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专题06宾语从句、表语从句(核心考点精讲精练)

复习目标

宾语从句、表语从句,侧重考查其引导词、语序、时态的应用。一般至少会涉及两个考查点:①引

导词相同,语序和时态不同;②时态一致,语序和引导词不同。而且通常都会在一些固定的句型中涉

及,如Iwonder,Would/Couldyoupleasetellme,Canyoutellme,Doyouknow,Idon'tknow等等。上海

中考最近几年对宾语从句的考查全部体现在题型改写句子中,由直接引语改为间接引语。表语从句考

查较少。做此类试题时,首先从语序着手,宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序,即:主语+谓语+宾语+

其他;再从时态考虑,一般情况下,宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致,但是,如果有明显的

时间状语,要以时间状语来判断时态;最后,再判断疑问词。

【思笊导囹】

定义:及物动词/介词序容词后,作宾语的从句制:Iknow[heiskind])

引导海(选对词是前提)

陈述句—that(无义,可省):Shesaid(that)shelikedmusic.

一般疑问句Tf/whether(表"是否"):HeaskedifIwouldcome.

特殊疑问句t疑问词(what/when等,需作成分):Doyouknowwherehelives?

语序(必变陈述语序,高频易错)

三要素(中考100%必考)

一一-原疑问:Whereishe?1宾从:Idon'tknowwhereheis.(7",主语+谓语)

'例外:疑问词作主语(语序不变):Whohelpedyou?-»Iknowwhohelpedyou.

时态(主从呼应,客观真理例外)

主句现在时t从句随句意:HesayshewillvisitB钊ing.(一般将来时)

主句过去时t从句变过去相关:Shesaidshehadfinishedhomework.(过去完成时)

客观真理t从句用一般现在时:Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.

单选(直接考三要素,如选引导词/改语序)

中考常考题型完成句子(补全宾从,需注意时态和语序)

书面表达(用宾从提升句式,»1thinkthat..)

二核心定位Y:结机主语+系动词+表语从句

J关键:系动词(be八ook/seem/become等)后接从句

that:无义,不可省(^J:MyhopeisthatIcanpass.)

whether:表"是否",禁用if(^J:ThequestioniswhetherheIIcome.)

二、必记引导词(中考高频)

连接副词:how/why/when/where(表方式/原因/时间/地点,例:That'swhyhefailed.)

表语从句总框架

asif:表"好像"(例:Itlooksasifitwillrain.)

语序:必须陈述语序(主语+谓语,错:Ishe...;对:Heis...)

三、两大铁律(必守)O*

固定句型:Thereasonisthat...(不用because)

单选:选引导词(区分whether/if...)

四、中考常考场景

书面表达:用ThisiswhatIthink."等提分

考点概览

考点考向考法/命题角度

连接词引导词,不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that;一般疑

问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用

从时态、语序、引导词疑问词。

时态三个方面综合考查时态变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句

时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态应变相应

过;从句若为真理时,永用一般现在时。

语序语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。

(一)宾语从句

具体规则示例

语1.正确:HeaskswhatIlike.(他问我喜欢什么。)

从错误:HeaskswhatdoIlike.2.正确:Couldyoutell

无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句必须用陈述

句mewherethepostofficeis?(你能告诉我邮局在哪

语序(主语+谓语),不能用疑问语序

的里吗?)错误:Couldyoutellmewhereisthepost

语office?

1.丽:用于连接陈)去句,无实际意义,在口语或非1.Shesays(that)shewillvisithergrandma

宾正式文体中可省略(,且主句谓语动词为think,believe,tomorrow.(她说她明天要去看望奶奶。)Hethinks

语suppose等时,that-一般不省略;宾语从句并列时,thatEnglishiseasyandthathecanlearnitwell.(他

从第二个及以后的that不可省略)2.^f/whether:用于认为英语很简单,而且他能学好。)2.1don'tknow

句连接一般疑问句,意:为“是否",一般可互换(但与orif/whetherhewillcome.(我不知道他是否会来。)

的not连用时、作介词方部吾时、句中有if表“如果”时,Wearediscussingwhetherweshouldgoornot.(我

连只能用whether)3」辞殊疑回词:用于连接特殊疑问们正在讨论我们是否应该去。)3.Doyouknow

接句,需根据问句内容选择对应的疑问词(如what,whatheboughtyesterday?(你知道他昨天买了什么

词when,where,how,why等),疑问词在从句中作相应吗?)Hetoldmewherehelivedbefore.(他告诉我

成分(主语、宾语、状语等)他以前住在哪里。)

宾1.主句为1一般现在时日宾语从句可根据实际情况用任1.Hesaysheusuallygetsupat6:00.(他说他通常6

语意时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一点起床。)(主句一般现在时,从句一般现在时)

从般将来时等)2.主句为一般过去时,宾语从句需用相Shetellsmeshehasfinishedherhomework.(她告诉

句应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成我她已经完成作业了。)(主句一般现在时,从

的时、过去将来时)3.宾语从句表示客观真理、客观事句现在完成时)2.Hesaidhegotupat6:00

具体规则示例

时实或永恒不变的规律时,无论主句时态如何,从句都yesterday.(他说他昨天6点起床。)(主句一般

态用1一般现在时过去时,从句一般过去时)Shetoldmeshewould

gotoBeijingthenextday.(她告诉我她第二天要去

北京。)(主句一般过去时,从句过去将来时)

3.Theteachersaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun.(老

师说地球绕着太阳转。)(从句表客观真理,用

一般现在时)

1.正确:Idon'tthinkheisright.(我认为他不对。)

句当主句主语为第一人称(I/we),谓语动词为think,

错误:Ithinkheisnotright.2.正确:Wedon't

的believe,suppose,imagine等时,从句的否定词需转移

believeshewilllate.(我们认为她不会迟到。)错

否到主句上,即“否定主句,肯定从句”

误:Webelieveshewillnotlate.

(二)表语从句

考点

具体规则示例

类别

1.Thefactisthathehaspassedtheexam.(事实是

表语

表语从句位于系动词(be,look,seem,become,get他通过了考试。)(is为系动词,that引导的

从句

等)之后,作句子的表语,结构为“主语+系动从句作表语)2.That'swhatIwanttosay.(那就

的构

词+表语从句”是我想说的话。)(is为系动词,what引导的

从句作表语)

1.Myideaisthatweshouldstartearly.(我的想法

i-H:用于连接陈述句,无实际意义,1不能省略

是我们应该早点出发。)(that不可省略)2.The

(即使在口语中也通常保留)2.怔/whether:用于

questioniswhetherwecanfinishtheworkon

连接一般疑问句,意为“是否”,:表语从句中只能

表语time.(问题是我们能否按时完成工作。)(用

用whether,不能用if3.特殊疑问词|:用于连接

从句whether,不用if)3.Theproblemishowwecan

特殊疑问句,需根据句意选择对应的疑问词(如

的连getenoughmoney.(问题是我们如何能拿到足够

what,when,where,how,why,who等),疑问词在

接词从句中作相应成分4asif/;sthough:意为“好像、的钱。)4.Helooksasifheisill.(他看起来好

像生病了。)(陈述语气,可能真的生病)She

似乎”,引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气(表示与事

talksasthoughshekneweverything.(她说话好像

实不符)或陈述语气(表示与事实相符或可能相符)

什么都知道一样。)(虚拟语气,与事实不符)

1.正确:Thekeyishowwecansolvethis

表语

problem.(关键是我们如何解决这个问题。)错

从句与宾语从句一致,表语从句必须生陈述语序|(主语

误:Thekeyishowcanwesolvethisproblem.2.

的语+谓语),不能用疑问语序

正确:WhatIwanttoknowiswherehelives.(我

想知道的是他住在哪里。)错误:WhatIwantto

考点

具体规则示例

类别

knowiswheredoeshelive.

1.Heisexcitedbecausehisdreamisthathewill

travelaroundtheworld.(他很兴奋,因为他的梦

1.表语从句的时态需根据主句时态和从句所表达想是环游世界。)(主句一般现在时,从句一

表语的时间关系确定:主句为一般现在时,从句可根据般将来时)Shesaidherhopewasthatshecould

从句实际用任意时态;主句为一般过去时,从句用相应visitParis.(她说她的愿望是能去巴黎旅游。)

的时的过去时态(如一般过去时、过去进行时等)2.表(主句一般过去时,从句过去将来时)2.My

态语从句表示客观真理、客观事实时,无论主句时态teachertoldmethatthereasonwhytheskyisblue

如何,从句都用一般现在时isthatsunlightisscatteredbytheair.(老师告诉

我天空是蓝色的原因是阳光被空气散射了。)

(从句表客观事实,用一般现在时)

1.Hedidn'tstudyhard.Thafswhyhefailedthe

「That'swhy+表语从句”:表示“那就是……

常见exam.(他学习不努力,那就是他考试不及格的

的原因”,why引导的从句说明结果2.“That's

固定原因。)2.Hefailedtheexam.Thafsbecausehe

because+表语从句”:表示“那是因为……”,

句型didn'tstudyhard.(他考试不及格,那是因为他

because引导的从句说明原因3.“Thereason

中的学习不努力。)3.Thereasonwhyhefailedthe

why...isthat+表语从句”:表示”...的原因

表语examisthathedidn'tstudyhard.(他考试不及格

是...“,why引导定语从句修饰reason,that引

从句的原因是他学习不努力。)(不可说Thereason

导表语从句(此处that不可用because代替)

why...isbecause...)

(■10、

crj考题透视

A考向一、句型改写与宾语从句

连接词

1.根据语义及语法成分确定连接词:1.Tomcan'tdecidewhichsweaterheshouldbuy.

when,where,why,whether/if,how,who,2.1don'tknowif7whethermyfatherwillcomebacktomorrow.

whomo3.Weallknowthatistherightanswer.

2.从句语法成分齐全时可用that连接,4.Weallknow(that)thesunrisesintheeast.

that也可省略。

时态

1.考点:句型转换1.DoyouknowwhenwearegoingtoBeijing?

2.如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时,宾2.Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.

语从句谓语动词该用哪种时态就用哪3.LucysaysthatLilyislisteningtothemusic.

种时态。一LucysaidthatLilywaslisteningtothemusic.

3.如果主句谓语动词为一般过去时,宾4.LucysaysthatLilywillgohome.

语从句谓语动词使用相应的过去时态.一LucysaidthatLilywouldgohome.

4.如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学5.LucysaysthatLilygetsupatsix.

事实时,不管主句是何种时态渚B用一般—LucysaidthatLilygotupatsix.

现在时.6.LucysaysthatLilyhasneverbeentoGuangzhou.

5.当主句是couldyou…表示婉转的语—LucysaidthatLilyhadneverbeentoGuangzhou.

气,从句的时态无需受主句的影响而发7.Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

生变化8.Couldyoutellmeifitisgoingtoraintomorrow?

9.Couldyoutellmewhomtheradiowasinventedby?

语序

从句以特殊疑问词开头时,疑问词后语Excuseme,couldyoutellmewhereIcanchangemoney?

序正装

直接引语与间接引语

1.考点:句型转换1.1don'tknowwhatIshoulddowiththeletter.

2.人称变化要合逻辑=Idon'tknowwhattodowiththeletter.

3.时态变化要符合以上时态用法要求2.Jack'smotheraskedhim,"Haveyoupackedyourthings?”

=Jack'smotheraskedhimifhehadpackedhisthings.

3.Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.^^

=Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.

4.Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?^^

=Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.

1.(2022•上海中考真题)"WhenwillwegototheVRexperiencecenter?^^Iaskedthetourguide.(改为

间接引语)

IaskedthetourguidewegototheVRexperiencecentre.

2.(2021•上海中考真题)t6HaveyouvisitedtheNationalBookExpo?95Lindaaskedme.(改为间接引语)Linda

askedmeIvisitedtheNationalBookExpo.

3.(2020•上海中考真题)"WilltheexhibitionbeheldinShanghai?"Oliviaaskedhersecretary.(改为间接引

语)

OliviaaskedhersecretarytheexhibitionbeheldinShanghai.

4.(2019•上海中考真题)."AreyoufteetocometomyplacethisSaturday?”Aaronaskedme.(改为间接引语)

AaronaskedmefreetogotohisplacethatSaturday.

5.(2018•上海中考真题)"Howareyougettingalongwithyournewroommate?nFranklinaskedme.(改为宾语

从句)

Franklinaskedmewasgettingalongwithmynewroommate.

6.(2017•上海中考真题)"Haveyoueverbeeninahotairballoon?"Melissaaskedhermom.(改为宾语从句)

Melissaaskedhermomsheeverbeeninahotairballoon.

A考向二、宾语从句中时态、语序及连接词

1、考点突破(一)宾语从句的种类

(二)宾语从句的语序

(三)宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题

(四)that引导的宾语从句

(五)疑问词引导的宾语从句

2、重难点难点1:宾语从句转为反意疑问句

难点2:特殊疑问句做主语的语序

难点3:if和whether辨析

难点01宾语从句转为反意疑问句

Idon'tthinkheisright.(改为反意疑问句)

Idon'tthinkheisright,?

难点02特殊疑问句做主语的语序

Iwonderthebaby.Sheiscryingsadly.

A.whatisthematterwithB.whatthematteriswith

C.ifwhatmatteriswithD.ifwhatisthematterwith

难点03if和whether辨析

Iwonderhewillcomebackhometomorrowornot.

A.whenB.ifC.howD.whether

好题新题特训

一、单选题

1.(2025•上海闵行•三模)Couldyoutellme?

A.whenwilltheshowstartB.whentheshowwillstart

C.whenwouldtheshowstartD.whentheshowwouldstart

2.(2025•上海浦东新•二模)Tomdidn'ttakethatjobopportunity.Doyouknowhemadesucha

decision?

A.whyB.whatC.whoD.where

3.(2025•上海金ill•一模)TheFrenchproduceraskedDamin.

A.howoftendoeshegofishingB.howoftendidhegofishing

C.howoftenhegoesfishingD.howoftenhewentfishing

4.(2025•上海徐汇•一模)Sarahwantedtoknow.

A.whowillberesponsiblefortheofficeB.whatthematterwaswiththeprinter

C.whethertheboyhadunderstoodherinstructionsD.thatthemeetingwouldbeheldnextTuesday

5.(24-25九年级上•上海浦东新•期中)Canyoutellme?

A.whenarethefirstcomputersbuiltB.whenthefirstcomputersarebuilt

C.whenwerethefirstcomputersbuiltD.whenthefirstcomputerswerebuilt

6.(24-25九年级上•上海奉贤•期中)Doyouremember?

A.wheredidyoubuythedictionaryB.whereyouboughtthedictionary

C.wheredoyoubuythedictionaryD.whereyoubuythedictionary

7.(24-25九年级上•上海奉贤•期中)Shehaspromisedthatshecareofitsoon.

A.hastakenB.hadtakenC.willtakeD.wouldtake

8.(23-24九年级上•上海奉贤•期中)Theroadsignshowsus.

A.howcanwegettotheInternationalMeetingCenter

B.whichroadleadstotheInternationalMeetingCenter

C.whereistheInternationalMeetingCenter

D.whatcanwedointheInternationalMeetingCenter

9.(23-24九年级上•上海浦东新•期中)Wewonderinthenovel.

A.whatpersonalitiesdocharactersneedB.charactersneedwhatpersonalities

C.whatpersonalitiescharactersneedD.docharactersneedwhatpersonalities

10.(23-24九年级上•上海静安•期中)一Doyouknow?

一Yes,theywillcomebackinsixmonths.

A.howsoonthethreeastronautswillcomeback

B.howlongwillthethreeastronautscomeback

C.howsoonwillthethreeastronautscomeback

11.(23-24九年级上•上海徐汇•期中)一Doyouknowthenewmobilephonelastweek?

一Maybe900yuan.Tmnotquitesure.

A.howmuchshepaidforB.howmuchwillshepayfor

C.howmuchdidshepayforD.howmuchshewillpayfor

12.(23-24九年级上•上海浦东新•期中)Couldyoutellme?

A.whereisthenearestsupermarket

B.wherethenearestsupermarketis

C.wherewasthenearestsupermarket

D.wherethenearestsupermarketwas

13.(23-24九年级上•上海浦东新•期中)WhenIflewaflatpaperkiteforthefirsttime,Iwondered

A.whatitmadeflyB.howmadeitflyC.whatmadeitflyD.howitmadefly

14.(23-24九年级上•上海浦东新•期中)Wouldyoupleasetellme?

A.whereShanghaiGrandTheatrewas

B.thatcomputercandoalotofwork

C.whowillteachusEnglishnextterm

D.whywereyoulateyesterdaymorning

15.(24-25九年级上•上海黄浦•期末)fmalwayswondering

A.wheresomanyplasticbagshavegoneB.wherehavesomanyplasticbagsgone

C.wherehavegonesomanyplasticbagsD.somanyplasticbagshavegonewhere

16.(25-26九年级上•上海徐汇•阶段练习)CanyoutellmefortheupcomingShanghaiInternational

Marathon?

A.howcanIregisterB.howIcanregister

C.howIregistercanD.howdoIregister

17.(25-26九年级上•上海静安•阶段练习)Iwonder.

A.wherewasmyschoolbagB.howcanIfinishthetask

C.whatourfuturewillbelikeD.whothestoryistelling

18.(25-26九年级上•上海浦东新•阶段练习)Couldyoutellme?

A.whatistheboy'snameB.whattheboy'snamewas

C.whattheboy'snameisD.whatwasthenameoftheboy

19.(25-26九年级上•上海浦东新•阶段练习)1reallydon'tknowifhetomorrow.Ifhe,please

tellme.

A.comes,willcomeB.comes,comesC.willcome,comesD.willcome,

willcome

20.(25-26九年级上•上海徐汇•阶段练习)Pmnotsureifittomorrow.Ifit,we511cancelthe

picnic.

A.willrain;rainsB.rains;willrain

C.willrain;willrainD.rains;rains

21.(25-26九年级上•上海浦东新•阶段练习)Couldyoutellme?

A.howmuchisthebagB.thatthebagis20yuan

C.whenthemeetingwillbeginD.wherethemeetingwouldbeheld

22.(24-25九年级下•上海•阶段练习)Mandyisnotsure________whatTeddytoldheristrue.

A.thatB./C.howD.whether

23.(24-25九年级上•上海•阶段练习)一Canyoutellme______—myonlineshoppingwillarrive?

一Inthreedays.

A.howlongB.howoftenC.howsoonD.howfast

24.(24-25九年级上•上海黄浦•阶段练习)Iwonder________.

A.whendidtheuniversitycampusinChinaopentothepublic

B.whenwilltheuniversitycampusinChinaopentothepublic

C.whenwouldopentheuniversitycampusinChinatothepublic

D.whentheuniversitycampusinChinawillopentothepublic

25.(24-25九年级上•上海•阶段练习)CanyouimagineintwentyyearswithAItechnology?

A.whatwillourlifelooklikeB.whatourlifewilllooklike

C.howwillourlifebeD.howourlifewilllooklike

26.(24-25九年级上•上海浦东新•阶段练习)Couldyoutellmein2010VancouverWinterOlympics?

A.howmanygoldmedalsdidChinagetB.howmanygoldmedalsChinagot

C.howmanygoldmedalshasChinagotD.howmanygoldmedalsChinahadgot

27.(24-25九年级上•上海静安•阶段练习)Wecouldn'tfindout,soweinterviewedDamin.

A.howcouldcormorantscatchfishunderwater

B.howcormorantscouldcatchfishunderwater

C.howcancormorantscatchfishunderwater

D.howcormorantscancatchfishunderwater

28.(23-24九年级下•上海嘉定•阶段练习)一DoyouknowLisacleansherbedroom?

一Perhapseveryday.She'sahardworkinggirl.

A.howfastB.howlongC.howsoonD.howoften

29.(23-24九年级下•上海浦东新•阶段练习)Thelittleboydidn'tknow.

A.whichhatishisB.whichhathisisC.whichhatwashisD.whichhathiswas

30.(23-24九年级下•上海浦东新•阶段练习)Thefactorymanagerexplained.

A.metheproductionprocessofcarsB.tometheproductionprocessofcars

C.howarecarsproducedD.tomeabouttheproductionprocessofcars

31.(23-24九年级下•上海浦东新•阶段练习)IhearTomliveshere,butI'mnotsure

A.inwhichroomdoesheliveB.whichroomdoeshelivein

C.helivesinwhichroomD.whichroomhelivesin

32.(23-24九年级下•上海闵行•阶段练习)Ourteachertoldusyesterdaythat.

A.theEarthwentaroundtheSunB.theEarthwasgoingaroundtheSun

C.theEarthisgoingaroundtheSunD.theEarthgoesaroundtheSun

33.(24-25九年级下•上海•阶段练习)Marywasnearlykilledonthereadjustnow.Thafssheisso

scarednow.

A.thatB.whenC.whyD.how

34.(24-25九年级下•上海•阶段练习)BeijingOperawassuchanamazingartforBill.Thafshe

developedadeeploveforitafterwatchingit.

A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether

35.(24-25九年级下•上海•阶段练习)Paynoattentiontothosewholaughatyou.Whatmattersmostis

youseeyourself.

A.whatB.whenC.howD.which

36.(24-25九年级下•上海•阶段练习)Oneofthegreatestmysteriesis.

A.howwasitbuiltB.whatwasitbuilt

C.howitwasbuiltD.whatitwasbuilt

37.(24-25九年级下•上海•阶段练习)Actually,girlscanbetheywanttobejustlikeboys,whetheritis

apilotorageneralmanager.

A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever

38.(24-25九年级下•上海•阶段练习)Hewaslateforschoolthismorning.Thereasonwashegotup

late.

A.becauseB.whetherC.thatD.becauseof

39.(24-25九年级下•上海•阶段练习)ManypeopleaskmewhyIlikeMickeyMouse.Thafshealways

trieshisbesttowin.

A.ifB.afterC.thoughD.because

40.(24-25九年级下•上海

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