《湿法冶金过程及设备培训》-净化岗位实践重难点答疑

净化岗位实践重难点答疑Q&AonKeyandDifficultQuestionsinPurifyingPostPractice一、常见重点问题答疑I.AnswerstoFrequentlyAskedKeyQuestions1.问题：三段净化中，一段净化、二段净化、三段净化的温度和pH值范围分别是什么？1.Question:Amongthethree-stagepurification,whatarethetemperatureandpHrangesofthefirst-stagepurification,thesecond-stagepurificationandthethird-stagepurification?答案：Answer:一段净化：温度80-90℃，pH4.5-5.2。First-stagepurification:Temperature80-90°C,pH4.5-5.2.二段净化：温度80-85℃，pH5.0-5.2。Second-stagepurification:Temperature80-85°C,pH5.0-5.2.三段净化：温度75-80℃（自然温度），pH5.0-5.4。Third-stagepurification:Temperature75-80℃(naturaltemperature),pH5.0-5.4.2.问题：在三段净化过程中，使用的活化剂有哪些？其作用是什么？2.Question:Whatactivatorsareusedinthethree-stagepurificationprocess?Whatisitsrole?答案：使用的活化剂有Sb₂O₃、CuSO₄。它们的作用是降低Co析出超电压，从而促进钴杂质的去除。Answer:TheactivatorsusedareSb₂O₃andCuSO₄.TheirroleistoreducetheCoprecipitationovervoltage,thuspromotingtheremovalofcobaltimpurities.3.问题：三段净化中各段的操作步骤有哪些关键要点？3.Question:Whatarethekeypointsoftheoperationstepsofeachstageofthethree-stagepurification?答案：Answer:一段净化：加锌粉与Sb₂O₃活化剂，严格按顺序和用量操作，反应时间控制在60-90min。First-stagepurification:AddzincpowderandSb₂O₃activator,operateinstrictaccordancewiththesequenceanddosage,andcontrolthereactiontimeat60-90min.二段净化：补加锌粉，注意保持无氧环境以防止Cd复溶。Second-stagepurification:Addzincpowderandpayattentiontomaintaininganoxygen-freeenvironmenttopreventCdreconstitution.三段净化：按规范操作流程进行，以最终去除残留杂质。Third-stagepurification:Carryoutaccordingtothestandardoperationproceduretofinallyremoveresidualimpurities.二、常见难点问题答疑II.AnswerstoFrequentlyAskedDifficultQuestions1.问题：若一段净化时温度低于80℃，会对净化效果产生什么影响？应如何调整？1.Question:Whatimpactwillithaveonthepurificationeffectifthetemperatureduringthefirst-stagepurificationislowerthan80°C?Howshoulditbeadjusted?答案：影响：一段净化温度低于80℃，会影响除钴效果，因为除钴需要高温条件，温度不足会导致钴去除不彻底。Answer:Impact:Ifthetemperatureduringthefirst-stagepurificationislowerthan80°C,itwillaffectthecobaltremovaleffect,becausecobaltremovalrequireshightemperatureconditions,andinsufficienttemperaturewillleadtoincompletecobaltremoval.调整方法：可采取加热措施，如开启加热装置，提高反应体系的温度至80-90℃范围内。Adjustmentmethod:Heatingmeasurescanbetaken,suchasturningontheheatingdeviceandincreasingthetemperatureofthereactionsystemtotherangeof80-90°C.2.问题：三段净化过程中pH值过高（超过5.4）会有什么后果？若发现pH值过高，应如何处理？2.Question:WhataretheconsequencesoftoohighpHvalue(morethan5.4)duringthethird-stagepurificationprocess?WhatshouldbedoneifthepHvalueisfoundtobetoohigh?答案：后果：pH值过高可能会导致锌离子形成氢氧化锌沉淀，造成锌的损失，同时也可能影响其他杂质的去除效果。Answer:Consequence:ToohighpHvaluemaycausezincionstoformzinchydroxideprecipitation,resultinginthelossofzinc,andmayalsoaffecttheremovaleffectofotherimpurities.处理方法：可加入适量的酸（如硫酸）来调节pH值，使其降至4.5-5.4的合理范围内，操作时需缓慢加入酸，并不断搅拌，同时监测pH值的变化。Treatmentmethod:Anappropriateamountofacid(suchassulfuricacid)canbeaddedtoadjustthepHvaluetoareasonablerangeof4.5-5.4.Duringoperation,theacidneedstobeaddedslowlyandstirredcontinuously,andthechangeofpHvalueshouldbemonitored.3.问题：检测发现净化后液中钴含量超标（超过0.0005g/L），可能是什么原因导致的？应采取哪些措施进行调整？3.Question:Whatmaybethecauseifthetestfoundthatthecobaltcontentinthepurifiedliquidexceededthestandard(exceeding0.0005g/L)?Whatmeasuresshouldbetakentomakeadjustments?答案：可能原因：活化剂（Sb₂O₃、CuSO₄）添加量不足或添加时机不当；一段净化温度未达到80-90℃；反应时间不足等。Answer:Possiblereasons:Insufficientamountofactivator(Sb₂O₃,CuSO₄)addedorimpropertimingofaddition;thetemperatureofthefirst-stagepurificationdoesnotreach80-90°C;insufficientreactiontime,etc.调整措施：检查活化剂的添加情况，适当增加活化剂的用量，并确保在合适的时机添加；检查加热装置，将一段净化温度提高到规定范围；延长反应时间，确保钴充分去除。Adjustmentmeasures:Checktheadditionofactivator,increasethedosageofactivatorappropriately,andensu