Unit 2 Sports Culture Grammar and usage 课件高中英语译林版选择性必修第二册

Unit2

Sportsculture

GrammarandUsageAnInitialExplorationofthePassiveVoice“We’llbelookingaheadattheyear’stopsportingevents”.Review主动语态·ThisistheOlympics---anextraodinaryeventthatwasfirstcelebratedabout3,000yearsago.·Duringtheearlygames,onlyGreekmanwereallowedtoparticipate.·TheancientOlypicgameswereheldatOlympiainGreeceeveryfouryearsforabout12centuries.·Bythetimehediedin2016,Alihadbeenrecognizedasoneofthegreatestboxersofalltime.被动语态1.WhenIsawhimhe________________(decorate)hisroom,soIhadnochancetochatwithhim.2.We_____________(watch)TVfromseventoninelastnight.

3.He________(try)hisbestalthoughhefailedtopasstheexam.4.I___________(want)tohelpyou,butIwastoobusythen.

wasdecoratingwerewatchinghadtriedhadwantedLead-in5.Theroad__________________(repair)whenIgotthere,soIcouldn’t

walkonit.6.Thehouse__________________(clean)whentheguestsarrived,sotheyhadtostandoutside.7.Hetoldmenottoworry,becausetheinjured_____________(send)tohospital.8.Ifoundthatthemeal_______________(prepare)andIsatatthetabletoenjoymyself.wasbeingrepairedwasbeingcleanedhadbeensenthadbeenpreparedWespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspoken

by

us.主语谓语宾语主动变被动：主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成be+donePresentation主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：Step1:把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语They

willbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.

(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.

(被动)Step2:把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化。Step3:原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现，如不需要则可省略.Step4:其它的成分（定语、状语、补语）不变。被动语态的基本形式：助动词be+done

助动词be有人称，数，时态的变化Iamlikedbyeverybody.She_____(be)likedbyeverybody.They____________(be)likedbyeverybodyuntilnow.注意：

只有及物动词才有被动语态Wearrived.Wearrivedattherailwaystationatnoon.ishavebeen

1.Mymothersweepstheflooreveryday.2.Annacantakegoodcareofthecats.3.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Thefloor

isswpet

bymymother

everyday.

Thecatscanbetakencareof

byAnna.Somebeautifulsongs

canbesung

bythem.Practice一般现在时

表示现阶段经常发生的动作，也表示客观存在的事实和规律。主动语态：do\does被动语态：am\is\are+done(过去分词)Wecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.表示在过去的某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，此动作或状态始于过去并且结束于过去。主动语态：did被动语态：was\were+done(过去分词)Wecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomwascleanedbyus.一般过去时表示将来某一特定时间将发生的动作或出现的某种状态，也表示某种打算、计划或准备要做某事。主动语态：will\shalldo被动语态：will\shall+be+done(过去分词)Wewillcleantheclassroomtomorrow.Theclassroomwillbecleanedbyus

tomorrow.一般将来时被动语态结构中应注意的几个问题①“一感觉(feel)”、“两听(hear,listento)”、“三使(make,let,have)”、“四看(see,watch,look,notice)”等动词在主动结构中要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中to不可省去。Bettyisoftenseentohelp

theoldmanwithhishousework.②后跟双宾语的动词在被动语态中，如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则间接宾语前常常要加介词to或for。常接to的动词有give,tell,lend,show,pass,hand等；常接for的动词有buy,get等。Aspecialpresentwasgivento

meonmybirthday.Aspecialpresentwasboughtfor

meonmybirthday.③短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词，也不能将其拆开。Mygrandpaistakengoodcareof

inthehospital.1.不用被动语态的情况：①不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如rise,fail,happen,last,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto等。e.g.Oilpriceshaverisensharplyinrecentweeks.②系动词无被动语态，如appear,be,become,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。e.g.Thefriedchickenstayedfreshandcrisp.2.主动形式表示被动意义：

①某些不及物动词（其主语大都指物），如smell,taste,sound,prove,lock,shut,open,read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook等，常用主动形式表达被动意义。e.g.Thedoorwon’tshut.Thepoemreadssmoothly.②在need,require,worth后用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动。e.g.Thebathneededrepairing=Thebathneededtoberepaired.③toblame（责备）用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.Ithinkitisyouwhoaretoblameforthisaccident.1.Greatchanges________place.Manynewschools________．A.havetaken;havebeenopenedB.take;areopenC.aretaken;open

D.havebeentaken;areopened2.Untilnow,hishomeworkhasnot_______finished.A.beingB.be C.been D.tobe3.Thewindow______.Youneednotwashitagain.A.iswashed B.waswashedC.hasbeenwashed D.willbewashedExercise4.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday________yet.A.arenotdecided B.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided5.Nopermissionhas_______foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengiven B.givenC.togive D.begiving6.Itiswell-knowntousthatalotofrivers______bythefactories.A.arepollutingB.havebeenpollutingC.arebeingpollutingD.arebeingpolluted7.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet.Therooms______.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting8.Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparation_____________