《湿法冶金过程及设备培训》课件-课件：净化岗位实践 Teaching Materials：Purification post practice

净化岗位实践Purificationpostpractice课程导入

Courseguide林忠

Lin

Zhong

主讲教师

Lecturer净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice课程导入

Courseguide核心任务thecoretasks操作要点keyoperationpoints安全规范safetyspecifications课程导入

Courseguide核心使命：

Coremissions:▶精准控制三段净化

▶Precisecontrolofthree-stagepurification▶保障电解液杂质达标

▶Ensurethatelectrolyteimpuritiesmeetstandards课程导入

Courseguide安全红线：

Safetybottomline:▶

防砷化氢中毒（强制负压通风）

▶Preventionofarsenidepoisoning(forcednegativepressure

ventilation)▶防高温烫伤、机械伤害

▶Preventionofhightemperaturescaldandmechanicalinjury如降低电流效率，增加电能消耗，影响析出锌质量，腐蚀阴阳极板，造成剥锌困难，结晶阻塞管道、溜槽，影响流量等。Suchasreducingcurrentefficiency,increasingpowerconsumption,affectingthequalityofprecipitatedzinc,corrodingcathodeandanodeplates,causingdifficultyinzincstripping,pipesandchutesblockedbycrystallization,andaffectingflowrate.锌精矿经过浸出所产出的中上清液含有许多杂质，包括铜、镉、钴、镍、砷、锑、铁、氟、氯、硅、钙、镁等。这些杂质在锌电解沉积过程中是极为有害的。Theintermediatesupernatefromzincconcentrateleachingcontainsmanyimpurities,includingcopper,cadmium,cobalt,nickel,arsenic,antimony,iron,fluorine,chlorine,silicon,calciumandmagnesium.Theseimpuritiesareextremelyharmfulduringzincelectrolyticdeposition.净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice净化的意义及要求

Significanceandrequirementsofpurification因此，在电解前必须对溶液进行净化，把有害杂质除至允许含量。

Therefore,thesolutionmustbepurifiedbeforeelectrolysistoremoveharmfulimpuritiestotheallowablecontent.硫酸锌溶液中的杂质，根据其性质可以分为三类：Impuritiesinzincsulfatesolutioncanbedividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheirproperties:净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice溶液净化的基本原理

Basicprinciplesofsolutionpurification第一类：铁、砷、锑、锗、铝、硅酸；Firstcategory:iron,arsenic,antimony,germanium,aluminumandsilicicacid;第二类：铜、镉、钴、镍；Secondcategory:copper,cadmium,cobaltandnickel;第三类：氟、氯、钙、镁。Thirdcategory:fluorine,chlorine,calciumandmagnesium.第一类杂质，在中性浸出过程中，控制好矿浆的pH值即可大部分除去。ThefirstcategoryofimpuritiescanbemostlyremovedbycontrollingthepHvalueoftheslurryduringtheneutralleachingprocess.净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice杂质去除方法

Impurityremovalmethods例如：Fe、As、Sb、Ge、Al、H2SiO3。

Forexample:Fe,As,Sb,Ge,Al,H2SiO3.第二类杂质，通常采用锌粉置换法除去，或者添加特殊试剂置换法除去。Thesecondcategoryofimpuritiesisusuallyremovedbythezincdustprecipitationmethodorbyaddingspecialreagentreplacementmethod.净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice杂质去除方法

Impurityremovalmethods例如：Cu、Cd、Co、Ni。

Forexample:Cu,Cd,CoandNi.第三类杂质通过化学沉淀法去除，沉淀剂选择与用量控制至关重要。Thethirdcategoryofimpuritiesisremovedbythechemicalprecipitationmethod,andtheselectionanddosagecontrolofprecipitantareveryimportant.净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice杂质去除方法

Impurityremovalmethods例如：F、Cl、Ca、Mg。

Forexample:F,Cl,CaandMg.温度控制

Temperaturecontarol

一段净化温度需控制在80-90℃，除Co需高温，温度精准把控影响净化效果。Thefirst-stagepurificationtemperatureneedstobecontrolledat80-90°C,exceptforCowhichrequireshightemperature.Precisetemperaturecontrolaffectsthepurificationeffect.pH控制

pHcontrol

活化剂使用

Activatoruse

活化剂Sb2O3、CuSO4可降低Co析出超电压，活化剂添加量与时机需精准把控。TheactivatorsSb₂O₃andCuSO₄canreduceCoandprecipitatetheovervoltage,andtheamountandtimingofactivatoradditionneedtobeaccuratelycontrolled.全程pH控制在4.5-5.4，分段标注，pH值稳定是净化反应顺利进行的基础。ThepHshallbecontrolledat4.5-5.4inthewholeprocessandmarkedinsections,andthestablepHvalueisthebasisforthesmoothprogressofthepurificationreaction.净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice关键控制点

Criticalcontrolpoints

条件控制

Conditioncontrol一段净化条件为80-90℃、60-90min、pH4.5-5.2，严格按条件操作确保杂质去除。Thefirst-stagepurificationconditionsinclude80-90℃,60-90min,andpHof4.5-5.2,andoperationisrequiredinstrictaccordancewiththeconditionstoensureimpurityremoval.操作步骤

Operationsteps加锌粉与三氧化二锑活化剂，操作顺序与用量需准确无误，保障净化效果。Whenaddingzincpowderandantimonytrioxideactivator,theoperationsequenceanddosagemustbeaccuratetoensurethepurificationeffect.净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice一段净化

First-stagepurification

补加锌粉，注意无氧环境防Cd复溶，操作细节决定净化成败。Thezincpowdershallbereplenished,andattentionshallbepaidtotheoxygen-freeenvironmenttopreventCdredissolving.Operationdetailsdeterminethesuccessorfailureofpurification.二段净化条件为80-85℃、pH5.0-5.2，条件精准把控深度去除Cu、Cd杂质。Thesecond-stagepurificationconditionsinclude80-85°C,andpHof5.0-5.2,andtheconditionsshallbeaccuratelycontrolledtoremoveCuandCdimpuritiesthoroughly.净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice二段净化

Two-stagepurification

条件控制

Conditioncontrol操作步骤

Operationsteps

条件控制

Conditioncontrol三段净化条件为75-80℃（自然温度）、pH5.0-5.4，条件适宜终除残留杂质。Thethree-stagepurificationconditionsinclude75-80℃(naturaltemperature),andpHof5.0-5.4,andtheconditionsshallbesuitableforfinalremovalofresidualimpurities.操作步骤

Operationsteps操作流程规范，确保残留杂质彻底清除，保障净化液质量。Theoperationprocessshallbestandardizedtoensurethatresidualimpuritiesarethoroughlyremovedandtoguaranteethequalityofpurificationsolution.净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice三段净化

Three-stagepurification

净化后液杂质要求为（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化后液杂质要求为（g/L）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice产出物料及质量要求

OutputmaterialsandqualityrequirementsCu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice净化岗位正常运行工艺操作规程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost

接班时仔细查看岗位区域现场检查确认岗位状况是否正常，严格按交接班制度完成接班。Whentakingovershift,theworkareashallbecarefullychecked,andfieldinspectionshallbeperformedtoconfirmwhetherthepoststatusisnormal,Takingovershiftshallbecompletedinstrictaccordancewiththeshifthandoversystem.净化后液杂质要求为（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice

认真监控各使用中的锌粉斗的料位，如果发现锌粉不足时，及时从锌粉库房转运锌粉到净化槽楼面，及时往锌粉斗补充锌粉，确保锌粉斗的料位合格。Themateriallevelofeachzincpowderhopperinuseshallbecarefullymonitored.Ifitisfoundthatzincpowderisinsufficient,thezincpowdershallbetransferredfromthezincpowderwarehouseintimetothepurificationtankfloor,andthezincpowdershallbereplenishedintothezincpowderbucketintime,toensurethatthemateriallevelofzincpowderhopperisqualified.净化岗位正常运行工艺操作规程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost净化后液杂质要求为（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice

生产过程中，须每隔15分钟巡查一次现场，检查锌粉、硫酸铜浆化液和锑盐浆化液的加入量情况，确保平稳、连续的加入。Duringtheproductionprocess,thesitemustbeinspectedonceevery15mintochecktheadditionamountofzincpowder,coppersulfateslurrysolutionandantimonicsaltslurrysolution.Theirsmoothandcontinuousadditionshallbeguaranteed.净化岗位正常运行工艺操作规程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost净化后液杂质要求为（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice

生产过程中，须每隔15分钟巡查一次现场，检查锌粉、硫酸铜浆化液和锑盐浆化液的加入量情况，确保平稳、连续的加入。Duringtheproductionprocess,thesitemustbeinspectedonceevery15mintochecktheadditionamountofzincpowder,coppersulfateslurrysolutionandantimonicsaltslurrysolution.Theirsmoothandcontinuousadditionshallbeguaranteed.净化岗位正常运行工艺操作规程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost净化后液杂质要求为（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice

按技术要求控制好进入净化溜槽的低铁净化上清液流量，按技术要求控制好净化搅拌槽温度。Theflowrateoflow-ironpurifiedsupernateenteringthepurificationchuteshallbeproperlycontrolledaccordingtotechnicalrequirements,andthetemperatureofthepurificationandstirringtankshallbecontrolledaccordingtotechnicalrequirements.净化岗位正常运行工艺操作规程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost净化后液杂质要求为（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice

生产过程中，每隔1小时分别取一段、二段、三段压滤液，送检测分析相关的杂质元素，注意，在取样前先用待取样润洗取样杯2次后再进行取样。Intheproductionprocess,thefirst-,second-andthird-stagefiltratesshallbetakenevery1h,whichshallbedeliveredfortestingtoanalyzerelevantimpurityelements.Attentionshallbepaidtothat,beforesampling,thesamplingcupshallberinsedtwicewiththesampletobetaken,followedbysampling.净化岗位正常运行工艺操作规程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost净化后液杂质要求为（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice

同时，每隔2小时取低铁上清溶液送检测分析相关的杂质元素。Atthesametime,thelow-ironsupernateshallbetakenevery2handdeliveredfordetectiontoanalyzerelevantimpurityelements.净化岗位正常运行工艺操作规程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost净化后液杂质要求为（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice

根据所测到的杂质元素含量情况，判定是否调整各槽锌粉和其它辅料加入量，确保净化合格的同时避免锌粉、硫酸铜、锑盐的浪费。加大锌粉加料量时优先调整上游锌粉加料量，减小锌粉加料量时优先调整下游锌粉加料量。

Accordingtothemeasuredimpurityelementcontent,itisrequiredtojudgewhethertheaddedamountofzincpowderandotherauxiliarymaterialsineachtankshouldbeadjusted,toensurequalifiedpurificationandtoavoidthewasteofzincpowder,coppersulfateandantimonicsalt.Whenincreasingthezincpowderfeedingamount,theupstreamzincpowderfeedingamountispreferentiallyadjusted.Whenreducingthezincpowderfeedingamount,thedownstreamzincpowderfeedingamountispreferentiallyadjusted.净化岗位正常运行工艺操作规程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost净化后液杂质要求为（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice

按时做好数据记录，下班前严格按交接班制度交班。Datarecordsshallbemadeontime,andtheshiftshallbehandedoverinstrictaccordancewiththeshifthandoversystembeforegettingoffwork.净化岗位正常运行工艺操作规程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost防护措施Protectivemeasures防护措施为强制通风+防毒口罩（活性炭滤芯半月换），防护到位保障人员健康。Theprotectivemeasuresincludeforcedventilation+gasmask(activatedcarbonfilterelementisreplacedhalfamonth),andproperprotectiontoensurethehealthofpersonnel.监测要求

Monitoringrequirements槽内负压监测，烟囱每周清理，监测要求严格，确保生产环境安全。Negativepressuremonitoringinthetank,weeklycleaningofthechimney,andstrictmonitoringrequirementsensurethesafetyoftheproductionenvironment.净化岗位实践

Purificationpostpractice砷化氢防护

Arsenichydrideprotection

作业准备

Operationpreparation作业准备为通风≥4h→断电挂牌→监护入场，准备充分保障作业安全。Theoperationpreparationincludesventilation≥