicandfluidRunningScript(Xingshu)bridgingregularandcursiveforms.Noneofthemisnotaseminal11chapterincalligraphicevolution.ChineseEnglish楷书起源于汉隶书，出现于后汉时期，至今仍是最具影响力的书法形式之一。楷书强调规整性，把扁平的隶书变化成了方块字形。《辞海》形容它“形体方正，笔画平直，可作楷模”。此外，还有棱角分明的魏书、奔放灵动的草书，以及介乎楷草之间韵律流畅的行书。它们无一不是书法演变史上的重要篇章。

Therehavebeenmanyfamouscalligraphicmastersinhistory,likeWeiShuo,afemalecalligrapherfamousforWeibeiScript,ZhongYaoforRegularScript,ZhangZhiforCursiveScript,andsoon.ButitwastheSageofCalligraphy,WangXizhithatledtheartofcalligraphytoitssummit.

Wangwasborninawell-knownfamilyofcalligraphy.HebeganlearningcalligraphyfromWeiShuoattheageofseven.Thenheobtainedmuchlearningfromtheaforementionedmasters.Accordingtolegend,whereverhewent,hewouldfindoutthepreviousstylesofcalligraphyandcopythem.Whereverhewasathome,therewerealwaysthe“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”,well-preparedforhiswritingcompositions.Wheneverhehituponaright-structuredcharacter,hewouldwriteitdownimmediately.Eventually,heformedhisownstyle.Hiscalligraphywasdescribedas“floatingasflyingcloudsand