2025届高考英语一轮复习时态、语态、主谓一致 课件

时态、语态、主谓一致谓语动词的五种基本形式（以do为例）1.动词原形2.动词的第三人称单数形式3.动词的过去式形式4.动词的现在分词形式5.动词的过去分词形式dodoesdiddoingdone动词的时态=时间+状态动词时间：现在；过去；将来；过去将来动词状态：一般态；进行态；完成态；完成进行态现在将来过去过去将来进行态完成态完成进行态一般态4种时间×4种状态＝16种时态现在的4种时态过去的4种时态将来的4种时态过去将来的4种时态16种时态图示汇总Part1一般时态

[系统归纳]1．一般现在时(1)形式：do/does(2)用法：表示现在的经常性、习惯性动作或存在的状态(3)时间状语：always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually等一般现在时要点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。

Timeandtidewaitfornoman.

岁月不待人。

Theearthrevolvesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。

Thehumanbodycontainsabout60%water.

人体含有大约60%的水。(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。

Icefeelscoldandbecarefulnottotouchit.

Theseorangestastegoodandsellinthemarket.

Theyalwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see,

hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,

like,hate,want,think,

belongto,seem等。Smithownsacar,buthelikesgoingtoworkbybike.

AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。(主将从现)

I’llwritealettertoherwhenIhavetime.

Ifyouacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如come,

go,

leave,arrive,fly,

return,start,begin,

open,close,

end,

stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。

ThestudentsareleavingforShanghaionSunday.

Theflighttakesoffat8:50andwillarriveinBeijingat11:30.

Theshopopensat8:00a.m.andclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.

TomorrowisThursday.2．一般过去时(1)形式：did(2)用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。一般过去时只强调过去(3)时间状语：yesterday,theotherday,lastweek,thedaybeforeyesterday等一般过去时要点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。

Wemetherinthestreetyesterday.

Whenhewasyoung,hetookcoldbathsregularly.

Ididn’texpecttoseeyoustudyingatthelibrary.(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。

Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.3．一般将来时(1)形式：①will/shall＋动词原形；②am/is/aregoingto＋动词原形(2)用法：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态(3)时间状语：tomorrow,nextyear,in＋一段时间等4．过去将来时(1)形式：①should/would＋动词原形；②was/were(going/about)to＋动词原形(2)用法：表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态[注意]其他表示“将来”的结构及用法①“begoingto＋动词原形”表示按计划打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生某事。②“beto＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，也可表示禁止、命令、注定发生、应该做的事等。③“beaboutto＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的时间状语连用。

[即学即练]1．ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety_______(address)theopeningceremonylastweek.解析：addressed

陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。Part1一般时态2．Hequickly

(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.

解析：threw

and连接并列谓语，根据“started”可知，此处应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去式为threw。

3．AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand

(sell)mostoftheirfurniture.

解析：sold这里描述的是过去发生的事情，且由and连接并列谓语可知，应用一般过去时。[系统归纳]时态谓语形式用法现在进行时am/is/aredoing①说话时正在发生的事②现阶段正在发生的事③与always等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气过去进行时was/weredoing①过去某一阶段正在发生的事②过去某一时候正在发生的事Part2进行时态将来进行时will/shallbedoing将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作

现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还将继续下去续表现在进行时要点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；go,come等表示位置移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always,

often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或表达某种感情色彩。Look,thetrainisjustgettingintothestation.Theriverisflowingafterlastnight’srain.

IammeetingMr.SmithZhangtonight.

WeareleavingforBeijingonFriday.

Thegirlisalwaystalkingwhilehavingameal.(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,

want,

mind,

wish,(dis)agree,

mean,

need,doubt,prefer,realize,appreciate,recognize,remember,suppose,understand,astonish,deny,impress,please,satisfy等。②表示存在状态的动词：be,appear,concern,consist,contain,depend,deserve,exist,

lie,

remain,

seem,

belongto等。③表示行为结果的动词：allow,accept,permit,

promise,

admit,complete等。④表示感官的动词：see(看见),hear(听见),feel(感觉出),taste(尝出),smell(闻到),notice(注意),

observe(观察),

look(看起来)等。（3）现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go，come，leave，stay，start，arrive，land，meet，move，return，stay，stop，do等。“Themomentiscomingsoon，”hethoughttohimself，waitingnervously.“这一刻就要来了，”他心里想，紧张地等待着。将来进行时要点分析将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。如：atthistimetomorrow，thedayaftertomorrow，from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow？明天这个时候你将在干什么？Part2进行时态

[即学即练]1．Henry

(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.

解析：wasfixing此处是句型was/weredoingsth.when...(正在做某事，这时……)。主语是Henry，故填wasfixing。2．Currently,about35,000works

(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.

解析：arebeingdisplayed根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。[系统归纳]时态现在完成时过去完成时谓语形式have/hasdonehaddone用法①到现在为止已发生或完成且对现在有影响

②从过去某一时刻一直延续到现在③用于特定句型中，如Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)timethat+主语+现在完成时①到过去某一时刻之前已完成，即过去的过去，常和bytheendof搭配②从过去某一时刻一直延续到另一个过去时间Part3完成时态时间状语already,just,yet,lately,recently,inthelast/pastfewdays/months/years,uptonow,tillnow,sofar，“since＋时间点”，“for＋时间段”等before,bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime等续表过去完成时要点分析常用过去完成时的几种情况①在by,

bytheendof,

bythetime,until,

before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。

Bytheendoflastyear,wehadremembered2,000words.

Thetrainhadjustleftbeforewereachedtherailwaystation.②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had

hoped

/

planned

/

meant

/

intended

/

thought

/

wanted

/

expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped

/

planned

...

+

tohavedone。

Wehadplannedtofinishtheworkinadvance,butwewereheldupbyaheavytrafficjam.③“时间名词+before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。

Hetoldmethathisfatherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.

He

leftschoolfiveyearsago.④在hardly/scarcely...when...,

nosooner...than...句式中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly,scarcely,

nosooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。She

hadhardlyhadtimetositandhavearestwhenthephonerangagain.

=Hardlyhadshehadtimetositandhavearestwhenthephonerangagain.常用于过去完成时的固定句型：1.在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意思为“一……就……”。HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.我一到家就开始下雨。2.Itwas＋一段时间＋since从句。since从句用过去完成时。ItwasatleastthreemonthssinceIhadleftBeijing.我离开北京至少有三个月了。3.Itwasthefirst/second/...time＋(that)从句。从句用过去完成时。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadchattedonlineinEnglish.这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。4.Bythetime...起连词的功能，引导从句，(表示过去时间的句子)＋主句(过去完成时)。Bythetimehewasten,Tomhadbuiltachemistrylabhimself.到十岁的时候，汤姆已经自己建了一个化学实验室。Part3完成时态

[即学即练]1．Inthelastfiveyears,Cao

(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa'shighestmountain.

解析：haswalked分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据空前的时间状语“Inthelastfiveyears”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语Cao表示单数意义，与walk之间为主动关系，故填haswalked。2．OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—__________

(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.

解析：havepromised根据时间状语从句“sincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago”可知，此处应用现在完成时，又主语表示复数意义，故填havepromised。3．Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,

(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.

解析：hasproved/hasproven根据后面的时间状语“sinceitopenedtothepublic”可知，此处要用现在完成时。故填hasproved/hasproven。4．Byabout6000BC,people

(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.

解析：haddiscovered根据时间状语“Byabout6000BC(到大约公元前6000年为止)”可知，空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时，表示到过去某个时间为止已经完成或发生的动作。

[系统归纳]

现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone进行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone

Part4被动语态

完成式have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone1．各种时态的被动语态的构成动词被动语态的核心要点动词的被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语中也用“get/

become+过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。

Myparentsgavemeabeautifulgiftonmybirthday.

→

A

beautifulgiftwasgiventome(bymyparents)onmybirthday.

→

Iwasgivena

beautifulgift(bymyparents)onmybirthday.(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。

Thebossmadehimworkfor14hoursaday.

→

Hewasmadetowork

for14hoursaday(bytheboss).(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Shetookgoodcareofthechildreninthekindergarten.

→Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher)inthekindergarten.

Youshouldpayattentiontoyourwritingandspelling.

→Yourwritingandspellingskillshouldbepaidattentionto.(4)情态动词，begoingto,

beto,

besureto,

haveto等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。Theycanrepairthe

machineintwodays.

→

The

machine

canberepairedintwodays.(5)当句子的谓语为say,believe,

expect,think,know,

consider,

report等时，被动语态有两种形式：①谓语动词用被动语态，后跟动词不定式。②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。

Peoplesay(that)Henryisadiligentboy.

→

Henryissaidtobeadiligentboy.

→

ItissaidthatHenryisadiligentboy.FewpeopleknowMarieCuriewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.

→

MarieCuriewasknowntobealsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.

→

ItisknownthatMarieCuriewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.类似句型有：Itissaid

/

known

/

suggested

/

believed

/

hoped

/

thoughtthat...2.不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto等。(2)表示状态的谓语动词及系动词，如：last,

hold,

contain,

fit,

cost,appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。(3)表示归属的动词，如：have,

own,

belongto等。(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish,

want,

hope,like,love,hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。3.主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况：①表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read,write,sell,wash,clean,cook,catch,draw,cut,photograph,peel等，常与well,badly,easily,smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。②系动词appear,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。③open,close,lock,move,keep等动词常与won't,can't,wouldn't,hardly,scarcely等连用，及表示“开始”“结束”的动词，如：begin,start,finish,end等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。4.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况：

beseated坐着；

behidden躲藏；

belost迷路；

bedrunk喝醉；

bedressed穿着Part4被动语态

[即学即练]1．Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP

(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems...”

解析：isdesigned句子的主语TheGPNP表示单数意义，其与提示动词design之间是动宾关系；且由上文可知，此句在陈述事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。2．Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike—frequentlybyplane—

(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.

解析：isviewed/hasbeenviewed空处为句子的谓语部分，句子主语为动名词短语“Travellingto...andthelike”，谓语动词应用单数，与view为被动关系；再结合语境可知，此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的对现在造成影响的动作，故填isviewed/hasbeenviewed。3．It

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored．

解析：wasbuilt句子主语It与动词build之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；根据语境和句意可知，城墙是在过去修建的，故要用一般过去时的被动语态。[系统归纳]1．语法一致(1)主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。(2)“manya＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。(3)由and或both...and...连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Part5主谓一致Manyaparentwasforcedtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.(4)主语后接with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,except,but,besides,aswellas,including,nolessthan等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。(5)one,everyone,eachone,each...and...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(6)不定代词either,neither和由every-，some-，no-，any-等构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(none后的谓语动词根据情况可用单数，也可用复数)I,togetherwithmymother,likeplayingfootball.2．意义一致(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念(and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。(2)family,class,group,team,company等集体名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。Herteacherandherfriends

are

onholiday.

她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。Thepoetandwriterhas

producedmanyworks.

这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.

这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。Theclassare

doingexperiments.

全班学生都在做实验。(3)police(警察)，people等形式上是单数，但通常被用作复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。(4)blind,old,young,poor,rich等形容词与the连用，表示一类人，在意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。(5)news,maths,physics,politics(政治)等词的形式是以-s结尾，但意义上是单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。(6)表示时间、距离、重量、金钱的名词作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。(7)“the＋姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“某夫妇/一家人”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Threethousandmilesis

alongdistance.

三千英里是一段很长的距离。3．就近一致(1)therebe句型或herebe句型中有并列主语时，谓语动词be在数上与最近的主语保持一致。(2)由either...or(或者……或者)，neither...nor(既不……也不，两者都不)，notonly...butalso(不但……而且),or(或者),whether...or(是……还是),not...but(不是……而是)等连接的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与最近的主语保持一致。Part5主谓一致

[即学即练]1．Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat

(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareas...

解析：were

此处关系代词that引导定语从句，that在定语从句中作主语，指代先行词areas，填空处在从句中作谓语，因为that指代复数名词，所以谓语用复数形式，根据“previously(以前)”可知用一般过去时。2．Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit

(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.

解析：was从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式toputallthoserocksintoplace，再根据时间状语“then”可知，设空处需填was。3．Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain

(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.解析：was此处是在讲1985年至2017年间城市中人们的BMI值增加的情况，是描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；主语thegain为单数，故填was。[思维构建]动词的时态和语态的形式一般态进行态完成态完成进行态现在主动do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing被动am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone/过去主动didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing被动was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone/动词的时态和语态的形式一般态进行态完成态完成进行态将来主动shall/willdoshall/willbedoingshall/willhavedoneshall/willhavebeendoing被动shall/willbedoneshall/willbebeingdoneshall/willhavebeendone/过去将来主动shoulddoshould/wouldbedoingshould/wouldhavedoneshould/wouldhavebeendoing被动should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldbebeingdoneshould/wouldhavebeendone/Assessment[基础过关]1．Thiscoastalarea

(name)anationalwildlifereservelastyear.2．Formanyyears,people

(dream)ofelectriccars.However，makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.was

namedhave

dreamed3．Overthepastdecades,seaice___________________(decrease)intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.4．Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebody___________(break)intotheofficeduringthenight.5．—Hi,Torry！CanIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon? —Sorry.It

(repair)．has

been

decreasinghad

brokenis

being

repaired6．LookattheprideonTom'sface.He

(seem)tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.7．Jim

(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.8．Didyoupredictthatmanystudents

(sign)upforthedancecompetition?seemswas

watchingwould

sign9．Atpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairport

(be)thatitwillbringalotofjobstothearea.10．Eric,aswellashisfriends,

(be)forthetourplanatthemeetingyesterday.iswas

语法集训题组一

动词时态集训单句语法填空1.SalesofCDshavedeclineddramaticallysincetheearly2010s,whenpeople______(begin)toenjoymusicdownloadedfromtheinternet.2.Withpeoplepayingattentiontofitness,self-servicemini-gyms,eachcoveringabout5squareMeters,____________(spring)upinChina’smajorcitiestheseyears.3.Wecanfindbeautifullightintheotherperson,whichmaybepreciselywhatwe___________________(search)forallalong.beganhavesprunghavebeensearching4.Whenyouareabsorbedinabookorsimplytryingtorest,itseemsthatthephone__________

(ring)continuously,destroyingyourmomentarypeace.5.WeiboaswellasWeChat______(serve)asamediaplatformforpeopletosharetheirthoughtsinstantlywithoutlimitsofplaceortime.

6.Atsixty,MaughamdecidedtowithdrawfromthetheaterandwroteTheSummingUp,inwhichhetriedtoreviewwhathe___________(learn)fromhislifeandliterature.

7.Linda____________(attend)tohermotherforsolongthatshefiguresoutalmosteverygestureofhermother’s.isringingserveshadlearnedhasattended8.Housingpriceshavebeenincreasingsinceafewyearsago.Therefore,it’stimethecentralgovernment________________(take)someeffectivemeasurestobringthemundercontrol.It'stimethat用法9.Theeventthat________(stand)outinmymemoryhappenedonemorningin1983whenIwas14yearsold.Ithasneverescaped.10.Astudyshowsaworryingtendencythatthewindowforsavingtheworld’scoralreefsfromtheeffectsofglobalwarming_________(close)rapidly.shouldtake/tookstandsisclosingIt'stime(that)

+从句,time可由high,about修饰，从句中的谓语动词有两种形式:1.用动词的过去式(be用were);2.用shoud+动词原形（should不能省略)。此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“现在某人该做某事了”。例:It'stime(that)wewent/shouldgotobed.

我们该去睡觉了。lt'shightimethatthearticlewerepublished/shouldbepublished.发表这篇文章是适时的。题组二

动词被动语态集训单句语法填空1.Throughoutthehistoryofmovie-making,Shakespeare’splays__________________(adapt)forfilmsmorethantheworksofanyotherwriter.2.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhois_________(blame)forthespoiledchild.3.Ifcitynoises_____________(notkeep)fromincreasing,peoplewillhavetoshouttobeheardevenatdinner.4.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,______________