2025年全国统一考试科目指标定量检测高二英语试卷(北京卷)

2025年全国统一考试科目指标定量检测高二英语试卷(北京卷)一、完形填空(★★★)MywifeandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.Anythinginpotsgetseitheroverwateredorunderwatered.Butaftermydiagnosiswithabraincancer,Ilovedtheideaofhavingsomethinggreenand________aroundus.Lastyear,myfriendMitchgavemealuckybambooplant.Tendingtotheplantgavemeasenseof________atatimewhenIsometimesfeltuselessbecausemyabilitytomovewaslimited.Asaphysician,Iwasusedtobeingtheonewho________care.Wateringtheplant________metoacorepartofmyoldidentityandtaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.However,afterseveralweeksgrowinginperfectcondition,theplant________begantoshowsignsofstress.NomatterwhatIdid,theleaveskept________anddroppingtothefloor.“Ican’tevencareforasimpleplant!”Iyelled.“Ifmyluckybamboodies,Imightdietoo!”Identifyingwiththegreenandgrowingplanthadofferedmecomfort.Butwhenthetreewasstruggling,Ifeltincreasinglyuneasyand________.ItwasseveralmonthslaterwhenIrecoveredfromsurgerythatIrealizedIhadwronglylinkedmycarefulnurturingoftheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyown________—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.Asmy________lessened,Ibegantostudyonlinetutorialstofigureouthowtocareforthetree.Itransplantedittoalargerpot,andwhenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbegantothrive(旺盛)again.NowwheneverIlookatthetreeinitsnewpot,ImakeapointtorelaxandthinkofthethingsIcan________.1.A．aliveB．primitiveC．delicateD．mature2.A．warmthB．reliefC．achievementD．security3.A．valuedB．neededC．providedD．lacked4.A．addedB．connectedC．adaptedD．compared5.A．casuallyB．interestinglyC．genuinelyD．mysteriously6.A．spreadingB．browningC．wavingD．dancing7.A．fearfulB．innocentC．faithfulD．dishonest8.A．dreamB．successC．capabilityD．survival9.A．discontentB．anxietyC．doubtD．sympathy10.A．giveB．shareC．decideD．preserve二、语法填空(★★)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Aucklandisthe11(large)cityinNewZealand.ItislocatedonNorthIsland.Thisseasidecityisanimportantcenterforbusiness,industryandculture.Thehistoryofthecitygoesback650yearswhentheMaorissettledinthearea.Europeansettlementbeganin1840whentheBritisharrived.Since1945,thecity12(grow)anditnowhaslargemodernsuburbs.FamoussightsincludeMountEden,oneofmanylargevolcanoes,aswellastheAucklandHarborBridge.Inthecity,youcanenjoyanamazingviewfromtheSkyTower,13isthecity’stallesttower.Fromanywhereinthecity,youcanseethesea.Auckland14(call)“thecityofsails”becauseithasmoreboatsthananywhereelseintheworld.(★★)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Alotofpeopleblamethemediaforencouragementofthepaparazzi.Newspapersandmagazinesarewillingtopayhighpricesforphotographsoffamouspeople15(take)bytheseself-employedphotographers.AccordingtothelawinBritain,itislegaltotake16(photograph)offamouspeopleiftheyareinpublic.Butthepaparazziareoftenpreparedtoriskexpensivelegalcostssince17(sell)photographsoffamouspeoplehasbecomebigbusiness.OneveryfamousexampleisPrincessDiana’sunfortunatedeathin1997.(★★)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Inthe1960s,agroupofcyclingfanspaintedhundredsofbicycleswhiteandplacedtheminlotsofneighborhoodsaroundAmsterdamforpeopletouse.Theproblemwas18itdidn’twork—thievestookallthebicycleswithinweeks!However,morethanthirtyyearslater,the“whitebike”wasbackintown,thistimewithacomputerchip19(record)itseverymove!Today,thereisalreadylesstrafficin20(centre)Amsterdambecausebothlocalsandtouristshavebeenusingthewhitebikes.Therefore,Amsterdamiscalledthe“CityofBicycles”.三、阅读理解(★★★)GetinvolvedwithourresearchSomeofourresearchprojectsrelyonthegenerosityofpeoplelikeyou.Whetherit’susingyourhomePC,takingpartinaclinicaltrial,orsimplyvolunteeringyourtimeforastudy,youmaybeabletocontributetosomeoftheground-breakingprojectswhichmaketheUniversityofOxfordaworldleaderinresearch.Watchthisspaceforwaysinwhichyoucouldgetinvolved.SeekingpoorsleepersforinsomniaresearchTroublesleeping?ResearchersfromtheSleep&CircadianNeuroscienceInstituteattheUniversityofOxfordareevaluatingdifferentinterventionsaimedatimprovingsleep.Wearelookingforpoorsleepersbetweentheagesof18and65.ParticipationwillinvolvespendingovernightsinthesleeplaboratoryatOxford,monitoringyoursleep/wakecycle,andcompletingcomputerisedtasks.Dependingonthestudyyouvolunteerfor,youwilleitherundergoanonlineself-helptreatmentprogrammeorlab-basednon-invasivebrainstimulationsessionspriortobedtime.Youwillbereimbursedforyourtime.Ifyouareinterestedintakingpartorwouldlikemoreinformation,pleasecontacttheresearchteamdirectlyatinsomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.ukVolunteerswithlazyeyewantedWearelookingforvolunteerswithahistoryoflazyeyetotakepartinourbrainscanningstudyonhowbinocular(双眼的)visionrelatestobrainchemistry.Wearelookingforhealthy,fluentEnglishvolunteersaged18-45withahistoryoflazyeye.YouwillalsobeaskedquestionsaboutyourmedicalhistorytocheckyoursuitabilityforanMRIscan.Call01865223622formoreinformation.OxfordVaccineGroupTheOxfordVaccineGroupisanindependentmulti-disciplinaryclinicaltrialsandepidemiologygroup.OVGworkstowardsthegoalofdevelopingnewandimprovedvaccinesforthepreventionofinfectioninadultsandchildren,enhancingtheunderstandingofimmunityandstudyingtheepidemiologyofinfectiousdiseases.Tofindoutwhichresearchprojectsarecurrentlyrecruitingvolunteers,pleaseseetheOVGwebsiteoremailinfo@ovg.ox.ac.uk.OxfordExperimentallabfortheSocialSciencesTheOxfordInternetInstitute,togetherwiththeBusinessSchool,isrecruitingindividualstoparticipateincomputer-basedexperimentsinvolvingonlinesurfingbehavioraswellaseconomicandpoliticaldecision-making.Wepayoursubjectswell,therearenospecialskillsrequiredandyoudon’thavetobeastudenttotakepart!Contactusatsocialscience.study@ox.ac.ukformoreinformation.21.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A．TooffermedicalhelptopatientsB．TolookforexperiencedresearchersC．TointroducenewresearchprogramsD．Torecruitvolunteersforresearchprojects22.ThegoalofOVGisto_______.

A．carryoutclinicaltrialsB．producevaccinesagainstvirusesC．learnmoreabouttheimmunesystemD．studytheoccurrenceofinfectiousdiseases23.YoucanfinishtheexperimentonyourhomePCifyoujoin__________.

A．OxfordVaccineGroupB．InsomniaresearchgroupC．OxfordExperimentallabD．BrainScanningstudygroup(★★★)NewrulesfromtheChinaNationalTourismAdministrationprohibitguidesfromsteeringtheirclientstoillegalorimmoralactivities,suchasgamblingordrugs.Guidesarealsoprohibitedfromforcingclientstoshopatbusinessesduringatour,ortochargeextramoneyagainstaclient’swishes,throughintimidation,restrictingaperson’sfreedomorusingphysicalforce.Thosewhoviolatetheruleswillhavetheirlicensesrevoked(吊销),andincomegeneratedthroughsuchmisbehaviorwillbeconfiscated.Inaddition,violatorswillbefinedbetween2,000and20,000yuan($300to$3,000).TheadministrationsaidthequalityoftourguidesandtheservicestheyprovidearekeytothewaytheindustryisperceivedinChinaandabroad.Throughtherules,whichwilltakeeffectonJan.1st,theadministrationhopestoensurehealthydevelopmentofthedomestictourismmarket.Mr.Wang,aprofessoroftourismadministrationatBeijingInternationalStudiesUniversity,saidthenewrulesactasasupplementtoexistingtourismlaw.“Theyelaboratetourguides’responsibilitiesandwillbeveryhelpfulforthenationaltourismadministrationinstrengtheningitsgovernanceofthisgroupofprofessionals,”Wangsaid.The2001regulationslistedsomeprohibitedbehaviors,andguideswhowerefoundinviolationwouldhavepointstakenawayfromtheirannualscores.In2015and2016,manymediareportsappearedaboutmisbehavingtourguidesatpopulardestinations.Guideservicesstartwith10pointseachyear.Pointsarerequiredtomaintainalicense,soifall10arelost,theguideserviceisshutdown.Thenewrulesdescribesituationsbeyondwhatwereinthe2001regulations,andcovercircumstancesinwhichatourguidewouldbeinviolationandpunishmentsarelaidoutindetail,notingthatsomeoftheexamplesreflectsituationsthathavebeenreporteddomesticallyinrecentyears.Forcedshopping,verbalabuseofclientsandevenabandoningclientshalfwaythroughatourwereamongthemisdeeds.24.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?

A．Anewspaper.B．Atourguide’sdiary.C．The2001regulations.D．ChinaNationalTourismAdministration.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthefourthparagraphreferto?

A．Thetourists.B．Thenewrules.C．Thetourguides.D．The2001regulations.26.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewrulesistrue?

A．Theywillreplacethe2001regulations.B．Theyarereplacementsoftheexistingtourismlaw.C．Theycovermoredetaileddescriptionasasupplement.D．Theywillactasnewtourismstandardsreplacingtheoldones.27.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.

A．therewillbemoremisbehavingtourguidesB．manytravelagencieswillgooutofbusinessC．moremisdeedswillappearatpopulardestinationsD．thedomestictourismmarketwillbemorenormal(★★★)Manypeoplethinkthatcommunicationisthesourceofmostoftheirwork-relatedconflictsbutthey'dbewrong.Inaworkcontext,moreconflictscomefromstructuralrelationshipsandpersonaldifferencesthancommunicationitself.Organizationscreatejobdescriptions,specializedworkgroups,andauthorityrelationships,allwiththeintenttoimprovecoordination(协调).Butindoingso,theyseparatepeopleandcreatethepotentialforconflicts.Forinstance,departmentswithinorganizationshavediversegoals.Purchasingisconcernedwiththetimelyacquisitionofmaterialsandsuppliesatlowprices;qualitycontrol'sattentionisfocusedonimprovingqualityandensuringthattheorganization'sproductsmeetstandard…Whengroupswithinanorganizationseekdiverseends,thereisincreasedpotentialforconflicts.Haveyouevermetpeopletowhomyoutookanimmediatedisliking?Mostoftheopinionstheyexpressed,youdisagreedwith.Eveninsignificantcharacteristics-thewaytheycockedtheirheadwhentheytalkedorsmirkedwhentheysmiled-annoyedyou.We'veallmetpeoplelikethat,andmanyofushavetoworkwithpeoplelikethis.Today'sorganizationsareincreasinglydiverseintermsofage,genderandrace.So,notsurprisingly,employeesdifferontheimportancetheyplaceongeneralvaluessuchasresponsibility,equalityandambition.Theyalsodifferonjob-relatedvaluessuchastheimportanceoffamilyoverworkorfreedomagainstauthority.Thesedifferencesoftensurfaceinwork-relatedinteractionsandcreatesignificantinterpersonalconflicts.Theabovedoesn'tmeanthatcommunicationcan'tbeasourceofconflicts.Itcan.Differingwordconnotations,insufficientexchangeofinformation,poorlisteningskills,andthelike,createconflicts.Butthebeliefthat“wecandealwithourdifferencesifwejustcommunicatemore”isnotnecessarilytrue.Theevidenceactuallyshowsthatthepotentialforconflictsincreaseswhenthereistoomuchcommunicationaswellaswhenthere'stoolittle.Sowhenyou'retryingtomanageconflicts,takeathoughtfullookattheirsource.It'smorelikelythattheconflictiscomingfromwork-relatedrequirements,personalitydifferences,ordissimilarvalues,itisfrompoorcommunication.Andthatmightinfluencetheactionsyoutaketoresolvetheconflict.28.FromPara.2,weknowthatinanorganization,__________.

A．jobdescriptionscaneffectivelyimprovecooperationB．differentgoalsofbranchesmaycausedisagreementsC．divisionoflaborusuallyresultsinharmoniousrelationshipD．thesettingofdifferentdepartmentsistoencouragecompetition29.Theauthorholdsthat__________.

A．fewerconflictswillappearifwecommunicatemoreB．mostpeoplesharesimilarvaluesinthesameorganizationC．communicationisjustoneofthereasonsformostconflictsD．we'dbettercalmdownbeforetakingactionwheninconflict30.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

A．B．C．D．(★★★★)Thefirstpatientwhodiedonmywatchwasanoldermanwithafaultyheart—themainpumphadfailedandhisheartwasbeatingirregularlyandfartoofast.Wetriedtoslowitdownwithtreatment,butitsuddenlystoppedbeatingcompletely.Later,wheneverIwouldhaveacaselikethatone,Ifoundmyselfsecond-guessingmyclinicalmanagement.However,itturnsoutthatthinkingtwicemayactuallycausemoreharmthangood.Inaworkingpaper,EmoryUniversityresearchersfoundthatwhendoctorsdeliveringababyhaveanadverseoutcome,theyaremorelikelytoswitchtoadifferentdeliverymethodwiththenextpatient,oftenunnecessarilyandsometimeswithworseresults.Becausedoctorsmakesomanydecisionsthathaveseriousconsequences,thefalloutfromsecond-guessingloomsespeciallylargeforus.A2006studyfoundthatifapatienthadableedafterbeingprescribedwarfarin,thephysicianwasabout20%lesslikelytoprescribesubsequentpatientsthebloodthinnerthatpreventsstrokes.However,ifapatienthadastrokeandwasnotonwarfarin,physicianswerestillnomorelikelytoprescribewarfarintotheirotherpatients.Thesefindingshighlightinterestingbehavioralpatternsindoctors.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doctorsweremoreaffectedbytheactofdoingharm(prescribingabloodthinnerthatendeduphurtingapatient)andlessaffectedbylettingharmhappen(notprescribingabloodthinnerandthepatienthavingastroke).Yetastrokeisoftenmorepermanentanddamagingthanableed.Butthisphenomenonisnotuniquetomedicine.“OverreactiontoFearsomeRisks”holdstrueforbroadersociety.Forinstance,sensationalheadlinesaboutsharkattacksonhumansinFloridain2001causedapanicandledthestatetoprohibitsharkfeedingexpeditions.Yetsharkattackshadactuallyfallenthatyearand,accordingtothestudy,suchachangewasprobablyunnecessarygiventheextremelysmallriskofsuchanattackhappening.Humansaresusceptibletoemotionalandoftenirrationalthinkingwhenprocessinginformation,adverseeventsandmistakes.Asmuchaswedon’twanttocauseanunfortunateeventtorecur—inamedicalsettingorinthewiderworld—weneedtobeawarethataworstcasescenariodoesn’tnecessarilymeanwedidanythingwrong.Whenweoverthink,wefailtorelyonthinkingbasedonwhatweknoworhaveexperienced.Instead,wemayinadvertentlyoveranalyzeandcometothewrongconclusion.Ihavetreateddozensofpatientswhopresentedwiththesameillnessesasmyfirstpatient,whodiedmorethanayearago.Insteadofsecondguessingmyself,Itrustedmyclinicalinstinctandstayedthecourse.Everyoneofthosepatientssurvived.Youshouldtrustyourinstinctinyourlife,too.31.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat______

A．Badmedicaloutcomesaffectdoctors.B．Deliveringbabiescanbedifficultwork.C．Somedoctorsarenotveryexperienced.D．Doctorssometimesmakesillymistakes.32.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doctors______.

A．tendtoprescribelesseffectivemedicineB．aremoreconcernedaboutthepatients’safetyC．believeastrokeismoretreatablethanableedingD．becomelessconfidentinwritingcertainprescriptions33.Theauthordevelopshisideamainlyby______.

A．givingexamplesB．makingcomparisonsC．usingmetaphorsD．quotingfamoussayings34.Theauthorwillprobablyagreethat______.

A．weshouldn’tdoubtourowndecisionsB．ourexperiencewillpavewayforourfutureC．humansareemotionalandirrationalonthewholeD．instinctsdon’tnecessarilyleadtowrongdirections(★★★)ApathyApathyisastateoflackinginterest,enthusiasmorconcern.35Theymayalsoexhibitunfeelingness.ChristianshavecondemnedapathyasalackofloveanddevotiontoGodandHisworks.36Alsomeaning"absenceofpassion"inGreek,theterm"apatheia"wasusedbytheStoics(禁欲主义者)toshowadesirablestateofindifferencetowardseventsandthingswhichlieoutsideone'scontrol.ThemodernconceptofapathybecamewellknownafterWorldWarI,whenitwascalled“shellshock."Soldiers,livinginthetrenchesamongthebombingandgunfires,sawthebattlefieldsfilledwithdeadandwoundedcompanions.37In1950,USnovelistPassoswrote"Apathyisoneofthecharacteristicresponsesofanylivingbeingwhenitissubjectedtosomethingtootenseortoocomplicatedtodealwith."USphilosopherRobertM.Hutchinssummarizestheconcernsaboutpoliticalindifference.Heclaimsthatthedeathofdemocracyisnotlikelytobeasuddenmurderfromambush(埋伏)．38Theremaybeotherthingscontributingtoaperson'spoliticalapathy.ActivistDaveMeslinarguesthatapathyisoftentheresultofsocialsystemsactivelyblockingengagementandinvolvement.Hedescribesvariousbarriersthatpreventpeoplefromknowinghoworwhytheymightgetinvolvedinsomething,39Theseinclude:politicalmediathatmakeitdifficultforpotentiallyinterestedindividualstofindrelevantinformation,andmediadescriptionsofheroesas"chosen"byoutsideforcesratherthanself-motivated.Hesuggeststhatweredefinesocialapathynotasapopulationthatisstupidorlazy,butasaresultofpoorlydesignedsystemsthatfailtoinviteotherstoparticipate.

A．Itwillbeaslowprocessoffadingawayfromapathyandindifference.B．Apatheticpeoplemaylackasenseofpurposeormeaningintheirlife.C．Theword"dispassion"isusedfor"apatheia",soasnottoconfuseitwithapathy.D．Hefocusesondesignchoicesthatunintentionallyorintentionallyexcludepeople.E．Sotheygraduallydevelopedasenseofdisconnectednumbnesstonormalsocialinteraction.F．Althoughtheword"apathy"originatesfrom"apatheia",itisimportantnottoconfusethetwoterms.G．AuthorJohnMcManamyarguesapathyisapsychologicalproblemforsomedepressedpeople,inwhichtheygetasensethat"nothingmatters".(★★★)阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。TheWeightofWhiteLiesAmantakinghismothertoasurprisepartytellsherthey’regoingtothemall.Awomanfibsthatthestorewasoutofheroverweightboyfriend’sfavoritejunkfood.Atutorassureshisstudentthatherspottyresumélooksfine.Evenbenevolentformsofdeceptioncomeinshadesofacceptability,andpeoplewholearnthattheyhavebeenmisleddon’talwaysseeitthewaydeceiversdo.Aliethat’smeanttoinflatesomeone’sconfidenceordiscourageabadhabit,forexample,ofteninvolvesmakingajudgmentaboutwhat’sbestforthatperson.Thatpresumptioncanbackfire.Inrecentexperiments,participantsplayinganeconomicgameonacomputerreceivedatipthatledthemtooneoftwopossiblepayoffs.Somelearnedthatthesenderofthetiphadliedtothemtosecurethemaparticularoption.Ifthebestoptionhadbeendebatableratherthanobvious—suchasreceiving$10rightawayratherthan$30afterthreemonths—participantsjudgedthatpersonaslessmoralforlyingandwerelesssatisfiedwiththeoutcome,onaverage,evenifitwastheonetheyhadpreviouslysaidtheypreferred.“Peopleseemtofeeltheyhavearighttothetruth,andthatbytakingthataway,youdiminishtheirabilitytoactfreely,”saysstudyco-authorMatthewLupoli,aPh.D.candidateattheUniversityofC