2025北京昌平区高一（下）期末英语试题及答案

高中2025北京昌平高一（下）期末英语2025.7本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节：完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TuanPhamwasfeelingprettygoodabouthimselfasheapproachedthe12-milemarkoftheLongBeachHalfMarathon(马拉松).The___1___onOct.15,2023,wasthe47-year-old’sseventhsuchevent,andhecouldn’twaittocelebrateatthefinishlinewithhisteenageson,whohadracedahead.Phamtookanothersteportwo,andthatwasthelastthinghe___2___.Hehadnoideahowhefellface-firsttotheground,wherehe___3___withoutmovingasrunnersskirtedhim.Hehadnoheartbeat,norwashebreathing.JustasPham___4___theground,RyanChiu,asurgeon(外科医生)fromLongBeachMedicalCenter,wasleavingarestaurantafewfeetaway.Dr.Chiu___5___recognizedwhatwashappening.HerantoPham’ssideandbeganchestcompressions(胸部按压).Heenlistedthehelpofabystander,whotookoveroncompressionswhileDr.Chiu___6___hishospitalandtoldthemtoprepareanoperatingroomandgatherasurgicalteam.Minuteslater,anambulancearrived.DoctorsliftedupPhamand___7___himtothehospital,withDr.Chiufollowinginhisowncar.ThesurgerythatDr.Chiuperformedwasa___8___,andPhamisaliveandwell—wellenoughtoreturntotherouteoftheLongBeachHalfMarathonandpickupwherehe___9___.Phamlikelywouldn’thavehadthat_____10_____iffortunehadn’tsteppedin.IfChiuhadlefttherestaurantearly,hewouldneverhaveseenPhamfalling.“Ican’tbelievethefirstguytoseemefall,toshowupandgivemehelp,wasasurgeon,”Phamtoldthereporter.“HowluckyIam!”1.A.run B.walk C.jump D.climb2.A.expected B.wanted C.remembered D.tried3.A.sat B.stood C.stopped D.lay4.A.hit B.found C.covered D.left5.A.immediately B.gradually C.especially D.naturally6.A.searched B.called C.paid D.showed7.A.allowed B.sped C.forced D.invited8.A.warning B.reward C.success D.preparation9.A.movedon B.backedup C.calmeddown D.leftoff10.A.connection B.opportunity C.challenge D.accident第二节：语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。HalimatuisayoungvolunteerworkinginavillageinSierraLeone.Whileshewasdoingdoor-to-doorvisits,andencouragingcommunitiestopracticehandwashing,people____11____(say)thattheydidn’thaverunningwaterandcouldn’taffordsoap.____12____(disappoint)bywhattheytoldher,Halimatudecidedtolearnhowtomakeatippy-tap,ahands-freewaytowashyourhandsandissuitedforvillages.Halimatu____13____(help)morecommunitiessincethen.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。OiBaishi(1864-1957)isoneofthemostwell-knownChinesepainters____14____theplayfulstyleofhiswatercolorworks.Inhispainting“MouseandCatwithaLamp(灯)”,amouseisstandingonthetopofalongpole____15____alampishung.Underthepoleisacat.Despitetheimage’ssimplecomposition,themovingandstillpartsareboththere,____16____(create)astrikingsituation.Theimagesofmouseandcatareverydifferentfromeachother,____17____causesaheartylaugh.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。Active____18____(learner)donotaccepteverythingtheylearn.Theyattempttofindthetruthattheheartofeachidea.Evenwhenanideasounds____19____(entire)unlikely,theremaybeanaspectofitthatisbasedontruth.Soifsomeonesaysthatdinosaursstillexisttoday,thinkabout____20____theybelievethis.Ifyoutrytofindoutthesourceofanidea,nomatterhowcrazyitseems,youwillincreaseyourchanceoflearningsomething.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFIRST(ForInspirationandRecognitionofScienceandTechnology)isaglobalnonprofitorganizationthatpreparesyoungpeopleforthefuturethroughteam-basedroboticsprogramsforages4-18.FIRSThoststhousandsofeventsaroundtheglobeannually.TheseeventsaremadepossiblethroughthesupportofeventvolunteerswhoworkalongwithotherswhoreallylikethetaskofFIRSTtorunseasonaleventsatthelocal,regional,andeveninternationallevels.Eventvolunteerscanbe:●FIRSTgraduates●Non-profitorganizationstaffsupportingorparticipatinginroboticsprograms●Parentsofroboticsprogramstudents●Teachers/Professorsteachingororganizingscienceprojects●Expertsinrelatedfields(e.g.,engineers,programmers)●EmployeesofTechcompanies●UndergraduatesandteachersincollegesAsaneventvolunteeryouwill:●Becomeresponsiblemembersoftheglobalcommunitywhorecognizethatyourcollectiveskillscancreatemeaningfulchangesinsomeone’slife,inthecommunity,andevenintheworld.●Joinacommunityoflike-mindedindividualsthatsupportFIRSTprograms.●ReceivegeneralFIRSTtrainingandtrainingforyourvolunteerrole.●Gainvaluableskillsincertainfieldsthatmaybegoodforyourfuturejobs.●Haveachancetogettrainingrecordsofvolunteerism.Nomatterwhatlevelyouwanttobeinvolvedin,thereisaroleforyou,fromsafetyworkerstojudges,andhoststoofficials.Somerolesrequirealittletimewithquickpreparationsontheday.Otherrolesrequirepre-eventtrainingandlongerparticipationoneventdays.Technicalandnon-technicaleventvolunteerrolesarereadytosupportFIRSTprograms.Howtosignup:FirstyoushouldcreateanaccountintheFIRSTwebsite:sign-upisinthetoprightcornerofthispageorbyclickingthe“StartVolunteerRegistration”buttonbelow.ThenclicktheVolunteerRegistrationtab&choose“VolunteeratanEvent”.Youcansearcheventsbylocationandchooseuptofiveroles.Youmustenteryoure-mail:Thisemailwillbeusedtoreceivetheresultandgetyourpasswordifyouforgetit.Beforereceivinganemailtocheckyourvolunteerrole,youshouldfillinayouthprotectionbackgroundsurvey.21.WhoislikelytobecomeaFIRSTeventvolunteer?A.FIRSTparticipants. B.Scienceteachers.C.Governmentstaff. D.Expertsinbusiness.22.WhatwillFIRSTeventvolunteersreceivefromtheirwork?A.Certainjoboffersinrelatedfields. B.Smallgiftsfortheirtimeandeffort.C.Basictrainingandrole-specificpreparation. D.Chancestomeetindividualsofvariousinterests.23.Whatdoapplicantsneedtododuringthesign-up?A.Completeabackgroundcheck. B.Checktheresultonthewebsite.C.Createanewemailaccount. D.Searchforeventsbytime.BInatech-drivenworld,CaineMonroy,ayounginventivetalent,stoodoutwithhisimaginationandcleverness,provingthatacardboardboxandadreamcanproducesomethingextraordinary.Itbeganin2011whennine-year-oldCainespenthissummervacationathisfather’scarpartsstoreinEastLosAngeles.Withfewfriendstoplaywithhefoundjoyinmakingacardboardgameroomwithgameslikebasketballgoals,atoy-catchingmachine,andsoccer.Hiscreativitywasendless,andheranhisgameroomwithpassion,charging$1fortwoturnsor$2foraFunPasswith500turns.Despitehiscreativityandhardwork,atfirst,fewpeoplepayattentiontoCaine’sgameroom,duetoitslocationwithlittlefoottraffic.However,Cainebelievedthatonedayhe’dhavecustomers.Hisgameroomwastoogoodforpeoplenottoenjoy.Hekeptworkingeveryday,building,improving,andmakingitbetter.Thenadocumentaryfilmmaker,NirvanMullick,discoveredthegameroomandwasimpressedbyCaine’sdetermination,leadingtoashortfilmabouthim.Thedocumentary“Caine’sgameroom”becamepopularonsocialmedia,reachingallovertheworldandinspiringmanytovalueimaginationandcreativity.Thedocumentarybecamepopular,andsuddenly,Caine’sgameroombecameawidelybigsuccess.Hundredsofpeoplelinedupatthecarpartsstore,eagertoexperiencethewonderofthecardboardgameroom.Thesmall,one-dollargamesthatoncesatunnoticedandoverlookednowattractedattentionfromallcornersoftheglobe.IthasalsobecomeaninspirationforteacherswhousetheconceptforSTEAMlessonsandsummerprojects.Caine’spopularityasaspeakercomesfromhisremarkableexperience,withsixForbesfeaturesandover250,000mediaimpressionsworldwide.HehasgiventwoTedXTalksandispreparingforathird.HisspeakingactivitieshavetakenhimtofamouseventsliketheCannesLionsFestivalandlocationsincludingNewYork,SanFrancisco,USC,andtheWhiteHouse,allbeforehis18thbirthday.Currently,Caineisstudyingatcollegeandwritinghisfirstshowbook.Heremainsapopularspeakerandisarolemodelformanyyoungindividuals,inspiringthemtowelcometheircreativity.24.Cainebuiltthegameroomdueto.A.hisshortageoffriends B.hispopularityC.hisendlessideas D.hisexpectations25.HowdidCainefeelwhennocustomerscametohisgameroom?A.Upset. B.Angry. C.Hopeful. D.Surprised.26.HowdidCainegainglobalattention?A.Thelowpriceofhisgameroommadehimfamous.B.Customersintroducedhisgameroomtomorepeople.C.Adocumentaryofhisgameroomspreadwidelyonline.D.STEAMlessonshecreatedwithteachersbecamepopular.27.WhatcanwelearnfromCaine’sstory?A.Dreambigandstartsmall.B.Fortunefavorsthebraveperson.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Creativityinviteslucktoknock.CExtremeweatherevents,suchastornadoes,cancausewidespreaddamagetoforests,leadingtoenvironmentalandfinanciallosses.Whentreesfallduringthesestorms,ecosystemsmightbeinfluenced,increasingforestmanagementcosts.Asclimatechangeworsens,severestormsareexpectedtobecomemorefrequent,makingitimportanttounderstandhowforestsrespondtowindstress.Whilepreviousstudieshaveexploredhowtreesreacttowind,itisunclearwhethertheseresponsesremainthesameacrossdifferentforestconfigurations.Withthisaim,ateamofresearchersledbyAssociateProfessorKanaKamimura,testedhowtreesmoveundervariousforestarrangementsandweatherconditions,includinghowtreeswithstandwind.Theresearchaimstoexplainhowwindsdirectlyimpacttreesandhowtreesreducethestressfromwindtosurvive.Toachievethis,researcherssetuptwoexperimentalareasofcedartrees,inNovember2017.Inthefirstplot,P-100wasmadeupof3,000treesperhectare,creatingathickforest.Inthesecondplot,P-50,halfofthetreeswereremovedforthisresearch,leaving1,500treesperhectare.Overtwoyears,theteamwatched24treesinthedense(密集的)areaand12inthethinnedarea,usingtoolstotracktherangeoftreesmovementduringvariouswindconditions.Thetrackingperiodincludedmanytyphoons,suchasTyphoonTrami,in2018,whichcausedsignificantdamagetothethinnedplot.Theresearchersfoundthatcedartreesshowtwocompletelydifferentswayingpatternsdependingonwindspeed.Inlightwinds,thetreesswayedataround2to2.3cyclespersecond,withtheirbranchestakinginmuchofthewindenergy,protectingthetrunksandrootsfromwindstress.However,athigherwindspeeds,thetreeschangedtoaslowerswayingpatternof0.2to0.5cyclespersecond.Inthiscase,thewholetreeswayedtogether,changingforceacrossthetrunkandroots,increasingtheprobabilityofbreakageoruprooting.Interestingly,thechangebetweenthesetwoswayingpatternsoccurredatdifferentwindspeeds,dependingontheforestdensity.Inthedensearea,thetreesswitchedpatternsatwindspeedsbetween1.79and7.44meterspersecond.Incontrast,inthethinnedplot,thechangeoccurredatslightlylowerwindspeeds,rangingfrom1.57to5.63meterspersecond.Thisstudyoffersvaluableunderstandingforbalancingthinningwithwindresistanceinforestmanagementtosupportlong-lastingforestrypractices,andhelpforestsgothroughextremeclimatechanges.28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theresultsofthepreviousstudies. B.Thepracticalreasonsfortheresearch.C.Thepotentialeffectsofextremeweather. D.Thechallengesbroughtbyclimatechanges.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“configurations”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Areas. B.Sizes. C.Types. D.Layouts.30.Whatcanweinferfromthestudyconductedbytheresearchers?A.Thetreestendtoswaymoreviolentlyasthewindbecomesstronger.B.Thebranchesoftreestookinmostofthewindenergyinstrongwind.C.Plantingtreesinathinnedpatterncanhelpprotecttreesfromstorms.D.Treesinthinnedplotschangetheirswayingpatterninlighterwinds.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocallonpeopletoplantmoretreesinthinnedarea.B.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentprotection.C.Toofferideasforamorereasonableforestmanagement.D.Tocomparethedifferentswayingpatternsoftreesinstorms.DThisarticlewaswrittenbyahumanbeing,butAItechnologythatcanautomaticallycreatetextisontheriseinmanyareas.Aspeopledependonsuchthings,ensuringcorrectandclearresponsesandinformationtotheirusersbecomesimportant.Manyfamiliartools,includingChatGPTandothers,appearveryfluentinwhatevertheydeliver,buttheirresponsesoftenincludemade-upcontenttheyproduceandcannotbefullytrusted.Usersunfamiliarwiththetopicmaymistakenlyacceptincorrectinformation,especiallysinceAIpresentsresponseswithconfidenttones.“Youcan’tfailtonoticehowsomeAIsystemscanexplainclearlywhilestillproducingoftensignificanterrors,”ProfessorTakamitsuWatanabefromtheInternationalResearchCenterforNeurointelligence(WPI-IRCN)toldthereporter.“ButwhatstruckmyteamandmewasasimilaritybetweenthisbehaviorandthatofpeoplewithWernicke’saphasia(失语症),wheresuchpeoplespeakfluentlybutdon’talwaysmakemuchsense.ThatcausedustowonderifthewaytheseAIsystemsworkcouldbesimilartothoseofthehumanbrainaffectedbyaphasia,andifso,whattheremindersmightbe.”Toexplorethisidea,theteamusedamethodcalledenergylandscapeanalysis,atechniqueoriginallydevelopedbyphysicistsseekingtovisualize(视觉化)energystates,butwhichwasrecentlyadaptedforneuroscience.Theyexaminedpatternsinrestingbrainactivityfrompeoplewithdifferenttypesofaphasiaandcomparedthemtointernaldatafromseveralpubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs).Andintheiranalysis,theteamdiddiscoversomestrikingsimilarities.ThewaydigitalinformationorsignalsaremovedaroundandguidedwithintheseAImodelscloselymatchedthewaysomebrainsignalsbehavedinthebrainsofpeoplewithcertaintypesofaphasia,includingWernicke’saphasia.“Youcanimaginetheenergylandscapeasasurfacewithaballonit.Whenthere’sacurve(弯曲),theballmayrolldownandcometorest,butwhenthecurvesareshallow,theballmayrollaroundeverywhere,”Watanabeexplained.“Inaphasia,theballrepresentstheperson’sbrainstate.InLLMs,itrepresentsthecontinuingsignalpatterninthemodelbasedonitsinstructionsandinternaldataset.”Theresearchhasseveralreminders.Forneuroscience,itoffersapossiblenewwaytogroupandtrackconditionslikeaphasiabasedoninternalbrainactivityratherthanjustvisiblesigns.ForAI,itcouldleadtobettertestingtoolsthathelpengineersimprovethestructureofAIsystemsfromtheinsideout.Though,despitethesimilaritiestheresearchersdiscovered,theystronglyadvisednottomaketoomanyassumptions.32.ProfessorWatanabecomparesAIsystemswithaphasiapatientstoshow.A.AIsystemscanexplainclearlyB.AIandaphasiabrainsarealikeC.itishardtoimproveAIsystemD.aphasiabrainsareaffectedbyAI33.WhatcanwelearnfromprofessorWatanabe’sresearch?A.LLMshavecopiedhumanthinkingprocess.B.Aphasiapatientscanbecuredforitsobvioussigns.C.Languagesignalsareguidedtocertainareaofbrains.D.Problemsoccurduringtheprocessofsignalmoving.34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIOverconfidenceMirrorsHumanBrainConditionB.AIStructureReflectsHowHumanBrainDevelopsC.AIImprovementFollowsHumanBrainResearchD.AISystemReshapesHuman’sWayofSpeaking第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Impostorsyndromeisthefeelingthatpeoplehavewhentheydoubttheirabilities,evenwhentheyhavebeensuccessfulorhavereceivedpraise.Theyworrythatoneday,everyonewillrealizetheyarefaking(假冒)it.Itwasfirstdescribedin1978,whenresearchersobserveditinsuccessfulbusinesswomen.However,itcanaffectpeopleofallsexesandcareers.Studiesestimatethat82%ofpeopleexperienceitatsomepointintheirlives.____35____Forexample,womenworkinginfieldswithmalemajoritiesorminoritystudentsoftensufferfromit.Peoplewithimpostorsyndromehavesomesharedcharacteristics.____36____Whentheysucceed,theyfrequentlycredittheirsuccesstoluckratherthantheirskills.Manyarealsouncomfortablereceivingpraiseandoftenworkharderthannecessarytoprovetheirworth.Manyfactorscancontributetoimpostorsyndrome.____37____Childrenwithcontrollingoroverprotectiveparentsoftendevelopthesefeelingslaterinlife.Startingsomethingnew,likeajoborschoolprogram,canalsocauseimpostorsyndromesincepeoplemaybeshortofexperienceintheirnewroles.Thegoodnewsisthatpeoplecantakeseveralapproachestoovercomeit.Onemethodistotalkaboutyourdoubtswithothers.Sharingyourfeelingsreduceslonelinessandallowsotherstoremindyouofyourtrueabilities.____38____Savepositivefeedbackfromothersandtrackyourachievementstoserveasreminderswheneverdoubtarises.____39____Focusonprogressratherthanexcellence.Whenyoumakemistakes,viewthemaschancestolearninsteadofproofthatyouareafake.Joiningsupportgroupscanalsohelpyourealizethatyouarenotaloneinthefightagainstimpostorsyndrome.Rememberthatfeelinglikeanimpostordoesn’tmeanyouareone.Byusingthesestrategiestoovercomeimpostorsyndrome,youmaystopfeelinglikeafakeandtrulyenjoyyoursuccess.A.Anotherusefulstrategyistostoptryingtobeperfect.B.Self-awarenesscanturnimpostorsyndromeintoagrowthtool.C.Researchsuggeststhatfamilyupbringingplaysanimportantrole.D.Highachieversinseniorpositionsaremorelikelytoexperienceit.E.Theytendtobeindividualswhoaimtobeperfectineverythingtheydo.F.Itisalsoimportanttocelebrateyoursuccessesinsteadofoverlookingthem.G.Itisespeciallycommonamongpeoplewhofeeldifferentfromtheirage-mates.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节：(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Therearecountlessmetaphorsformemory.It’saleakybucket,asteeltrap,apapercontainer,andwordswritteninsand.ButhaveyoueverthoughtthatourmemoriesarealotlikeaLegoTower:It’sbuiltfromthegroundup,thenbrokendown,putawayinbinsandrebuiltinaslightlydifferentformeachtimeit’stakenout.PsychologistsCiaraGreeneandGillianMurphyexplainthismetaphorintheirnewbook,MemoryLane.PerhapsthecomparisonspeakstomebecauseIhavewatchedmykidscreateamazingvillagesofLegobricks,onlytobetakenapart,putawayandreconstructed,alwayswithasimilaroverallstructurebutwithlittleandoccasionallymajorchanges.Memoryworksthisway,too,GreeneandMurphythink.“AswewalkdownMemoryroad,thebuildingswepass—ourmemoriesofindividualevents—areunderrepeatedreconstruction,”GreeneandMurphywrite.Ineasy-to-understandwriting,thebookcoversalotofground,fromhowweformmemoriestohowdelicate(精致的)thosememoriesreallyare.Readersmayfinditinterestingtolearnhowbadweallareatrememberingwhywedidsomething,fromsmallchoices,likebuyinganalbum,toimportantones.Peoplechangetheirreasoning—oratleast,theirmemoriesoftheirreasoning—onthesesortsofeventsallthetime.Moderndifficultsituationsalsocomeup,suchaswhetherfakenewsandAIvideoshaveparticularinfluenceourmemoriesorevencreatefalseones.Don’tpanic,theauthorswrite.Digitalfakescaninfluencememories,sure.GreeneandMurphyofferanothercomfortingmessageagainandagain:Ourmemoriescanbewrongandimperfect,butthesearefeatures,notproblems.Theseimperfectionsareaproductofaflexiblememorysystemthatallowsustolearnfromthepast,planforthefutureandrespondtounexpectedevents.Forgettingmaymakeourbrainsmoreefficientbyremovingunnecessarydetailssowecanfocusontheimportantmemories.Itmayevenkeepushappierbyallowingtimetoeasethepainfulexperiences,theauthorswrite.“Wesuggestacceptingitjustthewayitis—imperfectionsandall.”40.WhatarememorieslikeaccordingtopsychologistsGreeneandMurphy?_________________________________________________________________41.Whataffectsourmemoriesinmodemtimes?_________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Weallcanmakemistakeswhenwerememberthings,anditistheproblemofourmemory._________________________________________________________________43.Whatcanpeopledotoavoidinfluencesonmemoriesinmoderntimes?(Inabout40words)_________________________________________________________________第二节：书面表达(20分)44.假设你是高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jin写信询问你校校园环保社团“绿芽行动社(GreenSproutInitiative)”的相关情况，请给他写一封邮件介绍相关情况。内容包括：1.社团的基本情况(创建时间、目的、创办人等);2.社团活动具体内容。注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________