《湿法冶金过程及设备培训》课件-电解实质应用及过程

课程导入

Courseguide电解Electrolysis一些金属湿法冶金提取金属工艺的最后一道工序。Thefinalstepofsomemetalshydrometallurgicalextractionofmetalsprocess.

电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses林忠

Lin

Zhong

主讲教师

Lecturer课程导入

Courseguide电解

Electrolysis电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses课程导入

Courseguide工序生产过程要素Processproductionprocesselements阴极Cathode电解槽Electrolyticcell电源要求Powerrequirement电解液的组成要求Compositionrequirementsofelectrolyte阳极Anode电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses课程导入

Courseguide不同的金属电解，因各个金属的特性不同，其生产要素也不尽相同。Differentmetalelectrolysishasdifferentproductionfactorsduetothedifferentcharacteristicsofeachmetal.电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses从粗金属、合金或其他冶炼中间产物（如锍）中提取金属Extractionofmetalsfromcrudemetals,alloys,orothermetallurgicalintermediates(suchasmatte)从浸出（或经净化）的溶液中提取金属Extractionofmetalsfromleached(orpurified)solutions可溶阳极

Solubleanode不可溶阳极

Insolubleanode水溶液电解时，因使用的阳极不同有所区分：Whenelectrolyzingaqueoussolutions,therearedifferencesdependingontheanodesused:电解精炼

Electrorefining电解沉积

Electrowinning也可称为电解沉积与电解精炼的区别

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining电解应用

Electrolyticapplications电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses从粗金属、合金或其他冶炼中间产物（如锍）中提取金属。Theextractionofmetalsfromcrudemetals,alloys,orothermetallurgicalintermediates(suchasmatte).电解精炼

Electrorefining从浸出（或经净化）的溶液中提取金属。Theextractionofmetalsfromleached(orpurified)solutions.电解沉积

Electrowinning理论基础都遵循电化学规律

Thetheoreticalbasisfollowsthelawsofelectrochemistry也可称为电解沉积与电解精炼的区别

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining电解应用

Electrolyticapplications电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

在湿法冶金电解生产中，锌金属电解生产属于典型的电解沉积生产。Inhydrometallurgicalelectrolysisproduction,zincmetalelectrolysisproductionbelongstotypicalelectrolyticdepositionproduction.锌电解车间

Zincelectrolysisworkshop也可称为电解沉积与电解精炼的区别

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining电解应用

Electrolyticapplications电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

来源：内蒙古日报社融媒体原创

Source:InnerMongoliaDailyFinancialMediaOriginal电源：直流电Powersupply:DCpower电解液：由硫酸锌、硫酸、水和少量金属硫酸盐组成。Electrolyte:Consistsofzincsulfate,sulfuricacid,waterandasmallamountofmetalsulfate.阳极：铅银合金Anode:Lead-silveralloy阴极：纯铝质Cathode:Purealuminum电解槽：钢筋混凝土内置防腐防酸材料Electrolyticcell:reinforcedconcretebuilt-inanti-corrosionandacid-proofmaterials锌电解沉积中

Inzincelectrolyticdeposition也可称为电解沉积与电解精炼的区别

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining电解应用

Electrolyticapplications特点：阳极不溶解，电解所需的锌离子由上个工序的净化后液提供。Features:Theanodeisinsoluble,andthezincionsrequiredforelectrolysisareprovidedbythepurifiedliquidofthepreviousprocess.电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

铜金属电解生产属于典型的电解精炼生产。Coppermetalelectrolysisproductionisatypicalelectrorefiningproduction.铜电解车间

Copperelectrolysisworkshop也可称为电解沉积与电解精炼的区别

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining电解应用

Electrolyticapplications电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

电源：直流电Powersupply:DCpower电解液：由硫酸铜、硫酸、水和少量金属硫酸盐组成。Electrolyte:Consistsofcoppersulfate,sulfuricacid,water,andasmallamountofmetalsulfate.阳极：火法精炼粗铜Anode:Pyro-refinedblistercopper阴极：纯铜或由不锈钢等制成的永久阴极Cathode:Apermanentcathodemadeofpurecopperorstainlesssteel,etc.电解槽：钢筋混凝土内置防腐防酸材料Electrolyticcell:reinforcedconcretebuilt-inanti-corrosionandacid-proofmaterials刚吊出电解槽的阴极铜

Coppercathodejustliftedoutofelectrolyticcell铜电解精炼中

Incopperelectrorefining也可称为电解沉积与电解精炼的区别

Itcanalsobecalledthedifferencebetweenelectrolyticdepositionandelectrorefining电解应用

Electrolyticapplications特点：阳极溶解，电解所需的铜离子由阳极溶解提供。Features:Anodicdissolution,copperionsrequiredforelectrolysisareprovidedbyanodicdissolution.电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

电解过程是阴、阳两个电极反应的综合反应过程。

Theprocessofelectrolysisisacomprehensivereactionprocessinwhichthecathodeandtheanodeelectrodesreact.Cu++

SO42

CuSO4

导电杆

Conductingrod阳极

Anode

阴极

Cathode

氧化物

Oxidizingsubstance还原物

Reducingsubstance电解过程

Electrolysisprocess电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

在电极与溶液的界面上发生的反应。Areactionthattakesplaceattheinterfacebetweentheelectrodeandthesolution.在阴极上，发生的反应是物质得到电子的还原反应，称为阴极反应。Atthecathode,thereactionthattakesplaceisareductionreactioninwhichthesubstancegetselectrons,whichiscalledacathodicreaction。.在阳极上，发生的反应是物质失去电子的氧化反应，称为阳极反应。Ontheanode,thereactionthattakesplaceisanoxidationreactioninwhichthesubstanceloseselectrons,calledan

anodicreaction.电极反应

ElectrodereactionCu++

SO42

CuSO4

导电杆

Conductingrod阳极

Anode

阴极

Cathode

电解过程

Electrolysisprocess电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

水溶液电解质电解过程的阴极反应，主要是金属阳离子的还原，结果在阴极上沉积出金属。Thecathodicreactionofaqueouselectrolyteelectrolysisprocessismainlythereductionofmetalcations,resultinginthedepositionofmetalsonthecathode.例如：

Forexample:Cu2++2e=Cu

Zn2+

+

2e

=Zn电解阴极反应副反应的发生

Occurrenceofsidereactionsinelectrolyticcathodereaction

O2+2H2O+4e=4OH-

Meiz++zie=Mei

Mehz++(zh-zi)e=Mei（h-i）

(1)

(2)

(4)

(3)

(5)

阴极反应

Cathodicreaction电解过程

Electrolysisprocess电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

可溶性阳极反应

Solubleanodicreaction不可溶性阳极反应

Insolubleanodicreaction阳极反应

Anodicreaction电解过程

Electrolysisprocess电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

粗金属等中的金属氧化溶解，即阳极中的金属失去电子，变为离子进入溶液。Metalsincrudemetalsandthelikeareoxidizedanddissolved,thatis,themetalsintheanodeloseelectronsandbecomeionsintosolution.Cu–2e=Cu2+

Ni–2e=Ni2+水溶液电解质中的阴离子在阳极上失去电子的氧化反应。Anoxidationreactioninwhichanionsintheaqueouselectrolyteloseelectronsontheanode.

2Cl-–2e=Cl2

阳极反应

Anodicreaction电解过程

Electrolysisprocess电解实质、应用及过程

Electrolysisessence,applicationsandprocesses萃取又称液液萃取，是指两个完全不互溶或部分互溶的液相接触后，一个液相中的溶质经过物理或化学作用另一个液相，或在两相中重新分配的过程。

Extraction,alsoknownasliquid-liquidextraction,referstotheprocessinwhich,aftertwocompletelyimmiscibleorpartiallymiscibleliquidphasescomeintocontactwitheachother,thesoluteinoneliquidphasetransferstotheotherliquidphaseunderphysicalorchemicalinteractions,orthesolutegetsredistributedinthetwophases.

在阳极反应的过程中，可能还有其他副反应发生。Duringtheanodicreaction,othersidereactionsmayoccur.Me–ze=Mez+（在溶液中金属的溶解）

Me–ze=Mez+(Dissolutionofmetalinsolution)Me+zH2O–ze=(OH)z+zH+（金属氧化物的形成）

Me+zH2O–ze=(OH)z+zH+(FormationofMetalOxide)

2H2O–4e=O2+4H+

4OH--4e=